Doujin 28: Song Shizu Poetry Appreciation Series - Little Wolf under the Stars
sequence:
Song Shizu Zhao Jiu (June 21, 1107 - November 9, 1187) was a famous politician, strategist, and writer in Chinese history. Also known as Gou, courtesy name Deji, the tenth emperor of the Song Dynasty, Song Huizong Zhao Ji
The ninth son, the half-brother of Zhao Huan, Emperor Qinzong of the Song Dynasty, and his mother, Queen Xianren, Wei Shi. Zhao Jiu was born in the first year of Daguan (1107), and was granted the title of Duke of Shu. He served successively as the military commander of the Dingwu Army, the inspector of the school, etc., and soon became the Jin Dynasty.
Feng Kangwang. During the Jingkang Incident (1127), the Jin soldiers captured Hui and after the second Emperor Qin went north, Zhao Jiu, who was named the Grand Marshal of the World's Military and Horses by Emperor Qinzong of the Song Dynasty, ascended the throne in Yingtian Mansion, Nanjing, changed the Yuan Dynasty to Jianyan, and rebuilt the Song Dynasty, which was known in history as "
"Shao Song"
After taking the throne, Zhao Jiu vigorously promoted reforms, wiped out all the long-standing abuses since the founding of the Song Dynasty, calmed down the struggle between the old and new parties, measured land reform and tax laws, and greatly eased social conflicts. After twenty years of war in the military, the
Jingkang was humiliated, regained the homeland of the Han and Tang Dynasties, and established another great empire after the Han and Tang Dynasties.
Song poetry and Tang poetry are both regarded as the two peaks of Chinese culture, and Zhao Jiu's works are one of the most glorious chapters. His works are mainly bold and bold, with a mixture of elegance. Most of them express his political ambitions and military life.
, and embodies deep sympathy for the people's suffering life. Its writing style is majestic, generous and sad, sweeping away the wealth and sophistication of the literary world of the former Song Dynasty, creating and prospering Jianyan literature, and leaving precious spiritual wealth to future generations.
When studying Zhao Jiu's poetry, the Jingkang Revolution is often used as the dividing line. As a concubine of Huizong, Zhao Jiu's early works were mainly about the wealthy life of wandering in the forest and the love between men and women. The style is beautiful and soft, and the literary value is not high. After the Jingkang Revolution,
, Zhao Jiu, whose country was ruined and his family was destroyed, experienced the suffering of the people during his exile, and his thoughts changed greatly, which prompted him to quickly grow into an excellent leader. His poems also "broadened his vision and deepened his emotions." Although later, although
Although the situation was difficult, his patriotic belief in restoring the Central Plains never wavered. Instead, he put all his passion and concerns and worries about the rise and fall of the country and the destiny of the nation in his poems. For example, "The Sapphire Case? Yuan Xi" and "Recalling Qin"
"E? Yaoshan Pass", "Qing Ping Le? Helan Mountain", "Book Indignation", etc. The years after his abdication were another peak period of his creation. During this period, Zhao Jiu traveled around the world and left many poems praising the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland.
, there are also some thoughts on life and worries about the future, such as "Yongyu Le? Nostalgic for the Past in Beiguting, Jingkou", "Linjiang Immortal? Red Cliff", etc.
One of Zhao Jiu's major contributions in the history of Ci lies in the expansion of content and broadening of themes. His existing more than one hundred Ci poems write about politics, military affairs, philosophy, the love of lovers, folk customs, and daily life.
Life, writing about reading experience, it can be said that everything that could be written into any other literary style at that time, he wrote into the lyrics, and the scope was much wider than Su's poetry. With the changes in content, subject matter and emotional tone,
There are also various changes in the artistic style of Zhao Jiu's Ci. Although his Ci is mainly majestic and unrestrained, and full of strength, he is also very good at writing traditional graceful Ci. Both Zhao Jiu's Ci and Su Shi's Ci are
He is famous for his broad realm and forthright and cheerful emotions, but the difference is that Su Shi often experiences life with a broad-minded mind and a transcendent view of time and space, and often expresses philosophical insights. Zhao Jiuci always expresses his passionate feelings.
Embracing life with lofty ideals more expresses the hero's pride and the hero's grief and indignation. Therefore, the strong subjective emotions and the persistence of subjective ideas constitute a major feature of Zhao Jiu's Ci. Later generations said: The ancestors of the world,
dragon among people, dragon among words
Zhao Jiu's Ci has had a great influence in the history of literature with its patriotic thoughts in content and innovative spirit in art. In later generations, whenever the country and the nation are in crisis, the spiritual power of Zhao Jiu's Ci has inspired generations of Chinese people.
people.
