After listening to Chen Mu's explanation, Mr. Pang Degong said again: "What's the point of encouraging industry and commerce? Since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, all countries have focused on agriculture and suppressed business. They were afraid of giving up farming and becoming businessmen. Why did Mr. Chen do the opposite?
Do it?"
"This question is complicated to talk about, but easy to explain."
Chen Mu smiled and said: "In fact, the fundamental purpose is to reduce the agricultural population and promote the development of handicrafts and commerce. When your total productivity increases, for example, you once needed 30 million people to engage in agricultural production to ensure the survival of all the people of the Han Dynasty.
But now, when you only need 20 million or even 10 million people to produce, what will happen if 30 million people continue to produce agriculture?"
Pang Degong pondered: "I understand that under the premise of expanding productivity, 30 million people continue to engage in agriculture, which will inevitably lead to an increase in grain production, and the price of millet, wheat, and rice will plummet. Ban Gu's "Food and Goods Chronicles" said: Buying is expensive
, hurts the people; buying lowly will hurt the farmers. If the people are hurt, they will be separated, and if the farmers are hurt, the country will be poor. This is the truth."
"good."
Chen Mu nodded: "And there are many benefits to encouraging industry and commerce. One is to make powerful families have no tenants to hire. Even if they want to hire, it will cost a lot of money. The other is to promote business prosperity. Only handicraft industry can develop vigorously, and commercial trade
Once this is guaranteed, the country can collect commercial taxes, take them from the people, and use them for the people, thus ensuring the healthy growth of the country."
Pang Degong and Sima Hui couldn't help but nod their heads when listening to Chen Mu's idea of governing the country. However, Pang Tong, Xu Shu and others around them were confused. They all understood the principles and had vaguely understood the meaning of productivity. But now the big man is riddled with holes.
If you don’t have money and you don’t have the people you need, how can you increase productivity?
Naturally, they didn't know the content of the conversation between the three of them a few days ago. Chen Mu had already increased productivity by allowing double-cropping rice to appear in the south, and was also building a large number of water conservancy facilities to fight drought and floods. Therefore, at this critical juncture, everyone could only remain silent.
In the fog.
Fortunately, Sima Hui knew that a few students had not listened, so he specially explained a few words to them and told them roughly some of the content of the conversation a few days ago, which made everyone suddenly realize.
I heard Pang Degong say again: "A few days ago, Chen Gong talked about the first five-year plan. After unifying the Han Dynasty, we will vigorously develop productivity. The second five-year plan will coordinate the development of steam engines and the so-called natural
I was in a hurry at the time, so I only got a general idea, but I didn’t know the specific content.”
Chen Mu smiled and said: "The concept of natural science has been explained to you two. "Zhuangzi" once said: Nature is often not beneficial to life. This nature is all things in the world, and natural science means that people adapt to all things, discover all things, and change all things
, a process of creating all things.”
"Natural science, as a type of discipline, includes biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, etc. "Mencius" said: The Master set up subjects so as not to pursue those who have gone by and not keep away from those who have come. Therefore, natural science can also be called
science!"
"At present, Qingzhou Taishan Academy has conducted in-depth study of natural science, and has made some achievements in transforming and creating all things. However, these things must be done step by step. It is impossible for people to thoroughly study the mysteries of the universe overnight, so this may
It is a huge project that will take decades, hundreds, or even thousands of years."
"In summary, my philosophy of governing the country is actually very simple. Develop productive forces so that the people can have enough to eat, so that the people of the Han Dynasty can do more things they want to do. Develop natural science and study the principles of all things in nature to change the Han Dynasty.
Life is like a steam engine that can travel thousands of miles in one day."
"The remaining plans are the means to develop productivity and develop natural science."
"For example, I will vigorously build canals and water conservancy facilities. These things can fight floods and droughts and ensure increased productivity. At the same time, I will vigorously promote education so that the Han people can at least read and read, and discover better talents, so as to expand more
The team that studies natural science.”
"Now the Han people are not short of money, but they are short of population and a relatively stable living environment. When I was in Qingzhou, I sent a fleet overseas and arrived in the Wonu Kingdom. I found that there were open-pit gold, silver, and copper mines everywhere and huge mineral reserves.
This gives the country sufficient confidence, there is no shortage of money, productivity has increased, and there is no need to worry about the great man’s footprints spreading all over the universe, and why the country will not last long?”
One sentence explains the mystery of whether a country can maintain long-term peace and stability.
