Because of different geographical environments, two completely different cultures, farming and nomadic, have emerged on the land of China. Of course, fishing and hunting are also included. These different cultures have had a great impact on China. Because Xia
Many scholars have made their own judgments on the continuity and discontinuity of the Shang and Zhou dynasties. Some academic opinions believe that the Shang was an alien nomadic civilization. This is because there is a huge discontinuity between the Xia and the Shang.
Various technologies in the Shang Dynasty developed rapidly, and could even be said to have appeared suddenly without a development process. For example, cars, for example, have been excavated countless times by scholars, but no cars have been found in strata earlier than the Yin Ruins. Therefore, some scholars believe that
Businessmen came from other regions, and the discovery of the Kermqi culture in Xinjiang also proves that there were exchanges between ancient civilizations before the Silk Road was formed.
Together with the ancient chariots unearthed from the tomb of Lucha Shen, scholars have concluded that the Shang came from outside the Central Plains and were the conquerors of the Xia.
There is no conclusion yet on whether this view is correct, and this has given rise to a new question, that is, the origin of the Xiongnu. Taishi generally believes that the Xiongnu are the descendants of the original Xia people. This statement is not considered nonsense by Taishi, because in the Xiongnu themselves
According to legend, after the demise of the Xia Dynasty, Chunwei, the son of Xia Jie, led some of the survivors of the Xia Dynasty to flee to the north, and gradually annexed other tribes by slightly advancing their high technologies, thus forming the Xiongnu.
During the archaeological excavations on the origin of the Xiongnu, some scholars were surprised to point out the similarities between Xia and Xiongnu cultures.
No matter what happened in the past, at this time, the Huns were the biggest enemies of all the countries in the Central Plains. Before the Xiongnu were seen, the grasslands of Northeast Asia were divided by many clans and tribes of different sizes. These tribes fought with each other and could not form a large scale.
, the Xiongnu brought the concept of tribal alliance here. Well, this tribal alliance is what academics consider the political system of the Xia Dynasty... Subsequently, three relatively large tribal alliances appeared on the grasslands.
Distributed in the southeastern region of the grassland is the Donghu Tribe Alliance (some scholars believe it is one of the Mongolian ancestors). Distributed to the west of Lake Baikal is the Dingling Tribe Alliance (some scholars believe it is one of the Uyghur ancestors). It is distributed in the north and south of the Yinshan Mountains, including Hetao.
To the south is the Xiongnu Alliance. Of course, there are other tribal alliances, but they are slightly farther away from the Central Plains. At this moment, the Xiongnu has begun to gradually become stronger.
The Xiongnu learned about the news of Qin's troop dispatch very quickly. Although when they knew about it, the enemies had already approached the Yinshan Mountains, but this also made them well prepared, in order to prevent the scattered tribes from being attacked one by one by the powerful enemy.
After learning the news, the Xiongnu Chanyu ordered all tribes to gather to deal with the powerful enemy. King Zuo Xian and King You Xian also began to lead their tribesmen to gather.
Women, children and the elderly who have no fighting ability will take their livestock away from the battlefield.
The previous battle with Li Mu frightened the Huns, and they did not dare to go south to plunder for more than ten years. But now the enemy general is still the same Li Mu as before. The Huns did not dare to be careless at all. Several tribal leaders proposed to retreat. Although they had
However, it is not impossible to abandon the gathering place. They do not need to engage in direct battle with the enemy. As soon as this proposal came out, the Xiongnu Chanyu rejected it.
It's not that this makes him feel ashamed, it's just that he feels that this is a good opportunity to defeat his enemy.
Originally, when Li Mu defeated the Huns, he used a strategy to make them blind first, and then waited until they reached Yanmen before closing the door and beating the dogs. But now, it was Li Mu who took the initiative to lead the army out and left the tall city wall. The Huns alone
Yu thought this was a good opportunity for him. Today's Chanyu is not an ordinary person. He is called Touman... He is the Chanyu who entered the slave society from primitive society.
Under his rule, the Xiongnu gradually became the overlord of the northern grasslands. The word Touman also represents the quantifier "ten thousand" in the languages of many ethnic groups today. It is pronounced similarly: "tuman". At the beginning, it probably meant ten thousand.
Such a concept is above people, and Chanyu is not the name of the Xiongnu itself. It is pronounced like: "tanrkot", which means "Son of Heaven" in the language of modern nations. The literal translation is what God expects.
