040 [The difference of one word, the battle of Taoism]
Wang Yangming has moved. He used to live in a small cave, which was cold and damp. Because he often performed the "Book of Changes" in the cave, he named the small cave "Wanyi Wo".
There is a large cave on Longgang Mountain, which was later called "Yangming Cave".
Wang Yangming named it "Yangming Xiaodongtian", and because it was east of "Wanyi Wo", he shortened it to "Dongdong". Outside the cave, there were several thatched houses built by Miao people for him, called "Hewuxuan".
", is Wang Yangming's bedroom, study room and classroom.
At this moment, Wang Yangming was not lecturing, but listening to the class with a hoe.
The bandit merchant Fu Quan was digging the soil while teaching in Chinese and Miao bilingual: "For this kind of land, first look at the weather, secondly look at the location, and thirdly look at the labor. The weather is the twenty-four solar terms, when to sow and when to harvest, our ancestors
We have known it for a long time. Not to mention the geographical advantage. There is no geographical advantage in Longgang Mountain. The harvest will not be good if planted in this kind of mountainous area. So we have to rely on labor, plowing the soil, digging, and fertilizing. You Miao people don’t know.
Manually. Just put a fire on it and dig a hole to bury the seeds. If this doesn’t work, learn how to turn the soil with me!"
This is a wasteland burned by the Miao gang Wang Yangming, with vegetation ash piled up in the ground.
Due to the lack of oxen and iron plows, everyone had to dig hard with hoes.
Not even a hoe is enough, the seedlings are holding stone shovels, and the efficiency of plowing the ground is touching.
Wang Yangming took two servants with him, imitating the postures of bandits, and learned to farm from scratch. Fortunately, it rained two days ago, so the soil was relatively moist, otherwise just plowing the ground would have exhausted people to death.
Businessman Fuquan bent down and picked up a few stones, threw them far away and said: "The stones cannot be left in the soil, but they can be surrounded to form a field boundary."
So Wang Yangming went to pick up stones again.
After working on the farm for a long time, Wang Yangming was so tired that his back ached. "Who knew that every grain of food on the plate was hard work? It's not easy to work hard today."
This is land reclamation, of course it’s not easy!
Wang Yangming only brought a few dozen taels of silver with him, which cost a lot for travel expenses. He also needed to buy paper and ink, and salt in Guizhou was expensive. He could only survive until next year at most, and he had to learn how to farm his own land.
The three masters and servants were slowly plowing the land here to clear up wasteland, while a few bandits went to the Miao people's village to teach the seedlings how to dig latrines and how to compost and ferment - these Miao people pooped everywhere and did not know the value of defecation.
.
"Uncle, there are many people here!"
Wang Changxi, who was taking a lazy break, suddenly pointed down the mountain.
Wang Yangming stood up and looked into the distance, smiled, then bent down and turned on the ground again.
About two-quarters of an hour later, all the students from the Si School came to the mountain. Wang Yuan bowed and said: "Mr. Yangming, we are here to study."
Wang Yangming said: "Wait until I finish plowing this land."
"This is easy to handle," Wang Yuan said to Chen Wenxu and the others, "Brother Zonglu, there are three hoes here. You and a hundred chiefs will lead a hundred people, each in groups of three, for half a quarter of an hour.
Take turns plowing the land. Brother Boyuan, Brother Zicang, you and the other five hundred leaders will lead others to carry the stones. Not limited to this piece of land, anyone who has burned the land can go pick up the stones."
"Easy to say." Chen Wenxue smiled.
Wang Yuan also said to all the students: "If anyone is unwilling to work, you can go to the flower register and cancel your name."
No one exits.
There are also dandy boys with their own entourage, so they can hand over the work tasks to their subordinates to complete.
Chen Wenxue, Tang Xie, Ye Wu, Li Ying and others are the leaders. They take the lead in working, and the others have nothing to say. Anyway, with more people, things can be done faster.
Wang Yuan divided the area into teams of ten, and each team took turns plowing the ground to pick up stones. This was methodical, improved work efficiency, and prevented random trampling of the excavated farmland.
Uncle Wang sat down, stroking his beard and saying, "This is an officer!"
Two quarters of an hour later, all the scattered stones on the uncultivated wasteland were picked up. On the plowed wasteland, the stone pickers were waiting for the tillers to dig out the stones, but there were only three hoes.
Wang Yuan shouted: "That's enough. Those who work today will take note of it and will plow again tomorrow. Let's listen to the teacher's lecture."
A second-generation soldier with an entourage suddenly said impatiently: "It's not that troublesome. Chen Yongdong, Li Yan, you go dig the ground. Whoever has an entourage, send one to dig the ground, and the three hoes will be divided."
We students can just listen to Mr. Yangming’s lectures!”
Wang Yangming didn't object, but he didn't approve either.
The students were sitting scattered in the wilderness. Some even took out preserved fruits and dried meats, and filled them with wine in twos and threes, as if they wanted to drink while listening to the lecture.