Although governing the country is far more complicated than what Chen Mu said, there will be many problems. But in the final analysis, it is still a matter of productivity and technological level.
Productivity has kept up. Just like the Qing Dynasty, not only Champa rice was produced, but also high-yielding crops such as corn, sweet potatoes, and potatoes were produced. Productivity was greatly improved, the population reached four to five billion, and the rule was extremely stable.
If the level of science and technology can keep up, like the New China in later generations, it will rise from a poor and weak country that was wantonly bullied by foreign powers to become a world-class country and become the second-ranked top power in the world.
Therefore, for a huge country, productivity and technological level will always be the only criterion for measuring national strength.
The rest of the means, such as promoting economic prosperity, developing transportation, transportation logistics, etc., are just efforts to improve productivity and technological levels.
Some people may also say that even in the new era of the future, most people are not living a satisfactory life. They earn thousands of dollars a month, work 996 hours of overtime, are sucked by the capitalists, and struggle on the poverty line.
But the thing to consider is that this is a big guy.
An era in which most people have to worry about having enough to eat and have two meals a day.
The productivity of future generations has been sufficient. The country is prosperous and prosperous. People can surf the Internet, play on mobile phones, order takeaways, and eat various snacks. People live and work in peace and contentment, and it is almost impossible to starve to death.
Even the life of the emperor of Han Dynasty today is far less convenient than the life of an ordinary fat house in later generations in terms of food, life and entertainment.
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! In the Han Dynasty, people were starving and there were countless cases of cannibalism.
Therefore, no matter how young people in future generations complain, saying that they cannot afford to buy a house, eat, or live a normal life, compared to ordinary people like the Han people who have been displaced due to war and disease and whose lives are at risk, it is already a paradise and a hell.
Therefore, in an era where even survival is a luxury for the people, the first thing to do is to feed the people, and the rest of the problems can only be dealt with later.
From this point of view, Chen Mu's various methods transcend the times.
Whether it is improving productivity, promoting education, or developing science, it is all about preparing for the future.
Productivity and productivity must be grasped with both hands, and both hands must be strong.
It can be said that the current Han Dynasty is indeed poor and backward, but according to his correct conception, the future will be full of vitality.
Chen Mu, on the other hand, has single-handedly pushed the now backward country forward for several eras.
In his lifetime, he could raise the productivity and technological level of the Han Dynasty to the level of Asia and Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries, and that would basically be the limit.
Let the next generation do the rest.
After listening to his words, everyone fell into deep thought. Pang Degong sighed: "I used to think that it would be very difficult to govern the world. But after Chen Gong appeared, I realized that many things were my fault.
It’s too complicated.”
“Looking at the essence through phenomena is a point of view that I put forward many times when I was giving lectures to students at Taishan Academy in Qingzhou.”
Chen Mu talked eloquently: "The cornerstone of the country is productivity, and the future of the country is natural science. And other things, such as powerful families occupying land and causing turmoil or even collapse of the country, are actually just superficial. These things can be banned and removed through policies.
Weaken. Only when the national strength is strong can a country and a nation stand at the top of the universe!"
"I have brought some students myself, but I would like to know how Mr. Chen should conduct education?"
Sima Hui asked.
Chen Mu smiled and said: "It's very simple, literacy rate and basic education."
"Appreciate further details."
Sima Hui sat upright and waited for the answer.
Chen Mu said: "A country will definitely have countless drawbacks and problems, the most typical of which is the problem of officials. Officials are corrupt and collude with powerful people to oppress the people. I solve this problem by weakening the power of officials. But many things must be done from
Let’s start from the roots. What are the sources of officials? They are scholars, and education is the cornerstone of a country.”
"Everyone in the world should receive education, not only reading and literacy, but also learning etiquette and moral character, and establishing correct moral concepts from an early age. Obeying laws and disciplines is only the basis, and you must also know how to restrain your greed. Mencius said: People
The original nature of man is good. Xunzi said: The original nature of man is evil."
"But in my opinion, people should be chaotic at first, with no clear idea of good and evil. They need to be shaped. And through education, an excellent teacher can establish good moral character and build more correct ideas for children from an early age."
"The Book of Songs" says: "There is no beginning for failure, and there is an end for failure. The influence of childhood is often followed throughout life. Therefore, when it comes to education, I pay more attention to establishing virtues for children when they are young, and then establishing deeds when they grow up, and finally establishing meritorious deeds."
, these are the three immortals in "Zuo Zhuan"."
"If I dominate the world in the future, I will build township schools and county schools in various places to allow children aged 6-15 to attend for free. These educations are basic education, teaching children to read and write, as well as some simple arithmetic, popular science and natural knowledge.
