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Since the destruction of the Eastern Turks, the Tang Dynasty has never mobilized the power of the whole country to defeat a country. None of the surrounding countries is worthy of the Tang Dynasty. But Goguryeo, without a doubt, has this
Qualifications. Even the civil and military officials of the Manchu Dynasty have been planning for many years, and now that they are about to send troops, they are not particularly confident that it will succeed.
In fact, at least one-third of the officials in the DPRK and China held objections or had a negative attitude towards the use of troops against Goguryeo at this time.
Beijing refers to a high hill; Guan refers to a palace. The corpses of the victorious soldiers were laid out and a temple was built in Beijing, thinking that they were a place to hide the corpses. In fact, it was just to show off their martial arts. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty's three expeditions to Goguryeo ended in failure. Not only did he lose his troops, but also his generals.
Hundreds of thousands of common people in the northeast were plundered by Goguryeo. As a witness to these events, Li Shimin had a great impact on him.
When Li Shimin was young, it was during the heyday of the Sui Dynasty. At that time, no one in the Sui Dynasty had any objections. As hereditary nobles and relatives of the emperor, the Li family was once a die-hard supporter of the Sui royal family. Li Shimin was also
As a minister of the Sui Dynasty, Education was loyal to the Emperor of the Sui Dynasty.
The decline of the Sui Dynasty in just over ten years is inseparable from the eastern expedition to Goguryeo. It can be said that if Emperor Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty did not conquer Goguryeo, the Sui Dynasty would never have perished. This is why Li Shimin
When it comes to the Eastern Expedition, the reason why all the civil and military officials in the Manchu Dynasty advised against it is because the Sui Dynasty, which was so powerful back then, failed to conquer Goguryeo. How could the Tang Dynasty, which was in desperate need of revitalization, defeat Goguryeo?
This is just an ordinary person's idea, but Li Shimin's idea is different.
In Li Shimin's mind, the conquest of Goguryeo was not as difficult as imagined. The reason why the Sui Dynasty failed in the conquest was directly related to Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty's great achievements and arrogance and complacency. He did not need to have high military talent, as long as he could be normal
A little fighting would not lead to a war that cannot be lost no matter what, and turn it into what it became later.
The dispute between the Sui Dynasty and Goguryeo has been going on for a long time. As early as the time of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, Goguryeo took advantage of the fact that Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty was too busy to unify the north and the south and launched several small-scale attacks on the northeastern border of the Sui Dynasty. After King Yingyang of Goguryeo succeeded to the throne, the Sui Dynasty's special envoy
The Turks met Goguryeo's special envoy in the Turks. Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty sent a letter to Goguryeo asking Goguryeo to terminate its alliance with the Turks, requesting Goguryeo to stop its successive incursions on the Sui border and surrender to the Sui Dynasty. Although King Yingyang of Goguryeo ostensibly accepted the proposal of the Sui Emperor.
An ultimatum was given, but the next year, King Yingyang and Sumo Mohe attacked the Sui Dynasty's Hsiaoqi Mansion on Jizhou Road.
In the 18th year of the founding of the Emperor, Gaoyuan, King of Yingyang of Goguryeo, "led an army of more than 10,000 Mohe troops to invade Liaoxi" and was repulsed by the Sui Dynasty. Goguryeo did not surrender, and still refused to obey the decree and pay tribute.
Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty could not bear it anymore. He appointed Han Wang Yang Liang and Wang Shiji as the marshals of the army and led 300,000 land and sea troops to attack Goguryeo. He appointed Shangshu Zuopu She Gao Jiong as the long history of the Han Dynasty and Zhou Luohu as the general manager of the navy. However, this expedition did not go smoothly. Yang
Due to heavy rains, transportation could not be continued, and the army lacked food and suffered from diseases. Zhou Luohu set out to sea from Donglai and headed for Pyongyang City, but was hit by a wind on the way and many ships were sunk. The Sui troops on both land and water had to return and died.