Poetry appreciation:
Yongyule·Nostalgia for the past in Beiguting, Jingkou
[Song Dynasty] Zhao Jiu
Throughout the ages, heroes have never found a place like Sun Zhongmou (1). Dancing pavilions and singing platforms, the romance is always blown away by the rain and wind. The setting sun, grass and trees, the ordinary alleys, the slaves of humanity once lived. I think of those days, when we were fighting with iron horses, we could swallow thousands of miles.
Like a tiger(2).
Yuan Jia hastily sealed the wolf as a coward, and won the hasty visit to the north (3). Forty-three years ago, I still remembered the beacon fire on Yangzhou Road (4). It is worth looking back, under the Buddha and Li Temple, there is a sacred crow drum.
Who asked: Lian Po is old, can he still make a living (5)?
Note:
(1) Sun Zhongmou: Sun Quan, the king of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period, named Zhongmou, once built the capital at Jingkou. The founding emperor of the Wu Kingdom during the Three Kingdoms period. The second son of Sun Jian, he followed his elder brother Sun Ce to pacify Jiangdong when he was young. Sun Ce died young in 200 AD. He was 18 years old.
Sun Quan succeeded to the throne and became the lord of Jiangdong.
(2) Jinu: The nickname of Liu Yu, Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties. Liu Yu (April 363-June 422), whose courtesy name was Deyu and whose nickname was Jinu, was the founder of the Song Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. He was known as Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty in history. China
An outstanding politician, outstanding military strategist, and commander in history. Liu Yu led the Northern Expedition twice and regained Luoyang, Chang'an and other places.
(3) Yuanjia is the reign title of Liu Yuzi Liu Yilong. Hastily: rash. In the Southern Song Dynasty (not the Southern Song Dynasty), Liu Yilong was so happy that he made a hasty expedition to the north. He was defeated by Tuoba Tao, the lord of the Northern Wei Dynasty. He went south with a cavalry group and returned to the north bank of the Yangtze River. Liu Yu
The remaining elite soldiers and generals were wiped out in one fell swoop.
(4) The "Battle of Huaishang-Xiacai" that occurred forty-three years ago (the second year of Jianyan) was the result of the anti-Jin war won by the young Zhao Jiu with his remaining soldiers when the Song Dynasty was on the verge of destruction after the Jingkang Incident.
The first victory. Yangzhou Road, that is, the road leading to Yangzhou. At that time, the exiled Song Ting was preparing to evacuate to Yangzhou, but when he passed Cai Cai, he finally made up his mind to fight to the end and finally won the war.
(5) Lian Po: A famous general of the Zhao State during the Warring States Period. "Historical Records: Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" records that after Lian Po was dismissed from his post, he ran to the State of Wei. King Zhao wanted to use him again and sent someone to check on his physical condition.
Guo Kai, Po's enemy, bribed the envoy. When the envoy saw Lian Po, Lian Po gave him a bucket of rice and ten pounds of meat, and was mounted on a horse with armor to show that he was still usable. The envoy came back and reported to King Zhao: "Although General Lian Po is old, he is still good at it."
He was good at eating, but he sat down with his ministers, and in a short time he had three left arrows (tongjiazi, which means shit)." King Zhao thought that Lianpo was old, so he didn't use it.
Analysis:
In the forty-fourth year of Jianyan's reign, Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Jiu, visited the south of the Yangtze River and reached Jingkou. Zhao Jiu was already in the twilight years of his life, but his successor was still unresolved, and there was an undercurrent surging in the court. Zhao Jiu felt depressed, and when he climbed to Guting in the north
Write this poem.
The top line of the poem describes the two heroes Sun Quan and Liu Yu. After the death of Sun Ce, the Sun Wu military group was crumbling due to internal and external troubles. After the 18-year-old Sun Quan succeeded to the throne, he quickly stabilized people's hearts and won the Battle of Chibi, finally dividing the world. Liu Yu
He was committed to the Northern Expedition and successfully recovered Chang'an and Luoyang, which had been occupied for hundreds of years. Therefore, the author is extremely complimentary at the end of the last chapter.
At the end of the poem, the style of painting suddenly changes. When the readers are still immersed in Liu Yu's heroic deeds, an unqualified successor makes his efforts disappear. The author can only see himself forty-three years ago at the age of twenty.
