The steel filling method was invented in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and by the Song Dynasty it had become one of the main steelmaking methods at that time.
However, even the steel-filling method, which can be said to be a super-advanced iron-smelting technology in ancient times, is still not considered high-quality steel in Shen Kuo's eyes.
He once thought that the steel produced by steel filling was of the highest quality, but later he went to the blacksmith shop in Cizhou and realized that the past steel filling technology produced "fake steel", and he himself thought that he
We have already seen what "real steel" is.
He said that the steel-filled steel is actually fake steel, relying on the hardness of pig iron. After refining it for two or three times, the pig iron will become mature and become soft iron.
But in fact, Shen Kuo had some prejudices against the steel-filling method. The "real steel" he called was the steel made by the hundreds of steel-making methods. This kind of steel is indeed infinitely powerful, but it is time-consuming and labor-intensive for the craftsmen.
The skills are also extremely demanding, and large-scale assembly production is impossible. Rather, the steel pouring method is a technology that emerged to make up for the shortcomings of the steelmaking method.
Therefore, it is inevitable that some things written by intellectuals will contain private information. Sometimes they stand tall but cannot see far, which is also interesting.
Yu Zai popularized the technique of pouring steel to everyone, and led everyone to operate it in the large equipment in the ironmaking plant.
"High-end iron ore often uses only the simplest smelting methods. Master Yu walked out of the iron factory in disgrace after two days of busy work."
Sure enough, things did not go so smoothly. Some people saw the sight of Ruzai sitting in a daze at the door with a dark face, and they started to complain. Moreover, there was billowing black smoke in the ironworks. Apparently some "equipment" had been reimbursed.
Already.
"Go and find Niao Cao for me. His bricks are not good and they need to be improved."
Obviously, Yu Zai used some "equipment" to perform operations beyond the iron-making specifications.
Some people murmured in their hearts that Azai's illegal operation was very dangerous.
But he is the god of fire. Professionals should not imitate him.
So the person who sent the message left. Mr. Tori So must be supervising the work at the school, and he can be found easily.
Yuzai scratched his head.
This batch of equipment is very important. At least it must be designed with over-specification smelting in mind. It cannot be like now, where it will suddenly die on the spot if it is slightly overloaded, and its face and head will be sprayed with coal ash. This is not acceptable.
Charcoal is better, but coal is really unpleasant.
Near the large ironworks, because a lot of coal and charcoal were used for this wonder, the smoke and dust nearby floated, surged and spread. However, in this era, these air-polluting particles are exactly what they need for the craftsmen.
The best reward for hard work and sweat.
The flames rise, the light is bright, the blast furnace spits out thick smoke, and the dust floats around
Some people pull the bellows, some step on the wooden boards, and some open the furnace mouth to send in or out the iron ore.
Those strong arms are so powerful in lifting ores and utensils.
The air is humid, but in some places it is extremely dry. The iron-making craftsmen in the blast furnace charge the materials from above and blow the air from the bottom, creating a relative movement of the furnace materials falling and the gas rising.
The high-temperature gas generated by the fuel rises through the material layer and transfers heat to the furnace material. The carbon monoxide contained in it also reduces the iron oxide, so that the thermal energy and chemical energy of the fuel are fully utilized at the same time.
The charge in the lower layer is being gradually reduced and melted.
The charge in the upper layer is slowly descending from the top of the furnace.
The flames and heat rose again.
Yuzai was a little angry, and even wanted to turn the blast furnace into a torch stump, but he still managed to endure it and waited for Mr. Tori Cao at the door.
Toroso looked up, and he saw this huge wonder building from a long distance away. Only the main part was completed and put into use. The huge house that came into view still made him feel the impact of power.
The tall chimneys, the clouds of dust ejected, and the boiling hot wind are faintly like sparks in the depths.
This is like the second "Suiren Era" ushered in by the ancient people in ignorance. The human race was the first to use flames until now, and now, the way of using flames will be taken to a higher level.
Hearing that there was something wrong with the equipment, Niao Cao thought about it carefully.
"I mixed grass mixed mud, yellow clay and a large amount of quartz sand to make this kind of refractory brick. The fire-resistant strength can reach thousands of degrees (1469°C)"
This method of making refractory bricks appeared in ancient times. Tori Cao is the legendary ancestor of brick making. It is described in "Lu Shi Chun Qiu" that he made bricks like this at the beginning of the Xia Dynasty.
things, from then on people had a new weapon called bricks
Later generations also had another new term, such as "moving bricks".
The type of refractory bricks used today should have originally appeared in the Western Han Dynasty. However, due to the needs of the emperor and some technological innovations, the brick-making level of the Torizao family has naturally improved rapidly.
Where there is demand, there will be technological progress!
Although Torizo didn't know much about chemistry, his production method was the result of mixing sand and gravel with a high silica content into refractory clay.
"Chief, have you heated the stove to over 2,000 degrees?"
Niao Cao asked Yu Zai, and Yu Zai said:
"Don't spit on anyone!"
"Two thousand degrees is nothing. I obviously heated it to ten thousand degrees!"
Niao Cao (shocked): "Ten thousand is not necessary!"
Ten thousand degree refractory bricks?
I’m not refusing, you really should hire someone else!
It is recommended to burn the iron ore directly in Gugu's belly, and then pull it out directly along the chicken manure.
Yuzai's mistake made Niao Cao think deeply. Ten thousand degrees is too nonsense. There is no way to calculate this temperature. There is no natural flame of this temperature in nature. The temperature of a kiln can be measured.
, the so-called "perfection" means that the temperature of the kiln has reached an extremely high state.
The method used by the ancients to observe the temperature of flames is called "Fire Qi", or "Fire Temperature Method". In the Shang Dynasty, people had already learned this method when smelting bronzes. By the Zhou Dynasty, these methods were supplemented and improved.
Absolutely, this method is mentioned in "Xunzi: Strengthening the Country", which emphasizes that in order to cast a beautiful sword, the right temperature must be mastered, that is, "the punishment is correct, the gold and tin are beautiful; the craftsmanship is skillful, and the fire is combined."
"Kaogong Ji·Li Shi" says this: "When casting gold, gold and tin, the black and turbid qi is exhausted, followed by yellow and white; the yellow and white qi is exhausted, followed by green and white; the green and white qi is exhausted, and the green qi is the next.
Second, then it can be cast."
For example, if white smoke appears during bronze smelting, the temperature is about 907°C, at which point the zinc begins to volatilize.
When refining elixirs, observing fire is the same principle. Of course, it does not apply to Huang Di's group now. If you stick to TNT, your life will be blown away.
The skill of observing fire is the basic skill of a qualified smelting master.
Torizao and Yuzai re-entered the large iron smelting plant. The damaged equipment was emitting sparks and smoke, while the intact equipment on the side was still in operation. Guangchengzi and Dui were both here, holding the blast furnaces in their hands.
The flames, quietly watching these burning and twisted forces constantly changing color and power.