.At the same time, standardize etiquette and cultivate children’s qualities such as respect for teachers, filial piety, brotherhood, and friendship.”
"Beyond the township schools and county schools, there are the county schools and the state schools. These two schools are for advanced knowledge. After graduating from the state schools, you can take exams and choose to be an official or do other jobs.
If you want to go further, you can take the Chinese Studies exam."
"I want to re-establish Imperial College in Luoyang. Together with Taishan Academy, the Han Dynasty will have two Chinese studies. This Chinese study is the highest institution of learning in natural science and all learning. Whether you are engaged in politics or scientific research, you must study Chinese studies.
Because Chinese studies will definitely provide the most resources and the richest knowledge, allowing a large number of smart people to study in it."
In Chen Mu's conception, in addition to the separation of public security, prosecution and law, another important means of local governance is the rule of etiquette and the rule of virtue.
This method will not be considered in future generations. The population of 1.3 billion is too huge and it will be difficult to carry out this method.
However, the Eastern Han Dynasty had a land area of nearly 6 million square kilometers, but a population of only about 30 to 40 million. The land was really vast and sparsely populated. There were many counties with a total population of less than 10,000 people, and counties with more than 10,000 people were considered large counties.
A small country with few people is easy to manage. If the county magistrate and officials at all levels have any troubles, poor governance or bullying of the people, they will be immediately known to the villages and spread.
The Han Dynasty governed the world with filial piety, which was actually a way of governing by virtue. Chen Mu's approach was to promote this method and at the same time strengthen supervision methods.
Historically, by the time of Emperor Huan, there was already a rural nursery rhyme that goes, "If you are a scholar, you don't know how to write. If you are a filial piety, your father will leave. If you are poor, you will be as white and turbid as mud, and if you are a high-ranking general, you will be as timid as a chicken." This tells us about the moral governance of the Han Dynasty.
And the inspection and promotion system has reached a very bad stage.
Therefore, officials must not only govern morally, but also be supervised.
In addition to using systems and supervision to require officials to have good moral character, there is also education.
Education should start from childhood.
Children must be trained to have good moral character, good knowledge, and comprehensive development of moral, intellectual, physical, artistic, and physical skills from an early age. Only then can they be regulated when they become officials in the future.
Therefore, in addition to supervising officials, Chen Mu also plans to implement township schools in each township and county schools in the counties. Taking advantage of the fact that there is no shortage of money, Chen Mu also plans to provide free compulsory education.
Then county schools and state schools will be established. These schools will not provide free education, but poor and outstanding students can receive subsidies.
Township schools and county schools mainly enable people to learn literacy, basic education, and understand etiquette and moral character. When they arrive at county schools, they formally begin to learn all kinds of knowledge.
At the same time, examinations are set up in schools to allow students to complete the requirements for jumping into school.
If compared with the knowledge learning of later generations, township schools and county schools are equivalent to elementary schools, county schools are equivalent to the first grade of junior high school, and state schools are equivalent to the second and third grades of junior high school.
There is no way, even the mathematics, physics and chemistry level of Taishan Academy is barely up to the level of a first-year high school student.
Some are beyond, some are below, the levels are uneven and cannot be unified at all.
Abandon the previous inspection system and replace it with an examination system.
In this way, a large number of students with excellent moral character can be cultivated from the root, ensuring that the officialdom will not be too dark.
certainly.
Regardless of any system, it is an ideal system.
As long as you are human, there will always be loopholes to exploit.
Educating children to have good moral character from an early age may not necessarily lead to good moral character when they grow up, and they will still become corrupt even if they should.
Therefore, rain, dew, and thunder are indispensable. Use generous salaries to ensure that officials will not be corrupt, use strict systems and harsh penalties to ensure that officials do not dare to abuse their power, and then use noble moral character to restrain them, and try to achieve more than 90%
Officials are good officials who do practical things for the people.
This is what Chen Mu wants to do in terms of official restructuring and education.
In fact, he did not completely copy later generations.
All his systems were derived from the actual conditions of the Han Dynasty.
In later generations, New China was in dire straits and was short of money, food, and materials. It was very difficult to govern the country, but it finally survived.
Compared with that period, Chen Mu's current situation is much better.
Because the era he lived in was a barbaric era. At this time, Russia in later generations was still a wilderness with few people. The ancestors of the Slavs lived in a primitive society and were no different from ape-men.
