Nowadays, Emperor Chongzhen has more than just Song Yingxing who is a master of physical studies.
Roughly speaking, Song Yingxing was the person in charge of the study of physics under him, and he was the first person who was stronger in practice than in theory.
Next are the top three, namely the number one person in physics, Fang Yizhi; and the two people in chemistry, Zhu Yuluo and Xia Wanchun.
These three people have a solid theoretical foundation. It can even be said that in terms of theoretical foundation, they should be in the first echelon of the Ming Dynasty, better than Song Yingxing.
At this time, Song Yingxing was still taking the lead in building a real armored warship at the Tianjin Shipyard, not in the capital.
In fact, Liu Weichao sent over the internal combustion engine structure with the lowest requirements, as well as the assembly line manufacturing method. However, the Ming Dynasty had only promoted the study of physics for less than five years, and the foundation was too weak.
If you want to say that it is built by hand, then there is no problem. It just depends on how much time it takes. It will definitely be built in the end. However, if you ask the Ming Dynasty to use assembly lines to mass-produce internal combustion engines, it can only be the famous saying: Chen
I can’t do it!
In fact, even steam engines are not mass-produced on assembly lines. Most of the components are mass-produced, but a small number of components still need to be polished by hand and then assembled by hand.
The same is true. The cost of steam engines has never been reduced to a price close to the people. The main uses are steam trains and steam ships.
The internal combustion engines handed down by Emperor Chongzhen today are similar to steam engines. Most of the components still have to be made by hand. In terms of cost, they are much higher than steam engines.
However, the key reason why internal combustion engines have not been implemented is the fuel issue.
Liu Weichao provided three solutions to Emperor Chongzhen. The first was to try with gas;
The second is biogas;
The third type is, of course, to separate oil.
Among them, there is no oil near the capital of the Ming Dynasty; one of the oil of the Ming Dynasty is in Liaodong, which is still in the hands of the Jianlu, so it is not considered. The other one is in Jiuquan, Gansu, which is far away from the capital of the Ming Dynasty.
It is not easy to obtain the raw material of oil alone. Therefore, the third option is not realistic for the current Ming Dynasty.
The second type of biogas has limited output and is not practical in terms of the current situation in Ming Dynasty.
On the contrary, the first type, which is gas, is no problem.
Since the Song Dynasty, China has had large-scale coking. In this process, coal gas will be produced, but ancient people still knew very little about this coal gas.
With the further development of the Ming Dynasty, especially with the blessing of Liu Weichao, the smelting of glass and steel has made great progress, and the technical level has further matured. Naturally, the level of coking has also been improved.
In the past, because the gas was toxic, the gas produced during coking would be passed into the coking combustion chamber for circulation heating. But now that there is a demand for gas, it is simple to modify it.
As long as the exhaust pipe at the top of the coking chamber is slightly modified, the raw gas can be further processed to obtain useful gas.
In fact, in the original history, in 1876, the German Otto made the first four-stroke reciprocating piston internal combustion engine, which used gas as fuel.
With Liu Weichao's reminder, there will also be sufficient reminders on safety when extracting gas.
Now, Emperor Chongzhen assigned this task to his three generals based on Liu Weichao's suggestion.
Of course, this task was mainly done by Fang Yizhi, with the assistance of Xia Wanchun and Zhu Auao.
However, Xia Wanchun and Zhu Yuluo also have an important task, which is to make three acids and two alkalis.
The industrial revolution actually has two legs, one of which is the machinery manufacturing industry, and the other leg is the chemical industry. The basis of the chemical industry is these three acids and two alkali.
The so-called three acids refer to sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid; the two alkali refers to caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) and soda ash (sodium carbonate).
Among them, soda ash can be obtained from natural ores and has been used as a detergent and for printing and dyeing in ancient times. Caustic soda was produced during ancient alchemy.
In addition, the mass production method of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid was invented around 1625.
Generally speaking, it is not difficult to achieve mass production of three acids and two alkali in the late Ming Dynasty. The only difference between it and later generations is the size of the output and the cost.
The mass production of sulfuric acid is actually very simple. It is to add a small amount of water to a large glass bottle, place a clay pot and an iron plate, fill it with a mixture of sulfur and saltpeter, ignite it with a small red-hot shovel, and then seal the bottle mouth with a cork.
Plug it tightly and repeat the installation after a period of time until the desired concentration of sulfuric acid is reached.
This is the initial industrial production of sulfuric acid. Generally speaking, the output is still subject to certain restrictions, but for the initial stage, it is definitely enough.
Emperor Chongzhen's purpose at this time was not to mass-produce, but to cultivate his talents in physical science. Therefore, what he gave them first was a simple method that they could understand. After they became familiar with this chemical production principle, if
If the production of sulfuric acid increases in the future, the tower method will be used to produce sulfuric acid.
With the mass production of sulfuric acid, the mother of industry, the other two acids will become simple.
