In the first year of Zhang Wu, it was no longer like the previous years, where there was one big battle in March and one small battle in two months in the Central Plains. The whole world tended to be governed on a large scale and engaged in small-scale wars.
Although Liu Bei marched north with a mighty army of more than 100,000 people, he actually did not bring too many troops. Most of them were Zhang Yan and Xian Yufu's troops, and most of them were Xianbei and Wuhuan people who had taken refuge with him.
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Liu Bei did not dislike these foreigners who came to seek refuge with him. As long as they were capable, he entrusted them with important responsibilities. For example, Yan Rou, Kebi Neng and others were all given the rank of general, and allocate money and food to his own account.
Some people may question whether Hu people are also appointed as court officials?
But from the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, why was it an open international dynasty that was universally recognized and visited by all nations?
It is because the two empires embrace all rivers and embrace all things.
During the Western Han Dynasty, the Huns Jin Rixi and Guanglu were one of the four great ministers left by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to assist Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty.
During the Tang Dynasty, there were more than 3,000 foreigners serving as officials, and there were even foreigners serving as prime ministers. Basically, Chinese people from all surrounding dependent countries were treated equally with Han people.
An Lushan's ability to start a rebellion is inseparable from Li Longji's trust.
In fact, strictly speaking, if an empire wants to expand its influence and become a great state in the Celestial Empire, the Tang Dynasty's approach is right.
The true way to treat both Hu and Han alike is that no matter which country or ethnicity you are from, as long as you serve me, the Tang Dynasty, then I will treat you as one of my own.
Without special treatment, you will be treated the same way as the Han people.
For example, Ashina Duer, Qibi Heli, Black Teeth Changzhi, Zhihusi Li, Gao Xianzhi, Ge Shuhan, etc. are all famous generals of the Tang Dynasty. Although they are barbarians, they did not affect the expansion of territory for the Tang Dynasty.
Dedicate your life.
However, there was a problem with the Tang Dynasty's Jiedushi policy. The power of the feudal officials was too great and the finances were integrated, which led to the rise of local forces and eventually caused the Anshi Rebellion.
Therefore, the decline of the Tang Dynasty actually has nothing to do with the appointment of Hu people, because as long as this system exists, as long as those Jiedu envoys have power over local governments and can control taxation and military power, even if there is no An Lushan Shi Siming, there will be Zhang Lushan and Li Siming.
Therefore, it is not a bad thing for foreigners to serve as officials, but the system must be standardized and all military and political power cannot be handed over to warlords.
When Chen Mu considered these issues, he would naturally absorb the enlightened system of the Tang Dynasty.
Even in later generations, there will be no problems with this kind of enlightenment.
The fifty-six ethnic groups in Greater China are one family, and many ethnic minorities have served as national leaders in later generations.
Therefore, if the country wants to develop a healthy system in the long run, it is also a very important factor to only value ability and character, rather than family background and ethnicity.
After Liu Bei's army arrived at Zhuojun, they met up with Xian Yufu and rewarded a large number of Wuhuan, Xianbei and other ethnic minority leaders who came to seek refuge. More than 100,000 people gathered in Zhuojun, and carts of grain and grass were sent to them every day.
Zhuojun delivery.
The emperor personally led the expedition, and the whole Zhuojun became lively, especially because the emperor was a native of Zhuojun, and he returned to his hometown in glory and glory.
However, Liu Bei was a man who made a clear distinction between public affairs and private affairs. He did not go back to Lousang because he arrived in his hometown. He only stayed in Zhuoxian for a few days to handle a large number of official affairs in the army and waited for the Wuhuan and Xianbei people from all walks of life to come to see him.
The first one to come was Nanlou. Historically, Nanlou followed Yuan Shao to defeat Gongsun Zan, and eventually got involved with Tadun, and was finally completely defeated by Cao Cao at Bailang Mountain in Liucheng.
But now history has changed a lot. When Gongsun Zan was the magistrate of Zhuo County in Zhuo County, he used the shochu given to him by Chen Mu to start business, selling wine, food, and salt. The first ones to do business were Daijun, Shanggu, Yuyang, etc.
The Wuhuan and Xianbei people of the land.
The Wuhuan people in Youzhou are generally divided into five groups, namely the Nanlou tribe, the Pufulu tribe, the Supuyan tribe, the Wuyan tribe and the Qiuliju tribe.
