Chapter Three Hundred and Sixty-Three Mohist Masters
Nowadays, there are many schools of thought within the Qin State. As early as the time of King Zhaoxiang, Zhao Kuo proposed the idea of absorbing hundreds of schools of thought for the use of the Qin State. King Zhaoxiang also recognized this proposal. Therefore, the State of Qin invited many
Scholars came to Qin. Except for the most stubborn Chu Mo, disciples from other schools came to Qin. Qin changed its past style and began to pay attention to the influence of these schools.
Among them, the biggest changes were between Qin Mo and Qi Mo. The State of Qin provided Qin Mo with a residence and provided financial and other support. Of course, the State of Qin also saw results. Qin Mo first created paper, and over the years, it has also
The original material of bamboo was changed into broken fishing nets, hemp and other waste products, which greatly reduced the cost of papermaking and allowed paper, a new organism, to be promoted in the Qin State.
Later, Qin Mo cooperated with farmers and made a plow and improved agricultural machinery.
Zhao Kuo's closest cooperation in the Qin State was with the farmers and the Mohist family. He cooperated with the farmers in breeding and artificial pollination, and naturally he worked with the Mohist family to develop advanced equipment. Zhao Kuo told the Mohist family everything he knew.
It just depends on whether they can build it. On this day, Zhao Kuo was standing by the stream outside Taoshan with many ink masters. Zhao Kuo raised his head and looked at the waterwheel in front of him.
The principle of the waterwheel is very simple. It is to continuously move the wheel through the water flow. The water will be poured on the wooden board through the wooden barrel hanging on the wheel, and then flow to both sides of the bank through the wooden board to achieve the purpose of irrigation... Today
, the Mohist family wanted to test whether the water wheel could work. When the Mohist disciples removed the pillars on both sides and retreated to their own positions, Zhao Kuo was also looking at the wheel carefully.
They tried many times and found that it was not easy to make the wheels rotate by the water flow. If the water flow was too fast, the wheels would be swept away. If the water flow was insufficient, the wheels would not be able to rotate. Therefore, they had to choose the right position and design the wheels well.
The size of the problem involves all aspects of factors. Many things are like this. It seems very simple, but when you actually do it, you will realize the trouble.
Under the constant impact of the water flow, the wheel slowly rotated. The wooden bucket hanging on the wheel was filled with water. When the wheel completed one rotation, the water flowed on the wooden board, and then slowly
The water flowed to both sides of the bank, and everyone remained motionless. They just stared wide-eyed and held their breath. Only when the water finally dripped onto the land along the bank did everyone cheer. This time, they finally succeeded.
Everyone gathered around the waterwheel and chatted excitedly. The power of water inspired them a lot.
The power of water seems to be able to do many things, not just make the wheels turn... Zhao Kuo was chatting with several friends from his Mo family when he heard one of them say: "Nowadays, most of the iron tools are smelted.
With the blast furnace, craftsmen from the Chu State previously placed skin bags on the side of the blast furnace, lined up in a row, and used human power to push the wind to speed up the smelting... Now I have an idea, if such a furnace is also set up.
wheel...."
"The circular motion is converted into linear reciprocating motion through the wheel axle, pull rod and rope, so as to achieve the purpose of blowing the air... I don't know if it is possible?"
Zhao Kuo's eyes widened. He thought about it seriously. He thought it would be a good idea to give it a try. Zhao Kuo said, "You can go to the Prime Minister's Mansion and put forward your own ideas, ask for funding, or find a few more people to discuss with you.
Your idea is quite good. If the Prime Minister's Office does not agree, you can come to me and I will talk to Marquis Wenxin." Mo Zhe seemed a little flattered and hurriedly agreed to Zhao Kuo.
The Mohists of the Qin State abandoned, or rather hid, many of Mohist's thoughts and political opinions, mainly inheriting Mozi's achievements in scientific research and spirit of exploration. It is precisely because of this that they were long-term admirers of the Qin Dynasty.
The country accepted it, and Zhao Kuo brought them something different. Zhao Kuo always had a lot of fantastic ideas. He could come up with some machines that no one had ever thought of, which also opened up the Qin Dynasty.
They also began to think about Mo's thoughts.
They even proposed many things that Zhao Kuo did not know, such as the idea of hydraulic smelting proposed by this craftsman.