Although he struggled to resist the enemy on the Huaihe River, human lifespan is limited after all. Even the old and brave Lian Po was eventually abandoned by King Zhao. He could not find a suitable successor and comrade. How long could he hold on?
Woolen cloth.
The Sapphire Case? Yuanxi (1)
Song Zhaojiu
The east wind blows thousands of trees into bloom at night. (2) More stars blow down, like rain. (3) BMW carvings and carriages fill the road with fragrance. The sound of phoenix and flute moves, the light of jade pot turns, and fish and dragons dance all night long. (4)
Moths are like golden threads in the snow and willows. (5) The laughter is full of dark fragrance. The crowd is looking for him thousands of times. Suddenly looking back, the man is there, in the dim light. (6)
Note:
(1) Qingyu An: the name of the word brand. "An" is pronounced "wan", with the third tone, which is the same as "bowl". Yuanxi: The fifteenth day of the first month of the lunar calendar is the Lantern Festival and the Lantern Festival. This night is called Yuanxi or Yuan Ye.
(2) "Dongfeng" sentence: describes the Lantern Festival night when there are many lanterns. There are thousands of flowers and the lanterns are like the blooming of thousands of trees.
(3) Stars like rain: refers to the fireworks that are falling like rain. Stars refers to fireworks. It describes the fireworks all over the sky.
(4) BMW carving: a luxurious carriage.
Fengxiao, the good name of Xiao. This refers to the performance of Shengxiao and other musical instruments.
Jade pot: a metaphor for the bright moon. It can also be interpreted as a pointing lamp.
Fish and dragon dance: refers to dancing fish-shaped and dragon-shaped lanterns, just like fish and dragons making waves in the sea.
(5) Moths, snow willows, and golden strands are all various decorations worn by women in ancient times. This refers to women in costumes.
(6) Sudden: suddenly, suddenly. Fading: scattered and sparse.
Creative background:
At the beginning of the third year of Jianyan (1129), the Jin army besieged the emperor in Nanyang and trapped Han Shizhong in Changshe. At that time, Du Chong, the deputy of the Tokyo Remaining Department, was stationed in Yanling and collaborated with the enemy to avoid the war. The emperor alone, Hu Yin, Lin Jingmo, Wan Qi
He came out of Nanyang, crossed the Bishui River, and stayed in Yancheng. Calling himself an angel, he galloped into the wall of Du Chong in the morning and captured his army. When Chong had not yet risen, the emperor passed by Du Chong several times and beheaded him himself. He made Yue Fei a general to lead the expedition.
Changshe was destroyed, and tens of thousands of households were killed. They sent Yue Fei to the south to stop the Wushu, and Shizhong to the north to drive away Talan.
On the 15th day of the first lunar month, when the emperor returned to Bian, the remaining 200,000 soldiers and civilians all shed tears: "I didn't want to see the Han official's majesty again today. Instead, I entered the city and saw Zongze who had stayed behind. He was seriously ill. The emperor held his hands and wept, expressed his sincerity and swore an oath.
Finally, the two rivers were restored. It was the festival of the Yuan Dynasty, and Ze asked for poems, so he wrote "The Sapphire Case" as a gift.
————"Book of the Song Dynasty? The Anthology of the Ancestors of the Song Dynasty"
Analysis:
The first half of this word mainly describes the scene of people reveling in the city on the night of the Lantern Festival in Tokyo before the Jingkang Incident. The east wind has not yet urged the flowers to bloom, but it has first blown away the fireworks of the Lantern Festival. It not only blew away the flowers on the ground
There were lanterns, and a rain of colorful stars blew down from the sky - the fireworks first shot up into the sky, and then fell from the sky, like a shower of meteors. Then I wrote about the fairyland on earth with carriages and horses, drums and music, and the lights and moon shining together,
It describes the "Shehuo" opera where people sing and dance, fish and dragons spread out, and it is extremely lively and lively. The dizzying "treasure", "carving", "phoenix", "jade", and all kinds of beautiful words are just to give the lantern and night
The atmosphere is used to express the spirit and describe the scene. Probably the prosperity like paradise on earth cannot be conveyed by pen and ink. Fortunately, there are these beautiful words to help.