Their living ranges from west to east are Pufulu living in Dai County, Nanlou living in Shanggu County, Wuyan living in Youbeiping County, Qiu Liju living in Liaoxi County, and Su Puyan living in Liaodong County.
The Pufulu tribe and Shanggu Nanlou tribe of Daijun, which are closest to Zhuojun in the west, are separated by more than a thousand kilometers from the Supuyan tribe of Liaodong, which is the easternmost one. The habitats of the two sides are very far apart.
Nanlou was the leader of Wuhuan in Shanggu. Because he was closest to Zhuojun, he was the first to deal with Gongsun Zan. The tribe's cattle, sheep and furs needed Gongsun Zan to sell them, and he also needed to transport wine, food, food and salt. In the end, almost the entire tribe's economic lifeline was controlled by Gongsun Zan.
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Therefore, in this case, the Wuhuan Xianbei people in Daijun, Shanggu, Yuyang and other places had the best relationship with Gongsun Zan.
The Wuhuan people in western Liaoning, namely Tadun's uncles Qiu Liju and Su Puyan, were far away from each other and had less business and dealings with Gongsun Zan. They were eventually won over by Yuan Shao and fought against Gongsun Zan.
Fortunately, Gongsun Zan had already won over the Nanlou and Pufulu tribes, as well as the Suli, Huaitou and other tribes of Xianbei in the east, and the three gangs of heroes helped him resist Yuan Shao's offensive.
Now that everything has settled, Liu Bei's army went north to settle accounts after the fall, and to find trouble with Qiu Liju, Su Puyan, Wuyan, and Qianman, Fuluohan, Budugen and others from Xianbei in the central part. These people who had helped Yuan Shao before
, all the Hu people who had rebelled against the imperial court were eliminated.
However, although Liu Bei declared this to the outside world, the surrounding barbarian forces were all trembling with fear, fearing that this was Liu Bei's false plan to defeat Guo. Therefore, they wrote letters claiming to be ministers and paying tribute, and expressed that they had no intention of rebelling against the imperial court.
Liu Bei immediately wrote back to appease him, and using the credibility of the emperor of the Han Dynasty as a guarantee, he invited many surrounding Wuhuan and Xianbei leaders to come to Zhuoxian to discuss matters.
Xian Yufu personally went to the Wuhuan and Xianbei tribes to persuade them to go south. Therefore, although Liu Bei had set out for Youzhou in April, he stayed in Zhuojun until June and did not send troops eastward.
At this moment, he was in the Zhuoxian County Government Mansion, holding a copy of "On How to Unite All Ethnic Groups" written by Chen Mu in his hand. He was studying it carefully, and gained new insights every time he read it.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! "Your Majesty, Lord Nanlou is here."
Xun Yu came in to inform him.
Liu Bei put down the book in his hand and said with a smile: "Invite him in."
Nanlou is sixty years old this year. He has been the leader of Shanggu Wuhuan for more than thirty years since the early years of Emperor Kangxi. He has a very high prestige among Shanggu Wuhuan.
At this time, he had a vicissitudes of life, a long beard, and came in wearing a clean but somewhat shabby silk gown.
China has had the concept of clothing since ancient times, and the Han people have always regarded gorgeous clothing as beauty.
For example, Liu Bei liked beautiful clothes when he was a boy.
The Hu people wear sheepskin jackets in winter and pleated cloth trousers in summer, which are called Hu clothes.
Although Hufu is mainly simple and suitable for riding on horseback, for example, King Wuling of Zhao said that Hufu was used for riding and shooting.
But the appearance was very untidy, so at that time, except for army soldiers, ordinary Han people disliked Hu clothing and called it barbarian clothing.
Nanlou was a Hu man, so he naturally wore Hu clothes. However, he came to see the emperor, so he searched around at home for a long time, found a Central Plains silk gown and came to see him, so as not to be disrespectful in front of the emperor.
From this point of view, Nanlou was still very nervous. After all, he was really afraid that Liu Bei would go north to conquer Wuhuan and Xianbei and destroy his own tribe by the way.
"Transform the foreign barbarians into the presence of the Emperor of Han Dynasty!"
After Nanlou came in, he saw someone wearing the emperor's clothes above the county government office, and he quickly knelt down and kowtowed in ceremony.
"Master Nanlou, please get up."
