In early March, Cao Cao happily returned to Xuzhou with 600,000 kilograms of rice seeds from Champa.
Historically, he was once forced by Lu Bu to the point where he had only three cities left, and was so miserable that he almost defected to Yuan Shao. Only by relying on Cheng Yu to get human breasts, he managed to survive the most difficult period.
But now he is far from being so desperate. Although he has lost most of Yanzhou, he still has a small half of Yanzhou and half of Xuzhou for him to stay.
So in comparison, the situation today is slightly stronger than that then. At least it has not reduced to cannibalism.
In mid-spring, the warm breeze is blowing, the sun is shining, and the whole Qingzhou is in full swing and is striving to develop.
Different from other places, Qingzhou's situation is full of positivity, with stable political situation, crackdown on land annexation, curbing powerful powers, supervising land reclamation, promoting the rule of law, advocating frugality, accepting refugees, and advocating scientific progress.
Therefore, in a short period of time, the spiritual outlook of the people in the entire east of Mount Tai was essentially different from that in other places. Not only agriculture was developed, but commerce and handicrafts were also booming.
There are rows of shops on the streets of Linzi. The signs hanging on the shops are swaying in the air. Street vendors are hawking along the streets. Officials from the Municipal Commission will register each household and all goods must be counted to prevent tax evasion.
.
People were walking back and forth and wandering along the streets and alleys. There were wealthy people going to the streets to buy things, farmers going to the city to sell agricultural products and buy some farm tools, and groups of young girls strolling around, just watching.
bought.
Sure enough, no matter what era women are in, their desire to go shopping will never change. Unless society has evolved to the point of online shopping, we can’t get them to stop wanting to buy good things when they see them.
Early in the morning, Chen Mu said goodbye to his wife, children, and parents and came out of the house. Not from the front door, but from the back door. A very ordinary carriage drove swaying onto the street.
He is so popular in Qingzhou. Not only does he have a high position and high moral standards, but most importantly, he is handsome.
Compared with the other two moral models Zheng Xuan and Wang Lie, Liu Bei and Chen Mu are more popular among girls. Their faces are as beautiful as jade, which is recorded in history books, and Chen Mu is more handsome than Liu Bei, so every time they go out on the street
, can enjoy the treatment of people like Pan Anweijie.
The carriage slowly drove into Taishan Academy.
The academy is spacious and vast. Because when it was built, the School of Chemistry had not yet developed the proportion of cement, so the style was still dominated by palace-style buildings from the late Han Dynasty, supplemented by small classrooms, laboratories, outdoor squares and other structures.
For example, the College of Agriculture needs a vast experimental field, so it simply built it on the northern field. The College of Chemistry needs to conduct experiments, so it has a large number of laboratories. The College of Physics needs to be located in a large palace, and students study and take classes in the spacious hall.
, the teacher was giving lectures on the stage, which felt like going to court in Deyang Palace.
Originally, this kind of palace complex could not be built, as it was beyond the rules.
For example, the main reason why Zhang asked Zhao Zhong to frame Huangfu Song was because Huangfu Song impeached their house and built a palace, which was beyond the rules.
But the house in Taishan Academy was not for Liu Bei to live in, it belonged to the entire academy. Before expanding the academy, Liu Bei also specifically asked Liu Yu for instructions, and Liu Yu agreed with a wave of his hand, so there was no problem.
In this age where imperial power is supreme, if the emperor says you don't have it, then it means you don't have it. Even if you build another Luoyang Palace, it won't break the rules.
Both sides of the concrete road were covered with towering trees. Horse-drawn carriages drove in the middle of the tree-lined path. There were groups of students going to class on both sides. The morning sun filtered through the shade of the trees and sprinkled dots on the ground.
Every time Chen Mu passes by here, apart from the difference between the ancient palace complex and the teaching buildings of later generations, he can always think of the quiet time when he was studying in Tsinghua Garden.
old.
In a flash, I am almost thirty, and my youth is over.
"Palace Chief!"
"Palace Chief Chen!"
"Gongzhang greets you!"
When Chen Mu's carriage stopped at the entrance of the School of Physics, students and teachers coming and going greeted him one after another.
Taishan Academy has reported to the Luoyang court, and after Chen Mu's suggestion, it has become a national-level teaching institution like Xiang Taixue and Hongdu Menxue. Therefore, the teachers inside can all be called officials.