Not to mention the American continent, even by the 15th century, the Indian nation had not formed a unified country and was still living a tribal and nomadic life. It is also a primitive society now.
As for other places in West Asia, South America, Africa, and Australia, things are basically the same. Those places in Japan and South Korea are also in the tribal era.
In the entire world, the only one with an ancient civilization that could compete with the Han Dynasty was the ancient Roman Empire in Europe.
At this time, the Roman Empire was still very powerful, with a larger population than the Han Dynasty, and its overall strength was about the same.
It just happened that at this time, the Roman Empire was turning from prosperity to decline. In the era of the Severan Dynasty, the once strong national power had declined, and there was also internal chaos and turmoil.
If the Han Dynasty can be unified and follow the path envisioned by Chen Mu, it will be a matter of time before they surpass the Roman Empire.
The most important thing is that the big man has money.
After World War II, the basic structure of the world has been established, and it is difficult to make a fortune through plunder.
But now?
Recently, Japan has been able to start harvesting wool.
After Japan's rich open-pit gold, silver and copper mines are mined, and then we move to the Western Regions, West Asia, Russia, and the Americas, there will always be a place for the big man to collect wool and maintain sufficient economic vitality.
This is the biggest advantage of the Han Dynasty now, and it is also the biggest opportunity that Chen Mu has gained after traveling through time from later generations.
The Han Dynasty is lagging behind, but as long as it seizes this opportunity and is stronger than other countries in the world at the same time, it will be natural for the Han Dynasty to plant its flag all over the world in a few decades or hundreds of years!
After listening to Chen Mu's words, everyone felt that it was unfathomable and fascinating.
And the next time will be more content.
Chen Mu informed everyone about his philosophy of governing the country, social practice, scientific and technological production, educational ideas, civilization phenomena, and many unbridled ideas.
Everyone was so mesmerized after hearing this that they wanted to go to Qingzhou Taishan Academy immediately to see the prosperous age of scientific research described by Chen Mu.
The lecture lasted from afternoon to evening, and everyone was still full of ideas.
At the end, Chen Mu stopped narrating.
Only then did everyone realize that it was getting dark before they knew it.
Mrs. Pang was afraid that everyone would think it was dark, so she lit a few precious candles, which meant that the Pang family was also a wealthy family in Jingzhou and had countless fields, otherwise they would not be able to use it.
Chen Mu looked at the candles, suddenly laughed, looked around and said, "I suddenly remembered something."
Pang Degong hurriedly asked: "What's the matter?"
Chen Mu then smiled and said: "Pang Gong is also one of the seven great families in Jingzhou: Pang, Huang, Cai, Kuai, Ma, Xi and Yang. But today, Pang Gong asked me many times how to weaken the oppression of the people by the powerful families. This
For Pang Gong, this is not something that Pang Gong’s class should think about.”
Pang Degong also laughed: "Speaking of it, Sima Xiandi and I should also be in the first level of powerful families, and are called the ruling class by Chen Gong. But my life's ideal is to stay away from the darkness of officialdom, farm and learn in the mountains, and never want to bully the people.
.”
"Even in different classes, there are always people who are willing to give up their own good life for their ideals. Pang Gong's ideals are admirable."
Chen Mu cupped his hands and said: "If the two gentlemen agree with some of my ideas and ideas about governing the country, I would like to ask the two gentlemen to serve as officials. We can help each other, be friends together, and create a new great man together, and live up to our ambitions."
, what do you two think?"
After all, it’s all a matter of hope.
The ultimate purpose of Chen Mu's two visits was to seek Duke Pang De's support in moving south to seize Jingzhou!
In Jingzhou, there are seven aristocratic families: Pang, Huang, Cai, Kuai, Ma, Xi, and Yang. These seven families marry each other and build a complex network of personal connections within Jingzhou.
Among the seven major families, there are Pang Degong, Pang Tong, Pang Lin, Pang Shanmin, Huang Chengyan, Cai Mao, Kuai Yue, Kuai Liang, Kuai Qi, Ma Liang, Ma Su, Xi Zhen, Xizhen, Yang Lu, Yang Yi, Yang Yong and other historical celebrities.
He is a representative figure of major families in Jingzhou.
Among all the celebrities, Duke Pang De was the leader.
Because his influence is unparalleled in Jingzhou, he has the right to speak and evaluate, and his words and deeds can influence the direction of public opinion. Whoever wants to be famous can become famous.
Therefore, in the hearts of all scholars in Jingzhou, Pang Degong holds a pivotal position.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! If you can get his support, then Liu Biao's support among Shilin will plummet, and the major families and talents in Jingzhou will no longer consider supporting Liu Biao.