Eighty-nine out of ten.
Seeing the huge momentum of the Sui army, the King of Goguryeo was worried about a second conquest, so he apologized and called himself "Liaodong Shitushi Yuan". Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty saw that there was nothing he could do, so he had to stop the army and tolerated it.
But by the time of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, King Yingyang of Goguryeo went behind the back of the Sui Dynasty and sent envoys to secretly communicate with the Turks, hoping to attack the Sui Dynasty from both sides. At that time, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty was on a northern tour and stopped at the Turk Qimin Khan.
Min Khan did not dare to hide it and told Emperor Yang of Sui.
Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty was very angry and asked people to tell the Goguryeo envoys to let the King of Goguryeo come to see him. He asked him to follow the courtesy of a minister and make the pilgrimage on time. Then he would forget the blame and treat him equally with Qimin Khan. But King Yingyang of Goguryeo insisted on "not obeying".
Emperor Sui Yang began to make up his mind to conquer this disobedient neighboring country.
In the sixth year of the Great Era, the Sui Dynasty pacified Khitan, Tuyuhun and other neighboring countries, and its momentum reached its peak. Except for Goguryeo, the surrounding neighboring countries all expressed their surrender. Goguryeo became the only thorn in the side and flesh, and became the emperor of the Sui Dynasty.
The biggest stain on martial arts is that the conquest of Goguryeo was already imminent and had to be launched.
Pei Ju, the minister of Huangmen, figured out what Emperor Yang was thinking, and persuaded Emperor Yang of Sui to threaten the king of Goguryeo to join the court on the grounds that Goguryeo was originally a land granted by Jizi, and now he did not obey the court etiquette. As expected, Gao Yuan, the king of Goguryeo Yingyang, did not comply.
The Lili gave Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty an excuse to conquer Goguryeo. The following year, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty officially issued an edict to conquer Goguryeo and mobilized the whole country, hoping to achieve victory in one battle.
It was this idea that ruined the good situation of the Sui Dynasty. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty ordered Yuan Hongsi, the governor of Youzhou, to build 300 ships at Donglai Haikou. The specified date was very tight. In order to complete the task, the officials supervised the shipbuilding craftsmen working in the water day and night.
, barely dared to rest. Due to being soaked in water for a long time, maggots grew on the craftsmen from the waist down, and countless people died. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty also issued an edict to assemble soldiers and horses from all over the world, no matter how far north or south they are, they must all gather together.
In Zhuo County, not only the people but also the money were wasted, a large number of soldiers and horses were gathered, the chaos was not controlled well, and the surrounding people complained.
After gathering the troops from all over the world, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty also recruited 10,000 sailors, 30,000 crossbowmen from the south of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, and 30,000 crossbowmen from the Lingnan platoon. He also ordered 50,000 military chariots built in Henan, Huainan, and Jiangnan to be sent there.
Gaoyang was used to load clothes, armor, curtains, and levy civilians to supply military supplies. In the autumn of the seventh year of Daye, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty recruited civilians south of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River and shipped rice from Liyang and Luokou warehouses to Zhuojun. The ships traveled more than a thousand miles apart.
, carrying soldiers and attack equipment, there were hundreds of thousands of people traveling on the road for a long time, crowding the road day and night, sleeping with the dead, and filling the road with stinking filth. Before the war started, Emperor Sui Yang had already thrown the world into chaos.
There were a lot of complaints.
In this battle, the Sui army mobilized a total of more than one million main battle troops, which is the highest in history. The Tang Dynasty now claims to have one million troops, but in fact, it is not enough. But at that time, Sui Yang
Even though the emperor was full of complaints, he actually mobilized so many people. Including the civilians who transported food and grass for the army, the number of people who indirectly participated in the war exceeded five million.
How many people did Goguryeo have in total? Five million people participated in the war. Even if one person spits at the mouth, the Goguryeo people can be drowned. In Li Shimin's view, this is a war that cannot be lost no matter how hard it is fought, even if it involves getting a dog.
