"I need a container that can hold 2.5 gallons, a small plastic coolant, a liter of pure isopropyl alcohol or pure methanol, a black cloth large enough to fit the top of the container, and a metal plate the same size as the top of the container - preferably aluminum. Because it conducts heat better than steel, 1 pound of dry ice, a bright light source such as a high-powered flashlight, a strong magnet, or a low-radiation source such as a smoke detector, an old Coleman lampshade, or something containing cobalt Old ceramics, and a monitor.”
This monitor can be used as a substitute for the MP3 player that Wo Gua sacrificed his life to.
But other-
The four of them tried their best to search, but they could only scrape together a few pieces. Among them, they also found a 1982 copycat Lafite from Wo Gua. I wonder why he came to the desert to bring a bottle of Erguotou?
Li Green Ant first put the felt cloth he found on the bottom of the container and glued it firmly with black electrical glue.
Because there is no plastic coolant, but as long as you find a way to purify the carbon dioxide, you can parse out dry ice from it. Place the dry ice at the bottom of the radiator and add a little alcohol to the mixture to form a slurry to make it have better thermal contact with the metal plate.
Next, use a metal plate cover to cover the dry ice, and paint the side of the metal plate away from the dry ice black.
Then place the container - place the alcohol-soaked black felt cloth facing up, so that the metal plate covers the dry ice. Make good thermal contact between the dry ice and the metal plate. The temperature of the dry ice and alcohol mixture should be at -70℃ or -94℉ Down left and right.
Wrap electrical tape around the edges where the metal plate and container join to seal the cloud chamber above the metal plate.
It is necessary to prevent the temperature at the top of the cloud chamber from becoming too low. The temperature at the bottom of the cloud chamber should be close to -60°C (-76°F) to ensure that supersaturated steam can form. However, the temperature at the top of the cloud chamber should be kept close to room temperature (22 ℃ or 72℉) to promote the evaporation of alcohol. To accomplish this, it is necessary to heat the top of the cloud chamber by hand or by other means to maintain an appropriate temperature gradient.
Shine light from one side of the container onto the metal plate. The units should be stacked like this, from top to bottom.
"drop--"
"Tick-tock——"
After about fifteen minutes, the particles pass through the steam a few centimeters above the metal plate and begin to form alcohol droplets.
Wo Gua stared at it for a long time, and even after looking over it, he couldn't see anything.
"I'm talking about the dung beetle. When you talked about the cloud chamber, I thought it was something special. It turned out to be a sauna - and your sauna is too low-level. It only has such a small amount of water vapor for a long time. , if the bather comes here, let alone the mud, he won’t even be able to rub out my pretty boy’s handsomeness!”
"After the mist droplets are generated in the supersaturated alcohol vapor, you should start to observe the spider web-like tracks at the bottom of the cloud chamber. These are cosmic rays, which can be observed approximately several times per minute."
On the simple display modified by Li Lvyan, he is observing how the magnet affects the trajectory of the example, paying special attention to how the initial velocity direction of the particles changes under the influence of the magnetic field in the north-south direction.
Once started, it is helpful to record particle trajectories and provide an opportunity to analyze the particle trajectories in detail. However, still photography is difficult because the trajectories generated by particle motion are highly random and disappear quickly. From the recorded Extracting static images from videos is more likely to produce clear trajectory images.
"Look, this is an alpha particle. Alpha particles are produced by combining protons and neutrons, forming a long, narrow and clear trajectory about 1cm long."
"This is a beta particle. It is made of electrons. Its orbit is thinner and longer, 3-10cm long."
These trajectories start out straight and then quickly split into a different direction. The twists and turns on the display also indicate that the direction of the meson's motion deviates after expelling an electron from an air molecule -
It starts with a collision between a meson and an atom. The meson is deflected and the electron is knocked out of the atom, leaving a second weakened trajectory.
Then the meson decays, and the meson spontaneously turns into an electron and two neutrons. The neutrons will not leave a trajectory in the cloud chamber. What you may see is a zigzag shape that represents the dispersion of low-energy particles many times.
unstable trajectory.
The orbit of the meson is a straight line at the beginning, but then moves apart at a larger angle. The most likely decay occurred during the spontaneous decay of the meson to form an electron. The electron can be seen as an elongated trajectory.
2 neutrons do not form a vapor trail they are invisible because neutrons have no electric charge.
If you look at the cloud chamber from the front, the particle flow enters from the left side of the cloud chamber. The north pole of the magnet points to the top of the cloud chamber, and the trajectory bends toward the back of the cloud chamber. Particles with negative charges are positively charged and bend toward the cloud chamber.
The particles on the front side are negatively charged.
