Semiconductor is a material relative to the word conductor. In general public context, semiconductor and integrated circuit refer to the same thing.
In 1883, Edison (not Tesla:)) experimentally concluded that "there is a current flowing in the vacuum gap between the filament and the metal sheet, and the current has one-way flow characteristics." He called this the "Edison effect."
1889 British Thomson further explained the Edison effect. Two years later, Thomson proved the existence of electrons through the Edison effect.
In 1904, it was the British Fleming who invented the vacuum diode through the Edison effect.
Two years later, Americans invented the vacuum triode.
In 1912, the American Telephone and Telegraph Company and General Electric Company developed high vacuum tubes based on De Forest's triode.
Since then, regenerative radio (1912), radio broadcasting (1920) and superheterodyne radio (1920) have come out one after another, long-distance radio communications, wireless telephones, radios, broadcasts, radar, inertial navigation, television, talkies, high-definition
Frequency heating furnaces and computer consumer electronics came out one after another.
When the first computer came out at the University of Pennsylvania in 1946, the shortcomings of the electron tube were fully exposed. So under the guidance of the American Xiao Keli, Bardeen and Bratton successfully manufactured the first transistor. The materials were silicon and germanium semiconductors.
Historically, Shockley was a genius, but not a good person. His eight subordinates didn't like him very much, so they resigned one after another and found Fairchild Company, which dealt in photographic equipment, and founded Fairchild Semiconductor.
It is a unique event in the entire history of human science that eight genius fairy children came together to found a company.
During the development of Fairchild's Project 142 "Planar Control Equipment" in 1962, two Fairchild companies first proposed the complementary metal oxide semiconductor abbreviation "CMOS" technology, and determined the characteristics of CMOS at the Solid State Circuit Conference - "
The static power supply has low power density and the working power supply has high power density, which can form a high-density field-effect vacuum triode Logitech circuit."
Today, most integrated circuits in the world are developed based on CMOS processes.
Shockley developed the transistor, and Fairchild kept the oxide plane on top of the silicon, achieving mass production of transistors: as long as thin metal wires were laid on the oxide, the components and wires were integrated, and all the transistors were internally connected.
It can be realized in production again. This is the prototype of the integrated circuit.
Moore is one of the eight fairy children and one of the founders of Intel. In 1975, he introduced Moore's Law in electronics, which was widely recognized by the industry and became the first law driving the development of the information technology industry.
.Microprocessor performance, memory capacity, sensors and even camera pixels are all developing along the path of Moore's Law.
Anti-Moore's Law was mentioned earlier, which means that any company whose technological development cannot keep up with the requirements of Moore's Law will be eliminated, and large companies are no exception. Therefore, in addition to maintaining high R&D investment, large companies also
It is necessary to pay close attention to the development of emerging technologies. Frequent mergers and acquisitions may bring about small and medium-sized enterprises with revolutionary new technologies, and thus the venture capital mechanism has emerged.
Among flower growers, Huawei and Alibaba’s father are typical representatives. Let’s not talk about Huawei. The unicorn company Cambrian invested by Alibaba is very interesting. The two founders are in the junior high school, and their research is to simulate the human brain.
Neuron smart chip.
In the Journal of Electronics (1975) Moore's prediction has come true today: Integrated circuits will bring about a series of miracles - home computers (or terminals linked to central computers), automatic car control systems, and portable communications
equipment.
Putting aside national factors, I should be grateful to these foreign geniuses. It is because of them that I can watch Douyin and watch the competitive sports of the island country today. It is very good!
Nowadays, people are familiar with the words integrated circuits, semiconductors, and chips. Conceptually, semiconductors refer to materials whose electrical properties are between conductors and insulators. Integrated circuits are large-scale devices made of semiconductor materials.
A collection of circuits, and a chip is a product formed of integrated circuits.
Today, the use of chips has become ubiquitous, profoundly changing our lives.