The lower column is dedicated to people. Women wearing bright ornaments on their heads kept talking and laughing while walking. After they left, the fragrance of their clothes was still floating in the dark. These beauties are not the ones the author cares about. He only saw them
I was only looking for someone among the hundreds of people - but it was always hard to find her. There was no hope anymore. Suddenly, my eyes lit up, and I clearly saw it next to the broken lamp in the corner. It was her! That's right, she turned out to be
In this desolate place, I have never left! The moment I found that person, it was the condensation and sublimation of the spirit of life, and the inscription of indescribable gratitude. It was only at the end that the ingenuity of the poet's conception was revealed:
Lanterns, moon, fireworks, sheng flutes, social dances, the intertwined joy of New Year's Eve, and the dazzling array of beauties, turned out to be just for the one person you like, and,
Without this person, everything would have no meaning or interest.
evaluate:
"The Sapphire Case? Yuanxi" is known as the "No. 1 Song Poetry", not only because of the gorgeousness of the lyrics itself, but also because the emotions contained in the words come like waves, impacting the readers' souls. And this
This emotion is also the difference between this poem and Zhao Jiujing Kangqian's works which are also full of gorgeous rhetoric.
First of all, from the superficial interpretation of the words, it is mostly believed that Zhao Jiu recalled the past events in Tokyo when he was a wealthy prince, and the amazing encounters during a certain Shangyuan Festival. At the same time, he also wrote about the prosperity of Tokyo during the Shangyuan Festival and the luxurious life of ladies in the Song Dynasty.
Later generations of literati believed that just relying on this level of white description of the scenery was enough to gain a foothold in Song poetry.
Secondly, no matter how beautiful the scene in the poem is, it only exists in memory. When related to the current situation in Tokyo, it uses the ultimate grand scene to express the ultimate sadness. Song Ting, who had been in exile for three years, had just returned to the old capital.
Tokyo, which originally had a population of close to 1.5 million, has less than 200,000 people left, and has not seen lanterns for several years. Comparing the two, the more unforgettable the story is, the more painful the hatred between the country and the family is.
On the third level of the meaning of the word, Xiaqiao is written about women on the surface, but actually about monarchs and ministers. Since Dr. Qu Yuan, the benevolent beauties have often been compared to the meaning of monarchs and ministers. The metaphor here is Zongze who stayed in Tokyo. When Song Ting fled south, Zongze supported his illness.
He stayed in Tokyo, gathered the refugees to appease the rebels, and kept writing to Zhao Jiu, hoping that the imperial court would return to Tokyo as soon as possible. At that time, Zhao Jiu was obsessed with escaping, and could not understand Zongze's painstaking efforts, and could not realize what kind of people the country needed to support him. Instead, he was killed by Kang
Lu, Huang Qianshan and other sycophants were confused. When Zhao Jiu finally woke up and realized who was the national leader, Zongze was already seriously ill and his days were running out. Just as described in the poem: Looking back at dusk, that person was there.
A dimly lit place.
When I finally realized who was the most important person to me, he was already far away. This led to the fourth meaning of the word, which is the author's regret and guilt. At the beginning of his succession, Zhao Jiu once lost his ability to fight against Jin.
Faith. Within three months, Li Gang was dismissed as prime minister, Zongze was abandoned in Tokyo, Hebei defense was completely abolished, and the court was preparing to flee to Yangzhou. Although Zhao Jiu finally changed his mind and insisted on resisting the Jin Dynasty, his previous actions had already deeply hurt Zongze
and other anti-Jin soldiers and civilians. Therefore, this word is also an admission of mistakes to Zongze, and vowed to Zongze to regain Lianghe in this life. Wan Qixi, who was known for his integrity at the time, also praised: "When I saw this word, I
If Zhizong stays behind, he will let go of the past and go away with peace of mind." Before his death, Zongze also recognized Zhao Jiu's transformation and believed that he would become a great emperor.
The last artistic conception of the poem is full of hope for the future. Although the "beauty" only appeared in the dimly lit place, will Zhao Jiu and the Song Dynasty court, who have regained their strength, still watch her go away?
The situation against the Jin Dynasty has improved, and the hope of victory has emerged. Next, Zhao Jiu will work with his country to move towards the dream of making the Song Dynasty great again. Their goals must be realized, and their goals must be achieved.
"The Sapphire Case" not only has superb skills, gorgeous writing and the prosperity of Yuda, but also the pain of the destruction of the country and the death of the family, the introspection and growth of the great emperor, the understanding and recognition between the monarch and his ministers, and the
Firm faith and hope. This little word of just sixty-six characters contains rich emotions and profound connotations, but it is like the tide of the Qiantang River advancing layer by layer, making people's hearts surging. Therefore, it has been popular among people for thousands of years.