For example, Zheng Xuan served as the principal, was famous for offering wine, and had a rank of thousands of stones. He was in charge of the entire academy affairs. At the same time, he also served as the dean of the Confucian Academy and the right superintendent of Qingzhou Academy.
Qingzhou Xuetai is an institution similar to the Ministry of Education in later generations. It also existed in ancient times, such as Taixue in the Han Dynasty, Guozixue after the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Guozijian in the Tang, Song and Ming dynasties, and the Academic Supervisor of the Qing Dynasty, etc.
In the Taishan Academy, under the sacrificial wine, there is the palace director, with a rank of six hundred stones, which can be understood as the vice-principal. The five palace directors currently are Guan Ning, Bing Yuan, Wang Lie, Cai Yong and Chen Mu. They are in charge.
Finance, discipline, academic style, moral character and book management, etc.
Under the palace chief, there are the deans of each college, with a rank of 600 shi, followed by doctors of each college, with a rank of 400 shi, college teachers, with a rank of 300 shi, college lecturers, with a rank of 200 shi, and the lowest level teaching assistants.
, rank one hundred stones.
It is worth mentioning that these official titles were not invented by later generations, but existed in ancient times. For example, teaching assistant, in the Han Dynasty, was the assistant of the Taixue doctor. In the Tang, Song and Ming Dynasty, it was also called the Guozi assistant. His main job was to help the wine-making doctor teach the students. Therefore.
These official positions are not so much invented and established as they are passed down from ancient times.
Although the rank of the academy officials is not high, their social status and some hidden powers are great. Even if Liu Bei, a state pastor with a rank of two thousand stones, encounters Zheng Xuan, a thousand-stone academy, offering wine, he must practice discipleship rites honestly.
This shows how high the status of professors and scholars is in Qingzhou.
And the salary of a few hundred dan every month is a waste. Welfare, bonuses, and rewards are real money. Therefore, many outstanding students in the academy would rather go to teach in schools in various places, gain qualifications for a few years, and then find a way to return to the academy as a teaching assistant.
, and are unwilling to take part in the current selection examination in Qingzhou that is parallel to the Chaju system to become an official.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! Because even if you are a county magistrate in a certain place and earn 600 shi, if you meet someone in the academy who teaches you 300 shi, it is your former teacher.
, you must also salute respectfully without showing any slightness, otherwise you will immediately lose your official position, or even face charges in serious cases.
This is the respect for teachers currently advocated in Qingzhou, and it is also the main reason for the high status of Xuegong teachers.
As a result, a local slang has gradually become popular in Qingzhou recently, "Official officials should be like Zhijinwu, and wives should be like Yinlihua. It is better to be a school palace with three hundred stones than to go to the prefecture, county and county government."
The former sentence is well known and was said by Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu, and the latter sentence is also easy to understand.
I would rather serve as a tutor for three hundred shi in Taishan Academy than to serve as a local governor for more than 600 shi in a prefecture or county.
As a result, Taishan Academy became a very important educational institution. The teachers there had high status, high income, and good benefits, which led to the influx of a large number of talents and contributed to the prevalence of academic research in Qingzhou.
Under the guidance of Zheng Xuan, the Academy used the moral character of Confucianism as its backbone to promote ideas such as filial piety, benevolence, etiquette, loyalty to the emperor, and patriotism to establish correct values for people.
Next, do the right thing.
To put it simply, Confucianism helps students shape their thoughts and cultivate their moral character, etiquette, benevolence, wisdom, and trust. Science helps students broaden their horizons, study mathematics, nature, physics, and chemistry, and lay the foundation for the development of science and technology in the future.
The two belong to the combination of thought and practice and do not conflict.
Although Chen Mu has always been quite disgusted with the idea of loyalty to the emperor propagated by Confucianism, there is no way. Just look at Zheng Xuan's explanation in "Six Arts" and you will know that he mythologizes the monarch and advocates monarchy. His main idea is to support the emperor and love the people. If Chen Mu opposes the autocratic monarchy
If so, the old man would probably fall out with him on the spot.
Therefore, the current system is implemented first, and when appropriate opportunities arise in the future, the monarchy will be slowly diluted and the backward autocratic monarchy system changed.
Chen Mu got off the carriage, and many students and teachers greeted him one after another. He just nodded reservedly, and surrounded by several entourages, walked into the School of Physics and started his day's work.