Liu Bei immediately stood up, walked to the hall, helped Nanlou up, and said kindly: "Master Nanlou, there is no need to bow down. Except for the imperial court, I, a big man, do not need to kneel down when I see the emperor."
Nanlou quickly said: "I am ignorant of etiquette, please blame me, Your Majesty."
"Don't blame those who don't know."
After Liu Bei pulled him up, he took his hand and took him to the banquet. He said with a smile: "I am very happy that Lord Nanlou can come. What else is there to blame? Come on, come on, sir!"
sit down."
"Thank you, Your Majesty."
Nanlou felt relieved when he saw his easy-going attitude.
In fact, from the Han Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, in informal and important occasions such as state dynasties and sacrifices, ministers did not need to kneel down when they saw the emperor. They only had to hold their hands in salute.
Nanlou has lived in Shanggu for a long time and often interacts with Han people. How could he not know the etiquette?
By doing this, he naturally lowered his status.
First, he lowered his stance, then complained, and then showed his previous achievements in helping Gongsun Zan deal with Yuan Shao. By the way, he also explained that he was willing to submit to the imperial court and would not be an enemy of the imperial court.
This is Nanlou's plan for coming here this time.
Unless Liu Bei disregards the face of the Celestial Empire, after this operation, Liu Bei's custody will have to be abandoned even if it is a true and false way to conquer Guo.
It has to be said that even ethnic minorities should have some political acumen if they reach Nanlou's status and age.
But he obviously thought too much.
Liu Bei has no intention of killing all the Wuhuan and Xianbei people. There are one to two million Wuhuan and Xianbei people living in Youzhou. If they are all killed, how many people will be killed?
So when he came here this time, he was ready to start implementing Chen Mu's ethnic minority plan to turn the Wuhuan Xianbei people into real "Han people".
I saw him sitting back in his seat, smiling and saying to Nanlou: "I know that Master Nanlou has doubts in his heart. Seeing that I led so many soldiers and horses northward, he felt worried and uneasy. I am here to assure Master Nanlou that,
We will never use troops against the Wuhuan people who have surrendered to the imperial court. If there is any violation, heaven and man will abandon them."
"Your Majesty, your words are serious. Xiaomin has absolutely no such idea. The ancestors of Xiaomin are the Donghu people who were defeated by the Huns. Thanks to the big Han, they can continue the tribe. All the people in my Nanlou Department are willing to do their best for the Han."
Nanlou originally wanted to complain and express his merits, but he didn't expect Liu Bei to go straight to the point. All his original preparations were of no effect. He couldn't deal with him for a while, and he quickly patted his chest to ensure that he was loyal to the big man and would never give up.
They will learn from Taton and rebel against the imperial court.
Liu Bei smiled and waved his hands and said: "I naturally know Lord Nanlou's loyalty. I am also from Youzhou, so why don't I know the situation of the Wuhuan people? In fact, I came here this time to summon you and other tribal leaders.
To help you."
"Help us?"
Nanlou became alert for a moment and asked tentatively: "How does Your Majesty plan to help?"
Liu Bei said: "Since you live in the Han land, you are naturally my Han people. There is no need to call yourself Hu people anymore. From now on you can call yourself Han people, specifically the Wuhuan people of the Han Dynasty. In the future, your situation will be the same as that of the Han people."
The people are treated equally, and they can be officials and do business in the Han Dynasty, just like all Han people."
"this......."
Nanlou suspected that Liu Bei wanted to annex his tribe, and quickly said: "Your Majesty, the common people are all vulgar outsiders, how can they be compared with the people of the Celestial Dynasty? And I..."
"Master Nanlou, don't worry, listen to what I have to say first."
Liu Bei interrupted him with a smile: "I know Master Nanlou's concerns, but I would like to ask Master Nanlou, do you think grazing in the north of Saibei is a long-term solution?"
Nanlou hesitated and said: "This has been true for generations..."
Liu Bei said: "Master Nanlou, think about it. There is no written language in Wuhuan yet. The tribes have a hard time surviving. They wear sheepskin and live in tents. They eat hair and drink blood every day. They are no different from savages. Think about how powerful the Xiongnu was in those days. They fell apart overnight. Once Tanshi
Sophora japonica’s Xianbei is also scornful, but where is the powerful Xianbei now?”
Nanlou has no answer.
Liu Bei continued: "I am from Youzhou myself, so why don't I know that the Hu people in Saibei graze all day long. In times of famine, I don't know how many people will die or be injured. How can I persist in this kind of precarious life? I know Lord Nanlou."