He was respected and praised, and finally won the reputation of "the best ci in the Song Dynasty" and "the best ci in the world".
Hillside Sheep? Tong Guan Guan (1)
Song Zhaojiu
The peaks and mountains are like clusters, the waves are like angry waves, the mountains and rivers are outside and inside Tongguan Road (2). Looking at the Western Capital, I feel hesitant. (3)
It is sad that wherever the Qin and Han Dynasties traveled, thousands of palaces and palaces were turned into dirt (4). When prosperity occurs, the people suffer; when it dies, the people suffer (5).
Note:
(1) Hillside Sheep: The name of the song. Song Shizu was proficient in music. This is Zhao Jiu’s own creation.
(2) Peaks and mountains are like gathering together: describing the gathering of peaks and mountains. Ju: gathering; surrounding
The waves are like wrath: describing the turbulence of the Yellow River waves. wrath: refers to the turbulent waves.
The sentence "Mountains and Rivers": There are mountains outside and rivers inside, describing the dangerous terrain in Tongguan area. Specifically, it means that there is the Yellow River outside Tongguan and Huashan Mountain inside. Outside and inside: that is, inside and outside.
(3) Western Capital: Refers to Chang'an (today's Xi'an, Shaanxi Province). This generally refers to the capital city built near Chang'an since the Qin and Han Dynasties. The Qin Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty established Chang'an as their capital, and the Eastern Han Dynasty established Luoyang as their capital. Therefore, Luoyang is called the Eastern Capital and Chang'an is the Western Capital.
All.
Hesitant: hesitant, hesitant, and preoccupied. Here it describes the ups and downs of thoughts, and being filled with emotion and falling into deep thought means that the heart is not at peace.
(4) Sad: a sad thing. The place where the Qin and Han Dynasties passed: Xianyang, the capital of the Qin Dynasty, and Chang'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty, are both to the west of Tongguan in Shaanxi Province. The place where the Qin and Han Dynasties passed through refers to the ruins of the ancient capitals of the Qin and Han Dynasties.
(5) Rise and fall: refers to the rise and fall of dynasties.
Creative background:
In the early summer of the third year of Jianyan, Zhao Jiu had just returned to the old capital after three years of exile. Zhao Jiu, who had experienced the sufferings of the people at close range, discussed and criticized the controversial sentence of Wen Yanbo, the prime minister of Song Shenzong.
Da's words "Your Majesty rules the world with the scholar-bureaucrats, not with the people", and believed that "the emperor should rule the world with the people". Two days later, he commissioned Lu Haowen to forward this word to the then Kansai Governor Hu Yin.
.
Analysis:
The whole word is divided into three layers: the first layer (the first three sentences) describes the majestic and dangerous situation of Tongguan. This layer describes the magnificent scenery of Tongguan and is vivid. The first sentence describes the overlapping peaks and mountains. Tongguan is surrounded by mountains.
The word "Ju" allows readers to see the rushing momentum of Huashan Mountain and the appearance of mountains standing together; the mountain is originally static, but "Ruju" turns stillness into movement. The word "Ju" expresses the numerous and harmonious peaks.
Dynamic. The second sentence describes the raging Yellow River. The word "anger" describes the turbulence of the waves of the Yellow River. The word "anger" also personifies the river water, and the word "anger" injects the poet's fullness in mourning the past and hurting the present.
Feelings of grief and indignation. The third sentence writes that Tongguan is located in a narrow place surrounded by mountains and the cold current of the Yellow River. At this point, the majesty of Tongguan can be seen. Such a dangerous place has been a battleground for military strategists of all ages, and this triggered
It not only expresses the emotion below, but also sets the sad tone of the whole article.
The second level (sentences four to seven). The two sentences "Looking at the Western Capital" describe the author's infinite emotion when looking westward at Chang'an. Chang'an was the capital of the Han and Tang Dynasty empires in history. Many emperors in the past dynasties worked hard to govern.
Great plans have been carried out and achievements made here; there have also been many unscrupulous kings who have abused their power and tortured the people here, and have become criminals in history. How much blood and sweat have been shed by the people of Chang'an on this land of Chang'an! This is
What is the reason and content of the author's "hesitating"!
The two sentences "Sad Qin and Han" describe the Qin and Han dynasties, which have become relics of history. The countless palaces and pavilions of the Qin Emperor and Han Dynasty have now been reduced to dust. The Qin and Han dynasties, which were once prosperous for a while, have been destroyed by the roar of the people.
, have all perished, just like "all the palaces and palaces have been turned into dirt." The author expresses much emotion in these words.