The School of Physics has a huge space. Recently, Ma Jun is studying trains and starting to lay rail tracks. Today is a big day for the trial operation. He must come and take a look.
Entering the courtyard, the first thing you see is a huge square, covering an area of seven or eight acres. There were originally various inventions on the site, such as new waterwheels, new rotating plows, improved bicycles, and new guide cars.
Hundreds of samples were originally used as props for students to teach, but now they are all gone.
The current physics school has not developed much physical knowledge. After all, magnetism, mechanics, optics, circuits, pressure, density, buoyancy, electrical energy, etc., the physical knowledge we have in junior high schools, by the Han Dynasty, it was really difficult to convert it into equations.
Too difficult to understand.
Therefore, the current style of the college is relatively hard-core, mainly focusing on invention and creation. In other academic aspects, the only thing that can be used is measurement. Using measurement tools such as vernier calipers, you can actually observe something to help the School of Mathematics and the School of Chemistry provide accurate data.
.
In addition, levers, pulleys, gears, lathes, simple machines and other things that can be built with bare hands have been realized.
Many people think that lathes are difficult to make, but there were tree lathes two thousand years ago, and bicycle lathes in the 13th century. There are pictures of our local bicycle lathe "Chong Miao" in "Tiangong Kaiwu".
Therefore, it is not difficult to build a lathe. What is difficult is the gears, levers and steam engines. Without levers and gears, the internal structure of the lathe will be relatively simple and it will not be able to complete more complex work. Without a steam engine, the lathe can only use manual labor.
To use it, the efficiency is not as fast as the machine.
Now that Chen Mu has helped solve the problem of gear levers, the only thing left is whether the steam engine can be mass-produced. After all, the reason has been mentioned before. Although there are substitutes for rubber, there is no problem in manufacturing steam engines, but the output is far from being comparable to that of rubber.
Mass production cannot be achieved.
When Chen Mu walked into the courtyard, he saw that all the original inventions had been cleared away, and the entire square was covered with railroad tracks. Ma Jun led several PhDs from the School of Physics and more than a dozen teachers. Dozens of lecturers and teaching assistants were standing there.
A huge thing, seen from a distance, is a locomotive, with six lever wheels underneath, and no cargo box behind it.
Thousands of other students, as well as many teachers and students who came here because they had no classes today, stood far outside the square. Many people craned their necks to see if this legendary thing that could move on its own was real.
It's so magical. Can the treasure of the School of Physics really create miracles?
"Is this the steam engine? I heard that the School of Physics regards it as a treasure. This is the first time I have seen it today."
"I heard that Dean Ma has been working on it for several years. It was completed in the past two years. It was not completely perfected until this year. When fully mobilized, it can mobilize a lot of power. I don't know if it is true or not."
"What is the principle of this thing? Can any senior from the School of Physics explain it?"
“Have you ever heard of a pressure cooker?”
"That cooking pot made of Huanhuo cloth in your college?"
"Yes, a fully enclosed pot will generate a lot of steam. The more steam accumulates, the greater the force. Then it pushes the parallel moving connecting rod, and the connecting rod turns the gear, driving the iron wheel below."
"Can't understand."
"It's okay if you don't understand it. It took Dean Ma many years to perfect it. How can you understand it?"
"Hmph, don't be so arrogant in the School of Physics. Our School of Chemistry has also achieved a lot this year."
"Okay, okay, what's the fuss about? Dean Ma is about to start."
The teacher who was watching stopped the quarrel between the two students, and everyone began to watch attentively.
As a top inventor, Ma Jun, with Chen Mu's reminder and help, after several years of painstaking research, has created a steam engine that is no less powerful than the Watt engine.
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! Although the inability to mass-produce is a fatal flaw, the manufacturing of trains is an epoch-making thing. Last time Chen Mu just mentioned it casually, which was enough to make Ma Jun excited for days and nights.
I didn't sleep, spent more than a year perfecting it, and finally built this locomotive.
Now Ma Jun was checking all parts of the steam engine and whether there were any problems in each link. He checked it several times on the front of the engine, then opened the hood to check the condensing cylinder, moving rod, piston, centrifugal governor, throttle valve, etc.
After there were no problems with any parts, he got off the front of the car and motioned to other teachers to move away.
Since there is no carriage, there is naturally no air chamber. In fact, this thing is just a steam engine with a few wheels. In this way, the originally generated steam is converted into kinetic energy through a series of equipment and transferred to the wheels under the steam engine to drive a locomotive.