The difficulty of capturing Xiangyang will also be reduced a lot.
Duke Pang De sighed: "I once knew that Liu Biao was not a wise master, so when many people asked me whether I could become an official under Liu Biao, I did not suggest it. Now that I have met Duke Chen, I understand why Liu Xuande died in vain.
Winning the position of Emperor of the Han Dynasty. The three-pronged Han Dynasty is the general trend, and Liu Biao can't stop it. Being an official is not my ambition, but I am willing to win Jingzhou for the imperial court. In the future, I only hope to go to Taishan Academy to see with my own eyes what Chen Gong said
It can change the great man and create the natural science of all things, that’s all!”
Sima Hui also smiled and said: "It doesn't matter whether you are an official or not, but I am very interested in many things Mr. Chen said. I used to call myself a wise man in the world, and it was only after seeing Mr. Chen that I understood what it means to be a frog in the well. Although my disciples have no wisdom,
But I hope they can learn a lot from Duke Chen, and I am also willing to help the imperial court capture Jingzhou, and I hope to see the great Han in the future that Duke Chen said!"
"With the help of two of you, it will be easy to capture Jingzhou!"
Chen Mu said happily: "The two of you will be military advisors first. After Xiangyang is captured, I will personally take you to Qingzhou to see what happens."
Pang Degong looked at Pang Shanmin and Pang Tong and said with a smile: "Although my incompetent son and nephew have no talents, they have been with me for many years and have some experience. If Chen Gong does not dislike it, he also hopes that they can be with Chen Gong.
I worship Mr. Chen as my teacher."
Pang Shanmin and Pang Tong were quite clever and quickly raised their hands and said: "I would like to worship Mr. Chen as my teacher!"
Sima Hui also looked at Xiang Lang and others, and said with a smile: "Although you are my students, it is much better to follow Mr. Chen than to follow me. You can also worship Mr. Chen as your teacher."
.”
In the late Han Dynasty, there was a saying that "teachers are impermanent". Scholars traveled around and worshiped different people as their teachers to learn different knowledge of scriptures.
Although Xiang Lang, Liu Yan, Yin Mo and others were students of Sima Hui, they also had Song Zhong, another great scholar in Jingzhou, as their teacher. Therefore, unless they were the kind of disciples who entered the family, it was not a taboo to have multiple teachers.
"I would like to worship Mr. Chen as my teacher!"
Xiang Lang and others also quickly stood up and raised their hands.
The ones who were embarrassed at this time were Xu Shu, Shi Tao and Meng Jian.
The three of them are a few years younger than Chen Mu. At the same time, they are not Sima Hui's students. They are the type of friends who have always known each other like Pang De and Sima Hui.
If Chen Mu is about the same age as Ma Hui from Pang De Company, it would be okay for them to take advantage of the situation and become a disciple.
But I'm too young, so I can't help but feel ashamed.
In the end, Xu Shu was still thick-skinned. Confucius was not ashamed to ask for lessons from a seven-year-old child, not to mention that he was several years older than himself, so what if he wanted to learn from him?
At that moment, he was the first to hand over his hand: "I am also willing to worship Mr. Chen as my teacher."
"Tao, Jian is also willing!"
When Shi Tao and Meng Jian saw Xu Shu saluting, they did not want to fall behind.
Suddenly everyone planned to worship him as their teacher.
It was indeed Chen Mu's words that convinced everyone. After all, his concepts were very vulgar and easy to understand, including the fundamental reasons why a powerful family destroyed a dynasty. They could also be easily understood.
Pang Degong and Sima Hui themselves came from aristocratic families. How could they not understand how much land their families occupied and how many assets they had in their hands?
There are countless aristocratic families like the Han Dynasty, and there are only so many cakes. If they are all occupied by the aristocratic families, the people will naturally rebel.
Therefore, seeing the essence through phenomena makes the two of them admire Chen Mu's profound thoughts very much, thinking that he is a Confucius of this era, and following him to create an ideal man is what the two of them are willing to do.
Seeing that his goal had been achieved, Chen Mu laughed and said: "Shan, I always accept students without rejecting them, because I always believe that my philosophy of governing the country must be correct. After you follow me,
You must study hard and carry forward my teachings. Today's great men are called poor and weak, but when they finish their studies in the future, I only hope that you will make the great men prosperous and strong, do you understand?"
"only!"
Everyone responded in unison, with unprecedented enthusiasm!