While Zhao Kuo was chatting with these Mohists, suddenly a man drove to the river. He jumped off the carriage and hurried to Zhao Kuo's side. This person was Qi. The Mohists here were also
Knowing Qi, they all paid homage to him. Since Qin State began to invite scholars from various countries, in order to properly arrange them, Qin State established Xianyang Academy in Xianyang, which was naturally modeled after Jixia Academy.
But the Xianyang Academy of Qin State is different from Jixia Academy. This huge academy established by King Zhaoxiang is government-run. Compared with the academic exchange base of Jixia Academy, it is more like
The State of Qin selected a talent pool from scholars from all over the country. At the same time, Xianyang Academy was also responsible for arranging for incoming scholars, supporting them financially, supervising and supervising them, and assessing these people.
In the past, Mao Jiao, a guest from Qi State, was in charge of Xianyang Academy. Mao Jiao was courageous and outspoken, and won Lu Buwei's trust. However, after the King of Qin took charge, the King of Qin arranged for his confidant Qi to
In this position, Xianyang Academy was a well-established work unit, not a place for academic exchanges. Qineng's appointment here was the greatest trust of the King of Qin.
The King of Qin probably also valued these foreign scholars, so he replaced them with his confidants.
Qi came to Zhao Kuo's side, then lowered his voice and said: "Teacher, the Mohists from Qi State want to meet you... They also brought some bad news." Qi hesitated to speak.
, still did not say it clearly, Zhao Kuo frowned, and asked: "What bad news is it?", Qi then said: "Xunzi passed away in Qi State..." Zhao Kuo was stunned, and his heart suddenly changed.
It has to be a little depressing.
"well..."
Zhao Kuo sighed, and he was speechless. Xunzi was the person he respected the most, and he was also the person who understood him best in the world. Xunzi could understand his thoughts, and sometimes would encourage him to complete his goals.
Zhao Kuo's ambition. Xunzi sat beside him several times, but Zhao Kuo always felt that he was a little far away from him. Now, Xunzi had really left him.
Zhao Kuo couldn't describe that feeling. He just lowered his head and said nothing.
Qi did not disturb the teacher. Zhao Kuo quietly looked at the water in the distance and the slowly turning wheels... He pondered for a long time before turning around and leaving. Qi followed behind him, and both of them got on.
The carriage, Zhao Kuo looked into the distance and said: "It's a pity that I can no longer sit and debate with Xunzi... Do you know? The death of a person like Xunzi is a misfortune for the whole world...
If only there were more people like Xunzi in the world..."
"Teacher, you are like this too."
"Me? How can I be compared with Xunzi?" Zhao Kuo shook his head, but said nothing. They returned to Xianyang, and Qi talked about those Qi Mo again. The Qi Mo who came this time was regarded as the backbone of Qi Mo.
There were more than twenty people, and the leader was named Tian Xuan, who was a public aristocrat from Qi State. Qi didn't quite understand why a public aristocrat would become the leader of the Mohist family.
Generally speaking, the leaders of Mo Zhe are not from very high backgrounds, and Qi Mo is an exception. According to Qi Mo, these Qi Mo's clothes are very extraordinary and somewhat luxurious. If they didn't say anything, it would be almost impossible to tell that they are people.
Mohists, but they inherited many of the Mohist theories in great detail. As soon as they arrived in Qin, they had some conflicts with Qin Mo and had several debates. Of course, Qin Mo, who was only good at hands-on work, could not defeat them.
.
Qi said: "I saw Qi Mo coming menacingly, and I'm afraid they are looking for you with bad intentions."
Zhao Kuo did not speak. He had met Qi Mo before. If Qin Mo inherited the Mohist's practical ability, then Qi Mo inherited the academic attainments. Because the Mohist's academic attainments were relatively messy, Qi Mo inherited
The same is true for Qi Mo. They inherited logic, mechanics, physics, and philosophical thoughts on funerals, universal love, etc. Qi Mo's people are small, but they have many shining points.
Sitting on Qi's carriage, Zhao Kuo came to Xianyang Academy. Because Xianyang Academy was located on the west side of Xianyang, it was also called the Western Academy by the locals. When Zhao Kuo came to the door, he heard the sharp Qi accent coming from inside. Zhao Kuo
Zhao Kuo's carriage entered the school, and everyone who saw him bowed to him. Zhao Kuo saw at a glance the scribes standing outside the courtyard and accusing Qin Mo. It seemed that they were those Qi Mo.
.
Zhao Kuo saw them, and of course they also noticed Zhao Kuo. Several of them looked at him in surprise and seemed a little excited. The carriage stopped. Zhao Kuo got off the carriage and walked in front of them. He saw these people in front of him.