So Touman Shanyu, the King of Kings? Sitting in the tent, the pseudo-King of Kings is discussing with his warriors how to defeat his enemies.
Thinking of Li Mu, the enemy, Touman Shanyu felt a little scared. When his father led the army to attack Zhao, he was hit on the head by Li Mu and fled back to the country. He died of illness not long after. Speaking of which, Li Mu was Touman's father-killing enemy.
But Touman himself didn't have a good impression of his father. He believed that his father was an incompetent coward. Li Mu had to kill him so that he could ascend the throne early. He should even thank Li Mu.
"Chanyu, the enemy who has always been doing his duty suddenly launched an attack. This means God's punishment... It must be because we neglected the sacrifice. The witch who knows how to communicate with God said: Shanyu's son was just born, and there were enemies before him.
Come to attack us, this means bad luck, you can kill your son born this year to sacrifice to heaven." The shaman who knew divination said seriously to Shanyu.
When Touman heard this, he couldn't help laughing. He shook his head and said with a smile: "I didn't expect that a child without teeth could actually trigger such a war? I called you here to discuss how to defeat us.
We are enemies, not to sacrifice to the gods. Although war and sacrifice are both important, we must fight first and then sacrifice after victory. Please don't forget this."
"Alas, your newborn son, Maodun, will bring you disaster sooner or later. This is God's warning..." Wu shook his head and sighed, but did not continue to persuade Touman. Touman looked at
Several of his own warriors, he said seriously: "Li Mu is a powerful enemy. We cannot make the big mistake that old Chanyu made. We must pay attention to him. He has just left the city wall and came to the grassland. We cannot follow him now."
Fight by force."
"We give up our current territory and retreat while fighting..." As soon as Touman spoke, a warrior said angrily: "How can you escape without fighting? Is Li Mu so scary to you?"
Touman didn't even look at him and continued: "We have to consume their food and constantly harass them so that they have no way to rest and no time to take their horses to drink water. We will wait until they are exhausted and have no food.
, when we are ready to return, we can take the opportunity to attack and leave them all on the grassland. I respect Li Mu very much, so I will take off his skull and make it into a wine bottle to express my greatest respect."
This is not Touman's nonsense. The Huns and Qin people also have something in common. They both like to behead people. The difference is that the Qin people beheaded for military merit, while the Huns seemed to behead for sacrifice. They not only beheaded their enemies.
, sometimes they would also chop off the heads of their own people to offer sacrifices. For example, when a Chanyu dies, his wife will be sacrificed... and they usually keep those noble heads to make wine vessels to show their bravery.
and respect for opponents.
This habit was later inherited by many grassland ethnic groups....
In response to the enemy's condition, Touman Shanyu formulated a harassment tactic of fighting and retreating at the same time. Li Mu's idea of seducing the enemy went bankrupt before it even started. When Zhao Kang and Sima Shang came to the grassland with their troops, basically
All they encountered were small groups of Xiongnu troops. They relied on their riding and archery skills to attack quickly. After shooting a few rounds of arrows, they quickly fled... Zhao Kang and Sima Shang looked at their infantry and gritted their teeth.
My teeth are broken, but there is nothing I can do.
They can't catch up with the enemy.
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The harassment tactics of the Huns did not give Zhao Kang any rest time at all. The endless harassment seriously affected the marching speed and the morale of the army. It was really frustrating to be beaten passively but unable to fight back.
..However, Zhao Kang and Sima Shang still achieved results. On the one hand, they captured many "cities" along the way, or the gathering points of the Xiongnu.
After the Xiongnu established their country, they set up cities in various places. Their cities were very simple and did not have tall walls, but they had simple defensive measures, usually to defend against the plunder of other tribal alliances. Many achievements unearthed in modern times are also
This proves that the Huns were not the migratory empire that people imagined. They had fixed territories and clear territorial differentiation, and each place had its own officials to govern.
Touman Chanyu did not like sacrifices, so he put slaves captured from various places in these gathering points and asked them to farm for the Huns, thereby increasing the strength of the Huns themselves. Today, most of these simple cities are
It was empty, and the Huns simply abandoned it. Zhao Kang occasionally encountered the Huns who were too late to be dismissed, and also encountered escaped slaves. Zhao Kang kept moving forward.