In the original history, the method of producing nitric acid by reacting saltpeter with sulfuric acid was invented in 1625 and took nearly 300 years until 1903 at the beginning of the 20th century. The disadvantage of this method is that it requires a large amount of sulfuric acid, but
There is no problem on Emperor Chongzhen's side.
The specific method is to use saltpeter and concentrated sulfuric acid to heat and react in a closed non-metallic container. Since nitric acid is more volatile, the reaction produces nitric acid vapor, which will be condensed into liquid. In fact, the amount of sulfuric acid above is the same as the amount of sulfuric acid above.
Giving birth is no different.
As for hydrochloric acid, it is actually the same as nitric acid. Add concentrated sulfuric acid to table salt and heat it to produce hydrogen chloride. When introduced into water, it becomes hydrochloric acid. The specific method is as above.
In fact, in the original history, the production of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid was discovered by the German alchemist Grauber in 1625 when he was playing with concentrated sulfuric acid, salt and saltpeter.
There are ready-made soda ash ores. In the early days of the shortage of geophysics talents, you could just mine them directly. The principle of making caustic soda is to add lime water to soda ash (sodium carbonate) solution, and a caustic reaction will occur to generate caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) solution.
and calcium carbonate precipitate (caustic mud). After filtering out insoluble matter such as calcium carbonate precipitate, the solution is evaporated to obtain liquid caustic soda or solid caustic soda. This is also not difficult, and it can be done during the period of Emperor Chongzhen. It is nothing more than mass production.
Just a little more and a little less.
Fang Yizhi, Xia Wanchun and Zhu Yuluo still have the task of self-study and the task of teaching their classmates. These two tasks are also top priorities. For this reason, Emperor Chongzhen has no special time limit for this assigned task.
For him, it was no longer the critical period around the fifteenth year of Chongzhen's reign, but the sixteenth year of Chongzhen's reign. He was patient and could wait.
……………………
In Busan, North Korea, the hundreds of thousands of corpses have long since disappeared. Instead, there are seas of people, and the ports are full of warships, most of which are closed.
On the shore, groups of Japanese soldiers got off the boats, carrying large and small bags and a matchlock gun, and marched inland from Busan.
Matsudaira Nobutsuna, the leader of the Japanese nation in North Korea, is here. Watching the transport ships traveling between Busan and Tsushima, and watching batch after batch of warships heading north along the coastline, he feels a little excited.
With his nickname of "Wisdom Izu", he can naturally understand why he was not punished by Tokugawa Iemitsu. No, he looked at the famous names who came to North Korea and felt very grateful in his heart: thanks to their impeachment, otherwise
He's out of luck.
Suddenly, he turned around and looked at the person next to him, raised his head and looked at the other person's face and said: "What, I, the Great Japanese Kingdom, have nothing to hide anymore!"
The person next to him who was much taller than him was Inordai who was good at diplomacy. After Daishan and Matsudaira Nobutsuna met, Daishan was too old to run away, so Inordai was asked to follow Matsudaira Nobutsuna.
Came to Busan to see the situation.
At this time, after hearing Matsudaira Nobutsuna's question, Ying Erdai quickly replied: "Don't worry, Mr. Lao Zhong, our Qing Dynasty will definitely keep its promise and participate in the attack on Pi Island."
After a pause, he added: "We are familiar with the island's terrain. We have already destroyed Pi Island once!"
At that time, it was only when North Korea sent out its navy that Jianlu attacked Pi Island. It was during this battle that Obai was the first to attack Pi Island and opened a gap in the shore defense, so he was named the "Phi Island" by Huang Taiji.
of Baturu.
After hearing this, Matsudaira Nobutsuna was very happy and said: "We and you will cooperate sincerely and destroy Dongjiang Town of the Ming Dynasty. It will be just around the corner!"
Having said this, he pointed in the direction of Tsushima Island with his hand and continued: "We, the Great Japanese Kingdom, still have more than half of the warships and troops on the other side of the island, and they are coming one after another. Haha, throw a whip to cut off the flow,
Isn’t that an exaggeration?”
Hearing this, to be honest, Ying Erdai was actually a little envious. If the Qing Dynasty had so many troops, it would have conquered the Ming Dynasty long ago!
In the past few days, more than 100,000 people have arrived in North Korea. These are all Japanese soldiers, not civilians. I wonder how many more people there are on the Japanese mainland?
With this thought in his mind, he said goodbye to Matsudaira Nobutsuna and wanted to go back to meet Daishan and then return to Liaodong.
Matsudaira Nobutsuna did not try to persuade him to stay, but just said to Inordai: "Then, we will meet in Pyongyang in half a month!"
In fact, the Japanese army also had troops to attack Pi Island, which were Japanese troops already in the north. However, the Qing Dynasty showed its sincerity, and he did not mind, so he used the Qing infantry to attack Pi Island.
Therefore, on his side, he only needs to gather warships to go north. Naturally, transport ships will continue to transport troops and supplies back and forth.
It’s time for the traitor Zheng Yiguan to be punished!