The battle can be won by taking command. This is indeed the case, but unfortunately, Emperor Sui Yang also thought so.
Since I can't lose no matter how hard I fight, why can't I show my magnanimity as a master of kings and a great nation? So a battle for national destiny turned into a 'hype' for Emperor Sui Yang's brilliant martial arts.
Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty decided to take charge of the expedition himself!
When Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty decided to go on a personal expedition, there was no objection from the civil and military officials of the Manchu Dynasty. They also felt that although Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty struggled a little in this battle and there were some complaints among the people, a great victory would be enough to make up for all these complaints.
The emperor wanted to show off his martial arts, so just let him do it. So there was a lot of flattery both inside and outside the court. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty listened to these words and became more and more "coquettish".
He divided the army of more than one million into three lines, the left and right armies. In addition to the center army, the left and right armies were divided into twelve lines and set up a formation. In order to "equally share the battle merits", Emperor Sui Yang assigned each line a designated number.
After completing their respective tasks, they planned to eventually meet up in Pyongyang.
The victory was all shared before the battle was started. How could the enemy be undefeated if he underestimated the enemy? At the end of March in the eighth year of Daye, the Sui army arrived at the Liaohe River. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty ordered Yu Wenkai to build a pontoon bridge. After the pontoon bridge was built, the Sui army attacked from the west bank.
When the pontoon bridge was extended to a few meters away from the other side, Goguryeo took the opportunity to attack. The Sui army was unable to land and many died. The Sui Dynasty Zuotunwei general Mai Tiezhang fought with Hu Benlang generals Qian Shixiong and Meng Cha.
He died. So the Sui army gathered their troops, and the Shaofu prisoner He Chou joined the bridge. The armies advanced one after another and fought in Dong'an, defeating the Goguryeo army and killing tens of thousands of people.
Although they were defeated in this battle, they were not injured, and the Sui army took advantage of the victory to encircle Liaodong City.
The most deadly thing is to distribute military exploits in advance. Since the civil and military officials and the emperor of the Manchu Dynasty believed that this battle must be won, the tone was set for this battle from the beginning. Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty gave a high-sounding reason, calling it
"It's not for the sake of fame and fame". Since it's not for fame, it can't be for fame. In order to prevent the generals from attacking with light troops and fighting alone to gain credit and fame, any military advance must be reported to Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty first.
, waiting for a reply to the order. This directly led to the defeat of the siege. The Goguryeo army in Liaodong City failed to attack several times, so they turned to defense. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty ordered the city to be attacked, and also ordered the generals, "Shangguo must have Shangguo"
If Goguryeo wants to surrender, it should be appeased and accepted, and no more attacks should be launched.
This kind of brainless operation completed the last jigsaw puzzle of defeat. When Liaodong City was about to be captured, the Goguryeo army in the city claimed to surrender. The generals of the Sui Dynasty did not dare to continue the attack under the orders of Emperor Sui Yang. According to the above
A decree must be reported to Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty for all actions and actions. He quickly wrote a note and reported it to Emperor Sui Yang. After this came and went, at least two or three days passed. By the time Emperor Sui Yang responded to the order, the Goguryeo army in the city was ready.
Defense, and began to resist again. This situation repeated many times, and Emperor Sui Yang still did not wake up. The so-called one-stop effort failed again, and the three were exhausted. Even though Emperor Sui Yang woke up later and personally went to the front line to command, the morale of the Sui army had declined.
Despite the stubborn resistance of the Liaodong defenders, they failed to capture it after another month of stalemate. Other Goguryeo cities suffered similar experiences to Liaodong City and were unable to capture them.
Even if the Chinese army is like this, the attacks from other routes are just as bad.
The water route was led by Lai Hu'er, the then general Youyiwei. The warships were hundreds of miles apart and the force was huge. When they entered the Xu River, they met the Goguryeo army and defeated it easily. Lai Hu'er wanted to take advantage of the victory and attack the Goguryeo city.