"drop--"
"drop--"
As time passed, Wo Gua's stomach growled again. Although Jing Qiongshuang, Hei Jingshuang and others did not quite understand the principles of the operation, what they were sure of was not these principles, but Li Luyi's.
You can definitely get yourself out of trouble!!
Li Lvyan looked at the traces of material on the MP3, and the data in his mind was still spinning rapidly.
The muon is one of many types of subatomic particles that can be detected in cloud chambers. The muon has the same charge as an electron, but it weighs 207 times as much. It is produced when cosmic rays strike the upper layers of Earth's atmosphere.
Meson, meson is very unstable and will immediately decompose into other types of particles after it is generated.
After the meson is formed at the top of the atmosphere, it decays with a period of 2.2μs or 0.0000022s. 1μS is 1/10-6s. During this time, the meson will only move 659m, or 0.659km. Because they are 10-10 meters above the surface of the earth.
Formed at 15km, so most of the mesons have decayed before reaching the earth's surface.
The trouble is, how can mesons reach the ground from above the atmosphere where they were generated before they decay?
Even if mesons move at a speed greater than 99% of the speed of light, they do not have enough time to travel to the ground, and no mesons are seen at all.
However, because mesons move so fast—according to Einstein's theory of relativity—time slows down for them.
In fact, people can see mesons on the surface of the earth to prove Einstein's theory of relativity, which can be used to determine the time of moving particles.
v is the speed of the particle, here v is 0.99c and c is the speed of light. From the perspective of Einstein's theory of relativity, the lifetime of the meson becomes longer (35μs), which gives it enough time to pass through the Earth's atmosphere before decaying
.
Li Lvyan's heart suddenly trembled, and he looked at the three people with a look of disbelief on his face.
"No, we were fooled."
Twenty years ago——
"call--"
In the dark underground fortress, a wrinkled old man was running desperately in the corridor. If Wogua and others could see the familiar green train, they would be surprised, because this is no other place, it is
The same route that Li Luyi and Wo Gua used to escape.
"死ぬべきで,private はただこれらの不动の死とpainのSamuraiをbuildしたいと思って,しかしこれまでこれらの鬼のもののNaka no one person
死にますか?”
In the darkness, black shadows rushed towards them like tarsal gangrene, with the aura of death and decay flashing in their eyes. Before they were alienated during their lifetime, the only mission instilled in their nerve centers was to kill everyone who set foot in this underground area.
The creature in the fortress, no matter who it is!!
The creature in front of me, even if he was once one of us, is now an "alien creature": kill him, kill him!!
The old man gasped for breath, feeling the breath of hell among the walking corpses coming like a tide from behind.
These soldiers were all created by him. Although it was an order from above, without exception, he was the executioner who pressed the button. If it hadn't been for him, none of these battles would have been invaded by the sarin gas in an instant.
A warrior who knows no pain and is immortal.
Speaking of which, they should regard him as their master, but according to the "General's" last order, he was forced to change this setting to: kill all creatures that step into this place.
He lost control of these walking corpses and hid in the small and dark cave every day, guarding countless sections and maintaining the dry battery power supply of the entire underground fortress. The power supply was provided for a long time, but what about the food and water sources?
This is something that only exists on earth——
After facing two days of hunger and thirst, the old man finally couldn't bear it and walked up. He was discovered by one of the walking corpses and was besieged here.
"Baga, Baga!!!"
The walking zombies are like monsters that are insatiable. They only know how to satisfy their deepest desires, which is to eat this alien race and restore peace to the place.
The old man's angry shouting could not arouse any expression from the walking corpses, but instead aroused their bloodthirsty desire.
At the turning point ahead, there is an unavoidable solid wall with no way out.
The old man was not as familiar with this place as he was with the underground. He fell into a dead end and could no longer escape.
!!
"どうして?"
With no way to retreat, he was sweating. The screams of those things, accompanied by millions of walking corpses, were about to smash him to pieces. The old man's face instantly turned into ashes.
"哐——"
"scandium--"
It's the momentum and sound of those things knocking down obstacles on the road and rushing towards them in a devastating manner.
Are you going to die?
It is said that before a person dies, he will see the most important things in his mind, but I feel that the most important things have been almost destroyed after meeting that "general", and now the only life left is
, will also turn into a wreck.
Suddenly there was an unhurried figure in the darkness, pulling the old man into the room next to him. The old man was about to scream, but the man in his ear whispered in fluent Japanese, "Do you want to live or die?"
?”