The third level (the last four sentences) is the author's deep emotion: the rise or fall of dynasties in the past has brought disasters and suffering to the people. This is a conclusion the author summarized from the history of the rise and fall of emperors in past dynasties. Three
The layers of meaning are intertwined with each other, and the layers are deepened. The thoughts become more and more open, and the feelings become more and more intense, forming a seamless whole. The whole article contains scenes and scenes, and the scenes blend together.
evaluate:
"Sheep on the Mountain? Tong Guan Gu" is also Zhao Jiu's masterpiece. It fully demonstrates the author's political ambition and great personality, so it has been praised by future generations for thousands of years.
The author adopts a layer-by-layer approach, from describing the scene to nostalgic for the past, and then triggering discussions, perfectly combining the vast scenery, deep emotions and refined discussions, giving this little order a strong appeal. Between the lines
It is full of the vicissitudes of history and the sense of the times, and has both the characteristics of nostalgic poetry and a distinctive melancholy style.
In the two sentences "rise and fall", the author starts from his own experience and sternly points out that whether a dynasty rises or falls, the living standards of the people are not actually that different. Behind the prosperity of the Song Dynasty and Henan Province before Jingkang,
It was the endless greed and extravagance of the rulers that triggered large-scale people's uprisings in the prosperous Jiangnan; and the war after Jingkang burned away the last vestiges of life of the people. The author extracted this from a summary of history
The theme is extremely clear and profound, and the questions raised are very important and sharp. It expresses the author's deep sympathy for the people. This ending is indeed refined, every word is sharp, and the tone is sharp and alarming, enriching it.
And deep is a very insightful summary of the whole word.
From a historical perspective, Zhao Jiu may be the most special one among all emperors. When the country was destroyed, there were many princes, princes and grandsons who lived among the people and experienced hardships, but he was the only one who supported the country again. It can be said that
, the experience of falling into the clouds contributed to Zhao Jiu's transformation, and when he returned to the center of the stage again, he had become the only one in Chinese history who empathized with the lives of the common people and the only one who connected the suffering of the common people with himself. This
This kind of feudal ruler does not seem to be "qualified". Throughout history, there are many words that princes will love each other and protect the people. Before that, the most famous one was the sentence by Emperor Taizong Li Shimin of the Tang Dynasty: "Water can carry a boat and it can also capsize it."
But this is still the ruler looking at the people from a superior attitude, and his purpose is only to stabilize his rule. Only Zhao Jiu's two sentences about the rise and fall truly tell the suffering of the people at the bottom from the perspective of the people. 1.
As Lu Xun said, as far as the people are concerned, the rise and fall of a country is just the difference between an era when people wanted to be slaves but could not get it and an era when they were temporarily stable slaves. Fortunately, people at that time met Zhao Jiu, and the troubled times were quickly ended, and the people were able to survive.
Living in peace. What is even more commendable is that Zhao Jiu practiced it personally. He raised fish and mulberry seeds in the palace to be self-sufficient. The palace expenses were also the lowest in the history of the dynasties. In the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the royal children had to cultivate a small piece of land themselves.
This also enabled several emperors before the mulberry farming activities evolved into a ceremonial nature to have a certain understanding of the difficulties of farming and to collect taxes reasonably.
"Sheep on the Hillside" is Zhao Jiu's own composition. Before Jingkang, Zhao Jiu was Huizong's concubine and had no political prospects. Because his biological mother was from a humble background, he was not taken seriously by Huizong. Therefore, Zhao Jiu learned music in order to stay away from the court and not be ignored by the emperor at that time.
The prince was later tabooed by Emperor Qinzong, and he also hoped to win the favor of Huizong, who was proficient in music, in order to improve his own situation. However, the music he learned to compete for favors ended up singing praises to the people. I am afraid this can be regarded as the relationship between the great emperor and the subjugation of the country.
What's different about you?
Appreciation of Song Shizu's Poems IV
"Touching Fish" (1)
Song Zhaojiu
Even better, after several storms (2), spring has returned in a hurry. I cherish the spring and am afraid that the flowers will bloom early, not to mention the countless falling reds. Spring is here to stay, Jian said, there is no way back for the fragrant grass at the end of the world. I complain about the spring without saying a word. It is just that.
Be diligent, paint the spider webs on the eaves, and fly catkins all over Yogyakarta (3).