Wang Yangming did not scold him and said loudly: "I will start by talking about "The Great Learning". This is not the new version written by Cheng and Zhu, but the old version from the previous dynasty. The way of learning is to be clear and virtuous, to be close to the people, and to stop at the highest good. This is a close relationship, not a good one.
new……"
Mr. Song suddenly stood up and interrupted: "Mr. Yangming, Zhu Xi said that 'new' here should be regarded as 'new'. Are you wrong?"
"That's right," Wang Yangming said with a smile, "it used to be 'close to the people', and I also think it is 'close to the people'."
All living beings were shocked and dumbfounded.
The first sentence of Wang Yangming's speech was to get into trouble with Zhu Xi, directly refuting Zhu Xi's mistakes.
Moreover, I am still digging into the foundation of Neo-Confucianism!
There is a huge difference between "close" and "new".
To be virtuous, to be close to the people, and to strive for perfection are the three principles of Confucianism.
Zhu Xi explained it this way: Everyone has bright moral character, which is a natural principle and nature. However, bright moral character may be deceived, and you should discover it and illuminate it (Ming Ming De). After acquiring bright moral character, you must also
To guide others, so that everyone can acquire bright moral character (new people). This will allow the natural principles of all things to reach perfection and achieve the unity of personal ideals and social responsibilities (end to perfection).
Wang Yangming, on the other hand, wanted to fight for orthodoxy directly from the level of the Three Cardinal Guidelines of Confucianism through the difference between "kin" and "new".
As soon as this statement came out, more than ten people left the table angrily, picked up dry food and water, turned around and walked down the mountain. They were studying to take the imperial examination, but based on Wang Yangming's "monstrous words", they would definitely fail the exam!
As soon as the lecture started, some people left. Wang Yangming remained calm and watched them go down the mountain with a smile.
Song Gongzi, however, was more serious. He asked: "Zhu Xi has arguments in the article "Making a New People" in the second chapter. He is new every day, new every day, and new every day. How do you prove that you are right?"
Wang Yangming smiled and said: "The country is thousands of miles away, but the people are limited to it. It is about kinship. Being a king is about benevolence, and it is about kinship. A gentleman should respect his virtuous people, and kissing his relatives is about kinship... A gentleman should respect his relatives.
A virtuous person kisses his relatives. A villain takes pleasure in his relatives and benefits them. This is still closeness. Closeness means benevolence, but also has a new meaning. Since closeness already contains a new meaning, why did Zhu Xi forcefully change it to a new one?"
"Well……"
Mr. Song was immediately stunned.
Wang Yangming quoted a large number of original sentences from "The Great Learning" to argue that it was originally the word "kin" and contained two meanings: benevolence and newness. Zhu Xi's forced change to "new" was unreasonable and disrespectful of benevolence and righteousness!
Everyone was in an uproar.
Some people didn't dare to listen anymore and ran away in fear. Because what Wang Yangming said was very reasonable, they were afraid that if they believed it, they would delay the imperial examination in the future.
Some people thought carefully and fell into a dilemma, wondering whether they should listen to Wang Yangming or continue to listen to Zhu Xi.
Some people were inexplicably excited, already impressed by Wang Yangming, and wished they could follow him in this life.
Wang Yuan thought to himself: "This is the correct way to criticize Zhu Xi. Directly quote Confucian classics to refute Zhu Xi. It is reasonable and legal. Who dares to say no?"
Even if Zhu Xi came in person, he could not defeat Wang Yangming.
Because Zhu Xi knew he was wrong, he even explained it in the annotations of "The Great Learning", quoting "Shangshu" and "The Book of Songs" as footnotes for himself. This kind of citation is nonsense, which is equivalent to trying to modify the chemical reaction formula, and then taking the irrelevant
Use physical formulas to demonstrate.
It's not that Wang Yangming is smarter than Zhu Xi, but that Zhu Xi wanted to perfect the Neo-Confucian system and deliberately misinterpreted the original meaning of "The Great Learning".
Wang Yangming continued to lecture, becoming more and more frightening, and soon more than ten students fled.
Several of them fled back to Guizhou City overnight and went straight to the Guizhou Governor's Yamen.
At noon the next day, they finally saw Wang Zhi who was about to go out. They immediately knelt down and complained: "Wang Futai, there is a mad man in Longgang Mountain who is deceiving the public with his evil words, criticizing the sages Zhu Zi and Cheng Zi, and tampering with the "Four Books"
righteous!"
(ps1: Regarding the "Complete Collection of Four Books" and "The Complete Collection of Five Classics", some people think that Lao Wang is talking nonsense. There is indeed something wrong and it has been revised.)
(ps2: Sichuan in the Ming Dynasty was Greater Sichuan, including today's Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, and part of Hubei. Moreover, many of these places were uncivilized and the number of chieftains was staggering, so Sichuan was said to be a barbarian land. Also, because
During the wars at the end of the Song Dynasty and the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Sichuan's economy, culture, and population in the Ming Dynasty were far inferior to those in the Song Dynasty. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, Sichuan's population had not returned to the level of the early Southern Song Dynasty.)