Li Lvyan stared at the three people who didn't know how to deal with it with an ugly face——
"Some radioactive elements or isotopes in cosmic rays are composed of charged particles. When these charged particles pass through a cloud of saturated alcohol vapor
When entering the chamber, the particles ionize the vapor molecules. The vapor droplets condense on the movement path of the particles, leaving the movement path of the particles - a visible trajectory. After the collision occurs, it either changes the movement trajectory of the particles or causes a subatomic
event, eventually forming a completely new mixture of particles. The law of conservation of momentum and the law of conservation of mass must be followed, which helps to identify the types of particles including those invisible particles. Particles that are not ionized, such as neutrons, cannot
It will leave a visible trail.”
"But we saw such clear traces of neutrons in this cloud chamber, and they were even calculated by me. What does this mean?"
Wogua thought for a long time and tentatively said, "Does this mean that this neutron is awesome? It is number one. It flies a plane in the sea?"
The other trace on the display is that of a positron, whose trajectory is more difficult to distinguish from other positively charged particles. However, just knowing that many events in the cloud chamber are positrons is significant in itself.
Positrons are the antimatter version of electrons. When a positron collides with an antimatter electron, the two annihilate each other and release energy.
Although it may be difficult to pinpoint this event, annihilation of electrons and positrons in cloud chambers is common.
Cosmic rays are made up of electrically charged subatomic particles that constantly hit the Earth's surface. These particles can be observed by observing the tracks they leave behind in a saturated vapor in a device called a cloud chamber.
But now the two should have canceled each other out. The electrons with positrons and the antimatter were left behind, and traces of neutrons were also left behind——
hiss--
Li Lvyan's throat was dry and he struggled, "What we saw from the beginning to the end is not an illusion, but this space, which is a huge illusion!"
They were fooled.
The special theory of relativity is completely unworkable here. Not only is it unworkable, it also leaves such terrible traces and encounters——
The sarcophagus in this space is the central point that triggers this space. From beginning to end, there is no special overlapping of illusions. Their current bodies should be somewhere else, but due to some strong interference in their thinking,
Entering this space strangely.
There is no doubt that the only person who can do all this, apart from the master who is proficient in metaphysics and Feng Shui, is his own teacher, Jiang Yunsu!!
"Do you want to live or die?"
The man in the dark spoke Japanese very fluently, but the reason why the old man instantly judged that he was Chinese was because he touched the military uniform he was wearing. The style of this military uniform was very special and seemed to be the iconic wear of a certain organization.
.
A group of people had come to this underground fortress before. They spoke Chinese and wore exactly the same clothes as this person.
"Of course I want to live."
The old man answered the man's questions in Japanese. The man seemed very young, but his way of speaking was very old-fashioned.
"Very good. I'm very satisfied with this answer. If you want to live, I need your efforts."
Contribute——
The old man's heart trembled, and suddenly there was a banging sound outside the door: No, those things have been found here!!
"Hurry up and make up your mind. Whether you want your life or not is up to you!"
The old man asked hard, "What do you want me to do?"
"It's very simple. I need you to do two things for me. First, kill me."
The old man's face tightened, and he couldn't believe what he heard.
"The kill me mentioned here does not refer to me now, but to me who will come here twenty years later. If twenty years later, a young man who looks similar to me is killed by a group of people,
People come here surrounded by people, you don’t need to doubt, I want you to do everything possible to kill me!”
The old man was full of doubts, but he still vaguely agreed, "But we are now in danger of death. We don't know whether we can survive, so how can we help you?"
"Tell me the ingredients of the sarin gas you used -"
The old man looked at him in surprise, as if he wanted to ask how he knew——
But when I saw the man's determined face in the light, I hesitated for a long time and then explained all the ingredients truthfully.
The young man thought for a long time, and then there was a loud banging on the door, and it seemed that he rushed in in an instant.
The ingredients are already clear and it only takes a few minutes to rearrange the order of these things.
"Is there a laboratory here? Are there any leftovers of those things you just mentioned?"
"Yes, there is, but those doses have been calculated thousands of times by engineers. How do you—"
"You don't need to worry about this."
He had already observed everything on the way here and knew it well. As for how to silence tens of thousands of walking zombies in an instant, he only needed a propagation container with a volume of SL connected to the explosion chamber. The gas pressure injected into the propagation container could
Up to 2.0MPa.
The propagation container is equipped with a 19mm quick-opening valve. After the valve is opened, the gas in the container can be ejected within 10ms. The gas container is connected to the semicircular nozzle installed in the explosion chamber through a pipe with an inner diameter of 19mm.
The inner diameter of the semicircular nozzle is 19mm, and there are blow holes with a diameter of 4 to 6 mm distributed on the nozzle. The total cross-sectional area of the blow holes is about 300 mm.