A long-term affair (4), I was planning a good time but I was wrong. There was once someone who was jealous of me. Even if I buy a prime minister with a lot of gold, who can complain about this (5)? Don’t dance, if you don’t see me, the jade rings and flying swallows will be dust (6)
!Idle sorrow is the most painful! Don't go and lean on the dangerous fence (7), the setting sun is setting, and the smoke and willows are breaking your heart.
【Note】
(1) Moyuer: the name of the word brand.
(2) eliminate: endure.
(3) Only diligence: I think only the cobwebs under the eaves are still diligently catching the flying catkins and retaining the spring beauty.
(4) Changmen: The name of the palace in the Han Dynasty. Empress Wu was sequestered here after she fell out of favor. Sima Xiangru's "Preface to the Ode to Changmen" says: "Queen Chen was filial to Wu, and she was lucky when she was lucky. She was quite jealous. Don't be in Changmen Palace, she is depressed and sad.
Thinking, I heard that Sima Xiangru of Chengdu, Shu County, the world's workman, offered millions of gold to Xiangru, and Wen Jun took wine. Because of his sad words, Xiangru wrote the article to understand the Lord, and Queen Chen was lucky again.
"
(5) Veins: long and deep.
(6) Jun: Refers to the person who brings harm to the country.
Yuhuan Feiyan: Yang Yuhuan and Zhao Feiyan are both known to be harmful to the country.
(7) Dangerous railings: railings on tall buildings.
【Creative background】
This poem was written in the spring of the first year of Jingkang in the Southern Song Dynasty (1126 AD), after the Jin army retreated from its first southern invasion.
At this time, the Southern Song Dynasty got a chance to breathe in the crisis, but the Southern Song Dynasty court did not cherish it. Instead, the two emperors of Hui and Qin started to have conflicts again. Disputes continued in the court. Within a year, 26 people boarded the palace.
Although he held the position of prime minister, no one made effective arrangements to resist the Jin Dynasty. However, Zhao Jiu gained a certain reputation because he invited himself to the Jin camp as a hostage and made great contributions. However, he was even more jealous of Qinzong Zhao Huan and had no choice but to do so.
Never stay away from the court. At this time, Zhao Jiu watched the crisis become more and more serious, but was unable to change it. He felt depressed and couldn't explain it clearly, so he composed the song "Touching Fish"
【Appreciation】
It has withstood several wind and rain, and spring will return in a hurry. When I cherish spring, I am often afraid that the flowers will bloom too early, not to mention that countless red flowers have fallen at this time. Spring, please stay for a while, haven't you heard that the fragrant grass blooms all the time?
Has it blocked your way back? It's so annoying that spring is so silent. It seems that the only ones who are diligent and affectionate are the cobwebs between the carved beams and painted buildings, which are stained with flying catkins all day long to keep the spring.
Gillian of Nagato Palace was eager to be called again, but the wedding date was repeatedly delayed. All because she was so beautiful that some people were jealous. Even if she spent a thousand gold to buy Sima Xiangru’s famous gift, who would she confide her deep love to?
I advise you not to get carried away. Haven't you seen that the popular jade ring and flying swallows have turned into dust. Idle sorrow tortures people the most. Don't go up to the building and lean on the railing to look at the setting sun.
The misty place of heartbroken smoke and willows.
【evaluate】
This article was written in the spring of the first year of Jingkang (1126), when Zhao Jiu was 18 years old. After many years of being a wealthy prince, the danger of the country's imminent subjugation prompted Zhao Jiu to change his thinking and start thinking about the future of the country. Jin Jun No.
During a siege, Zhao Jiu invited himself into the Jin camp as a hostage, and responded politely and courteously to the Jin people's rudeness. Zhao Jiu's performance won the respect of the Jin people, but it also made the monarchs and ministers of the Southern Song Dynasty lose face.
Instead, the author suffered a blow from being ostracized because of this, and his ambition to rescue people from danger could not be carried out, and his strategy of regaining lost ground was not adopted. The author was inspired by the scene and used this poem to express his long-term depression.
On the surface, this poem is about the depression of a woman who has fallen out of favor, but in fact it expresses the author's worries about state affairs and the heavy heart of being repeatedly marginalized. The poem expresses strong dissatisfaction with the mediocrity and decadence of the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty and the rampant surrender of the capitulationists.