The general manager Zhou Fa was worried about underestimating the enemy and wanted to advance together. Lai Hu'er refused to listen, so he selected 40,000 elite soldiers and marched under the city of Goguryeo. Goguryeo pretended to be defeated, Lai Hu'er fell into a trap, and Goguryeo's ambush troops took the opportunity to attack.
The Sui army was defeated at Laihu'er, and only a few thousand of their 40,000 soldiers returned.
The Goguryeo army pursued the Sui army to the shipyard. Zhou Fashang formed an army to wait for him, and the Goguryeo army retreated. Lai Hu'er led his army back to Haipu and stationed at Haipu, but failed to complete the planned response task.
On the land route, stupid actions abounded. At that time, the troops carried a hundred days' worth of food and grass, as well as platoon armor, guns, clothing, military equipment, and fire curtains. They were too heavy to bear. The equipment was too big and too heavy.
Obviously they couldn't throw it away, so the soldiers dug holes under the curtain to bury the food and grass. As a result, they were only halfway through the journey and the food and grass were almost exhausted. At this time, Goguryeo sent its minister Ulji Mundeok to pretend to surrender and observe the strength of the Sui army.
General Zhongwen wanted to take the opportunity to capture Eulji Wende, but was stopped by Liu Shilong. After Yu Zhongwen let Eulji Wende go, he regretted it and decided to pursue Eulji Wende. At that time, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty ordered the garrison to be subject to Yu Zhongwen
Wen Jiedu. Yu Zhongwen, Yu Wenshu and other nine armies crossed the water to pursue Ulji Wende. Eulji Wende saw that the Sui soldiers were hungry, so he wanted to make them more tired and pretended to be defeated every time they fought.
Withdrew. Yu Wenshu won seven battles in one day and continued to advance and crossed the Sa River. Ulji Wende sent an envoy to pretend to surrender again. Yu Wenshu saw that the Sui soldiers were exhausted and could no longer fight. However, the city of Pyongyang was dangerous and solid, and it was estimated that it would be difficult to
They captured it quickly and had to retreat.
When the army returned, the Goguryeo army attacked from all sides, and Yu Wenshu and others fought and marched. When they arrived at Sashui, the Sui army was halfway across the river, and the Goguryeo army attacked the rear of the Sui army.
The army was defeated and could not be stopped. The soldiers fled for a day and a night to reach the Yalu River, traveling 450 miles. Wang Rengong was the rear guard and repelled the Goguryeo pursuers. When they crossed the Liao River, there were 300,000 troops and horses along the way.
, when they returned to Liaodong City, there were less than 3,000 people left, and tens of thousands of supplies and weapons and weapons were lost, all of which became Goguryeo's spoils of war. These supplies were also used by Goguryeo to cope with the second conquest.
vigorously.
Unable to obtain the expected victory, the domestic conflicts had no outlet and finally broke out. Wang Bo, Douzixing, Dou Jiande and other common people and peasants revolted in large numbers and captured the city. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty ordered the captain, Ying Yang and the county
The county officials hunted them down and killed them when caught, but they still couldn't stop the peasant uprising. But after all, a skinny camel was bigger than a horse. The peasant uprising was like throwing a stone into a calm lake, and in the end it failed to cause much trouble.
After a year of rest after the failure of the Eastern Expedition, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty decided to conduct a second Eastern Expedition. This time the Eastern Expedition learned the lessons of the previous one and allowed the generals to "engage cheaply." The Sui army erected flying towers, crashed cars, and scaled ladders under the Liaodong City.
They also dug tunnels to cooperate and continuously attacked the city day and night. However, due to the last Eastern Expedition, Goguryeo obtained a large number of equipment from the Sui army, so that the two sides were evenly matched and could not fight hard.
Emperor Sui Yang became ruthless and decided to rely on