It is suspected that I want to annex your tribe. You only need to know that I have no such intention. I just want to bring Wuhuan under the control of the Han Dynasty so that the Wuhuan people can live in peace forever without worrying about being destroyed at any time."
Nanlou said with emotion: "How can your Majesty ensure that the Wuhuan people can live in peace forever?"
The biggest concern of prairie civilization is the continuation of tribes and the demise of nations, because this problem occurs every day on the prairie.
Outside the Great Wall to the north of Youzhou, new tribes appear every moment and old tribes disappear.
Although it seems that grassland civilization and agricultural civilization are developing sustainably. Agricultural civilization cultivates land, reclaims wasteland, grows food, harvests grain, and continues to cultivate to survive.
People in the grasslands herd cattle and sheep and eat their meat. The cattle and sheep continued to reproduce, providing milk and meat to the people in the grasslands.
However, the biggest disadvantage of grassland civilization is its instability. The growth cycle of cattle and sheep is long. In ancient times without breed cultivation, the growth cycle of a sheep often took more than one year, and it took two or three years for a cow to be slaughtered.
One sheep can only provide food for a family for a few days. If you want to make a living, you must raise a large number of cattle and sheep. A family must raise at least dozens or hundreds of cattle and sheep.
However, every household raises so many cattle and sheep, and there is simply not enough water and grass. If you want to survive, you have to compete for land with abundant water and grass.
So everyone started to get involved crazily and fight each other. Occasionally, at the end of the struggle, a powerful tribe would appear, such as the Xiongnu in the Western Han Dynasty, the Xianbei in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Turks in the Tang Dynasty, the Mongolia in the Southern Song Dynasty, etc.
Without sufficient productivity, the grassland peoples had no choice but to go south and plunder the farming peoples. This has been a big problem for China for thousands of years, repeated over and over again.
Nanlou himself is the leader of the Wuhuan tribe, the largest in Youzhou, so how could he not know the difficulties faced by the tribe?
Therefore, when he learned that Liu Bei's purpose was to solve the survival problem of the Wuhuan people, which was also the issue he was most concerned about, he immediately became very interested.
This is Chen Mu's first method when solving ethnic problems, which is to understand the situation of this nation, help them solve the fundamental problems of the nation, and then carry out transformation step by step.
For example, the biggest problem for the Wuhuan people was survival. Jizhou and Qingzhou happened to be the two most important grain-producing areas of the Han Dynasty. He brought the Wuhuan people under his command and the government organized the trade and production between Youzhou and Jizhou.
Let a large amount of cereal grains enter Youzhou and meat food enter the hinterland of Guandong. Both sides can get what they need and solve the most basic problem of food and clothing, and then the next round of promotion of national integration can begin.
This method would actually be difficult to achieve in the unified agricultural civilization period. Because productivity is limited, it is already difficult to feed one's own people. How can one feed others?
The Eastern Han Dynasty hired so many Hu people every year and often defaulted on wages, causing the Hu people to rebel. This was because the Eastern Han Dynasty itself had serious financial and agricultural problems.
But now we are in troubled times. The economy of the powerful landowners in the manor has collapsed, the land annexation problem has been solved, the farmland has been redistributed by the government and returned to the hands of the people, and productivity has been improved.
Moreover, Liu Bei only needs to care about the life and death of the people under his rule, and there will be a surplus of food. Naturally, he can adopt such a policy towards the small number of barbarians.
And if you want to feed the entire people of the Han Dynasty plus all the barbarians around the Han Dynasty, then this productivity will definitely not be enough.
We need to wait until the Han Dynasty is unified in the future to carry out land reform and add potatoes, corn, sweet potatoes and other high-yielding crops from the Americas.
After all, relying on these things, the Qing Dynasty supported 400 million people, and now the total population of the entire Han Dynasty plus surrounding ethnic minorities does not exceed 100 million. With the super productivity and the execution power of the new dynasty, this can be achieved.
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Then when rubber trees were planted on a large scale, steam engines and railways began to develop.
In the future, it is not a dream for the Han Dynasty to become a world-class country that is even more prosperous than the Tang Dynasty a few hundred years later, with a territory spanning the entire Asia, Central Asia, West Asia, and even Europe.
And the starting point of all this started when the Han Dynasty first brought the Wuhuan and Xianbei people under his command!