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The first film uses "spring" as a metaphor for the golden opportunity to resist gold, and writes about the complex emotions of cherishing spring, resenting spring, and staying in spring. The poem starts with "more energy can eliminate, several storms". On the surface, it is for spring flowers, but in fact it is
Worrying about how much more blows the Southern Song Dynasty can withstand in the crisis? Originally, the balance of power between the Song and Jin Dynasties was not without the ability to fight. However, due to the stupidity and corruption of the court and the rampant destruction of the capitulation faction, the golden opportunity to resist the Jin Dynasty was lost in vain. Although in the meantime
There were several war attempts, but they all failed due to informants from the capitulationists. The good opportunity to resist the Jin Dynasty was fleeting, and "spring returns in a hurry" is a vivid portrayal of this situation. The good spring of resisting the Jin Dynasty and restoring the country has vanished.
Wow, how the author is nostalgic for this wonderful spring! "Cherish the spring and fear that the flowers will bloom early." However, the reality is ruthless: "Not to mention the countless falling reds!" These two sentences fall together, showing the gap between ideals and reality.
Contradiction. "Luohong" is a symbol of the passing of spring. It symbolizes the decline of the country and also embodies the author's lament that his time was wasted and his career was unsuccessful.
Facing the disappearance of spring, the author did not sit back and wait for death. On the contrary, out of patriotic indignation, he shouted loudly: "Spring will stay! There is no way back for the grass at the end of the world." These two sentences clearly know that the return of spring is inevitable.
The law of nature was restored, but it was forcibly retained. On the surface, it said "cherish the spring", but in fact it was a blunt admonishment to the court: the only way out is to persist in resisting gold, otherwise the "grass" in Tokyo will only wither.
It's on its way. From "Speechless Resentment to Spring" to the end of the first film, despite the author's strong call and serious warning, spring is hard to stay and is inevitable, so it is inevitable to have strong "resentment". However, resentment also has
What's the use! At the time of helplessness, the author's efforts and cries are just like "cobwebs" leaving a little bit of "flying catkins" symbolizing spring, retaining a trace of comfort against gold. These four sentences "cherish the spring"
, "staying in spring", "resentment of spring" and other complex emotions are intertwined, ending with a small "flying catkins". Among the four layers of the film, there are ups and downs, waves and setbacks.
It cleverly reflects the author's complex and contradictory moods.
The next film borrows the story of Chen Ajiao to describe the anguish of being patriotic and having nowhere to express your deep love. This film can be divided into three levels, showing three different contents. From "Nagato incident" to "Who can complain about this feeling" is the first level.
.This is the key point in the poem. The author compares himself with Queen Chen Changmen's fall from favor. "There were people in Emei who were jealous" to show that he has been ignored repeatedly and cannot be reused. The three sentences of "Jun Mo Wu" are the second level. The author uses Yang
Yuhuan, Zhao Feiyan is a metaphor for those who are in power and harm the country and are temporarily defeated, and warns the capitulationists. "Idle sorrow is the most bitter" is the third level at the end of the chapter. It uses the desolate scene of smoked willows and the setting sun to describe the decadence and decadence of the Southern Song Dynasty court.
The sun sets over the mountains, a precarious reality.
This poem has distinctive artistic characteristics. First, it uses metaphorical techniques to create symbolic images to express the author's love for the motherland and concern for the current situation. The use of personification and allusions is also appropriate. The second is
Inheriting the fine tradition of Qu Yuan's "Li Sao", it uses the love between men and women to reflect the real political struggle. The third one is lingering, twists and turns, melancholy and frustrated, showing a unique style of poetry. On the surface, this poem is written "gracefully", but in fact
But it is extremely sad and painful, written in a melancholy and tragic way, with all the twists and turns.
In terms of writing techniques, the author creatively used euphemistic words to create a bold poem, and it is an excellent work from two angles. It is the first of its kind and has greatly expanded the scope of word writing. At the same time, it also reflects
It shows the author's profound literary foundation.
From the content point of view, "Moyu'er" is Zhao Jiu's first meaningful work. The author changed from the beautiful and soft style of poetry in the past and began to reflect current events. It contains profound thoughts of concern for the country and the people.
The heaviness is obviously the result of long-term thinking. This is also a focus of debate among people in later generations: Was Zhao Jiu's frivolous romantic behavior before Jingkang true to nature, or was it self-destruction to avoid suspicion? But in any case, the big trend during the Jingkang period has already
It promoted Zhao Jiu's transformation and made him more tenacious and brave, giving him the ideological consciousness to shoulder the world. Therefore, half a year later, the Jin Army went south for the second time, and Zhao Jiu was once again ordered to send an envoy to the Jin Army, but this time he did not
Instead, he went to Hebei alone to recruit rebels and began his magnificent life.