The movement and structure are not complicated.
After everyone around him dispersed, Ma Jun and two doctors got into the locomotive together, opened the boiler door, and with excitement, ignited the fish paste prepared in the boiler, put in a large amount of firewood, and waited.
After the fire got big, we started shoveling coal.
"Crunch crunch crunch crunch!"
After almost a quarter of an hour, from the boiler boiling to the steam engine running, several lever wheels under the train finally began to move slowly, making strange noises.
The total number of students in Taishan Academy has exceeded 30,000, and today there are almost more than 5,000 people.
Under the stunned gazes of more than 5,000 students, the behemoth began to move forward slowly. Although the speed was ridiculously slow, it was no different from a person walking, but... a big iron block actually moved on its own.
Okay, how can you not be shocked?
"Dean, it's moving, it's really moving."
On the train, a doctor who controlled the air release valve shouted excitedly.
Ma Jun was also very excited and kept saying: "Okay, okay, can you still speed up?"
"able."
"Add more fire."
"only."
The doctor responsible for shoveling coal waved the shovel more vigorously.
Ma Jun began to control the air valve.
The steam engine is not as complicated as people think, but it is not that simple either.
If the air pressure is too high, you need to deflate it; if it is too low, you need to add fire and water. Therefore, the valves must be used alternately at all times, otherwise the power will be reduced and the train will stop.
With the tacit cooperation of the three of them, which had been practiced countless times, the train slowly accelerated, reaching the speed of a person running fast.
At the end of the day, the wind and lightning picked up, and it was close to the running limit of ordinary horses, which is about 30 kilometers per hour. Although in Chen Mu's eyes it was still as slow as a tortoise, in the eyes of Han people, this was simply amazing speed.
"Hooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooh!"
The students of the School of Physics went from being shocked at the beginning to feeling proud at the end. Everywhere the train arrived, students onlookers burst out in applause, and the sound even drowned out the sound of the whistle.
After running around the square twice, as the whistle sounded, the valve opened, steam continued to pour out, the speed began to slow down, and finally stopped.
This crucial train experiment declared an unparalleled success.
Ma Jun jumped off the train. His face was as black as coal and his body was covered with soot. However, he was ecstatic and yelled with many teachers in the college. He did not have the image of a dean at all.
Such an epoch-making product was created by him and will go down in history, which really makes people feel extremely excited.
Chen Mu, who was watching from a distance, also smiled. After a while, he walked out of the School of Physics without looking back and went to inspect other schools.
Although his dream was to see trains one day, he wanted to see trains everywhere. Just such an experiment did not touch him.
The reason has also been stated.
Steam engines are easy to build, and the ancients were not stupid. If a top inventor like Ma Jun just tells him the principles and teaches him the physical knowledge of gears, levers, pistons, connecting rods, condenser tubes, cylinders, etc., then let him build a steam engine. It is really not possible.
Difficult matter.
Even the floor heating that Chen Mu created in Luoyang contained certain principles of steam engines. It would not be too difficult for anyone who could go back to ancient times and control the power to come up with this thing.
The difficulty lies in the sealing performance. Due to the lack of rubber, the only raw materials are Eucommia gum or Huanbu. With the output of these two products, it is impossible to produce one in a year.
Just like everyone knows that tires can be made from leather, so that bicycles can be made. However, tires require too much leather. The ancients could not keep themselves warm, so how could they use leather to make tires and make bicycles?
Therefore, both the bicycle that Chen Mu invented before and the steam train that Ma Jun is building now can only be used as ornamental models for viewing, and it is impossible to achieve mass production.
To put it simply, before the rubber was obtained, steam engines and bicycles were of no use and could not bring actual changes to Qingzhou.
When we travel, we should ride horses, carriages or horse-drawn carriages. Guan Yu will not ride a bicycle and travel thousands of miles alone, nor will Cao Cao ride a train and defeat Huarong Road. Whether it is on the battlefield or for civilian use, it is still the same as the Han Dynasty.
That's all.
certainly.
It cannot be said that it is completely meaningless. At least it has researched a feasible direction and laid a foundation for the future.
When the world is unified and the fleet brings back rubber tree species from South America, Hainan will be covered with rubber. By that time, maybe Chen Mu will be seven or eighty years old and he will really be able to see the Han Dynasty covered with trains.