At the same time, Zhao Kang also organized a group of cavalry through the horses he obtained, hoping to fight back against the Huns' harassment. Zhao Kang's army was large, and it was precisely because of this that the Huns could launch harassment and attacks from all directions.
In order to deal with such harassment, Zhao Kang arranged the infantry and crossbowmen in a reasonable manner. With the captains of each department as the leaders, they could counterattack without waiting for orders.
Zhao Kang divided the originally solidified army into countless small armies. Sima Shang was very opposed to it at first. This was too risky and might cause huge casualties and even affect the current strategy. However, after Zhao Kang insisted on issuing the order,
The situation improved. When the Xiongnu cavalry came galloping and prepared to shoot arrows, the Qin captain hurriedly gave the order. The infantry raised their shields high, and the crossbowmen hurriedly fired arrows. Several captains cooperated with each other and attacked together.
.
The rest of the troops continued to advance. This did not affect the speed of advance, but it would bring the risk of being eaten by a small army. However, Sima Shang was surprised to find that the personal qualities of Qin's grassroots officers were quite high, and they would hardly make any mistakes.
What a big mistake. Compared with Zhao's military officers, the Qin State's military commanders could lead five thousand people to fight in Zhao State! This is not an exaggeration, because the Qin State's officers all came from the battlefield.
Yes, the position he has taken away, the higher the position, the more terrifying the strength.
Qin dared to implement strategies that other countries did not dare to implement. This is because of this high-quality army. Qin itself is an army, and its officers are of course very good.
In this way, the harassment of the Huns turned into the Qin people taking the opportunity to eat meat. The Huns looked at the heads on the Qin people's shoulders, and their eyes were shining. The Qin people looked at the heads on the Huns' shoulders, and their eyes were extremely hot.
...Both sides began beheading on a small scale. When the Qin people adapted to the Xiongnu attack tactics, the Xiongnu rode horses and were often enveloped by arrows before they could shoot arrows, leaving both men and horses in place.
.
The Qin people sneered, surprise, the crossbow in my hand has a farther range than you!
Touman Shanyu soon discovered something was wrong, because the casualties of the Huns' cavalry who went out to harass suddenly increased, and some even stopped coming back once they left. This frightened him very much. He did not expect that Li Mu and his infantry could do this.
After causing such great damage to himself, Touman Chanyu stopped his harassment tactics and began to personally lead his cavalry to attack "Li Mu". Naturally, Zhao Kang did not know this.
When Zhao Kang's army left Yinshan and headed for the Royal Court, Zhao Kang finally knew what boundless cavalry meant.
Looking around, all Zhao Kang could see were cavalry. Almost everywhere Zhao Kang could see, there were cavalry. The army hurriedly began to form a formation, preparing to deal with the enemy in the distance. Touman Chanyu squinted his eyes and looked at
The Qin army in the distance gave an order, and the cavalry began to charge. When hundreds of thousands of cavalry galloped at the same time, it seemed that the entire ground was about to crack, and the sound of horse hooves was all heard. The Qin soldiers were the first.
The first time I saw such a posture, I felt a little panicked.
Zhao Kang's face was full of surprise. He pulled out his weapon with a grin and said to Sima Shang beside him: "Great, we finally led the Huns out. Where is General Li Mu? Where do you think he is?
?", Sima Shang shook his head and said solemnly: "Their fighting style is different from the war in the Central Plains. Don't be careless...", "They will not attack directly, but pass by the army on both sides.
, and then use bows and arrows to kill and go back and forth, right?"
Zhao Kang asked with a smile.
Sima Shang stared at him with his eyes widened and asked, "How did you know?"
"This is the style of play that suits them best..."
Sima Shang suddenly discovered that the young man in front of him seemed to have a sense of war like a ghost. At the moment when he met the enemy, Zhao Kang became completely different. He did not yell, nor was he agitated. He became calmer than ever before.
, smiling, looking at the enemy in the distance, his face full of humility... Sima Shang was startled. When he fought the Qin people in Danshui, he seemed to have seen this expression from a distance...
"General Sima Shang, please command the crossbowmen and have them divide into four columns, facing all directions..."
"Wei!" Sima Shang immediately accepted the order, but then he felt something was wrong. It was wrong. He and he were both lieutenants, so they were on the same level!
Zhao Kang looked at the enemies in the distance, looked at the galloping cavalry, and instantly issued dozens of flag orders.