Qi Mo stared at him motionless. Zhao Kuo took the lead in leaning forward to salute, but Qi Mo just stared at him blankly and did not return the salute. This move made Qi, who was standing behind Zhao Kuo, furious.
Qi was about to reprimand when he saw Tian Xuan, the leader, hurriedly bowing to see him, and the rest of the people also bowed one after another, without the arrogance they had just now. Zhao Kuo then smiled and asked them all to sit down, and he also sat on their
In front of him, Tian Xuan looked at him and wanted to say something. He hesitated for a moment and then said seriously: "You are a world-famous gentleman, but why do you want to interfere in Mohist affairs and tamper with Mohist doctrines? Is this the case?
Is this what a gentleman does?"
"Oh? When have I ever done such a thing?"
"You said: The Mohist family understands ghosts, but actually does not believe in the theory of ghosts and gods, denies destiny, and advocates human status... I want you to know that Qi Mo believes in the existence of ghosts and gods! The Mohist family is not just Qin Mo's family!", Tian Xuan
Zhao Kuo shook his head and said seriously: "If the Mohists believed in ghosts and gods, then Mozi would not have said: 'There is no such thing as fate, which arranges people's wealth, life and death, will and chance. Everything is done by people themselves.
'It is inevitable and reasonable', it is obvious that Mozi did not believe in destiny or ghosts and gods."
"The reason why he said there are souls and ghosts and gods is just because of his benevolent thoughts. He saw the monarchs killing people for no reason and massacres occurred in wars, so he wanted to use ghosts and gods to alert the monarchs and generals and make them afraid.
, feel that killing innocent people is ominous. You don’t inherit Mozi’s benevolence, but you are obsessed with whether there are ghosts and gods in the world? Isn’t this absurd??”
Zhao Kuo asked back, and at this moment, Qi saw Qi Mo taking out the banknotes and recording them secretly. Qi suddenly felt something was wrong.
Tian Xuan couldn't help but nodded. Suddenly, he asked with a straight face again: "Then you said that the Mohist school was the first school to advocate one king for the world. What do you mean by that?"
Zhao Kuo said seriously: "What Mozi said about Shangtong and Tianzhi can be seen. I heard that when Mozi was still around, schools of thought were competing with each other. The same was true between the same schools of thought. Confucianism at that time
, because of the death of Confucius, all kinds of strange explanations were given to the same idea of Confucius. Mozi was very angry. He believed that to end the ideological confusion, he proposed a grand unification... This kind of unification certainly includes the country.
On the level.”
"I heard that Mozi said: Craftsmen always need a unit scale as a measurement for construction. A skilled craftsman can be completely accurate. Although an unlucky craftsman cannot be completely accurate, but if he acts according to the scale, the effect is still better than relying solely on his own personal ability and subjective freedom.
Exploration... Therefore, we must determine the order according to the operating principles of nature and society, and let everyone follow it without distinction. Isn't this what I call now one king of the world?"
"Yes!" Tian Xuan nodded, and soon he stopped smiling again.
Qi looked at the writers who were taking notes and felt a little angry. Are you here to debate or to learn??!
Tian Xuan asked again: "Mozi once said: Li is the name for weight... Do you know what this means?"
Zhao Kuo looked at him with some confusion and said: "Of course I know... This is the relationship between gravity and weight... This is a very advanced idea..." Zhao Kuo thought for a moment, and he had no idea about science.
Although he could not remember clearly, he still knew about weight and gravity. He had to explain his thoughts in short words, "There is gravity between everything... This is why apples fall down instead of flying up to the sky.
..”
"The force exerted by the earth's attraction is called gravity, and the measure of the gravity exerted by an object is called weight... For example, if two stones of different sizes fall from one place at the same time, they must fall to the ground at the same time.
..”
Qi Mo's eyes widened, and they all buried their heads in recording.
"This was proposed by Mozi himself, don't the second and third sons know about it??" Zhao Kuo looked at them blankly.
They looked at each other for a few times, and Tian Xuan stood up helplessly and said: "What the ancestors said was too rough...many of them were mentioned in one stroke. After the Mohist school was divided, many books became a little different, making it even more difficult to understand.
...To this day, we, Qi Mo, are the only ones who are still immersed in studying Mo Sutra... But our number is not large, and the older and wiser people are even rarer..."
"Alas...this is what Mozi was worried about when he proposed Shang Tong."
Tian Xuan's face turned red with embarrassment and he did not dare to raise his head.
