After listening to Chen Mu's explanation, Mr. Pang Degong said again: "What's the point of encouraging industry and commerce? Since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, all countries have focused on agriculture and suppressed business. They were afraid of giving up farming and becoming businessmen. Why did Mr. Chen do the opposite?

Do it?"

"This question is complicated to talk about, but easy to explain."

Chen Mu smiled and said: "In fact, the fundamental purpose is to reduce the agricultural population and promote the development of handicrafts and commerce. When your total productivity increases, for example, you once needed 30 million people to engage in agricultural production to ensure the survival of all the people of the Han Dynasty.

But now, when you only need 20 million or even 10 million people to produce, what will happen if 30 million people continue to produce agriculture?"

Pang Degong pondered: "I understand that under the premise of expanding productivity, 30 million people continue to engage in agriculture, which will inevitably lead to an increase in grain production, and the price of millet, wheat, and rice will plummet. Ban Gu's "Food and Goods Chronicles" said: Buying is expensive

, hurts the people; buying lowly will hurt the farmers. If the people are hurt, they will be separated, and if the farmers are hurt, the country will be poor. This is the truth."

"good."

Chen Mu nodded: "And there are many benefits to encouraging industry and commerce. One is to make powerful families have no tenants to hire. Even if they want to hire, it will cost a lot of money. The other is to promote business prosperity. Only handicraft industry can develop vigorously, and commercial trade

Once this is guaranteed, the country can collect commercial taxes, take them from the people, and use them for the people, thus ensuring the healthy growth of the country."

Pang Degong and Sima Hui couldn't help but nod their heads when listening to Chen Mu's idea of ​​governing the country. However, Pang Tong, Xu Shu and others around them were confused. They all understood the principles and had vaguely understood the meaning of productivity. But now the big man is riddled with holes.

If you don’t have money and you don’t have the people you need, how can you increase productivity?

Naturally, they didn't know the content of the conversation between the three of them a few days ago. Chen Mu had already increased productivity by allowing double-cropping rice to appear in the south, and was also building a large number of water conservancy facilities to fight drought and floods. Therefore, at this critical juncture, everyone could only remain silent.

In the fog.

Fortunately, Sima Hui knew that a few students had not listened, so he specially explained a few words to them and told them roughly some of the content of the conversation a few days ago, which made everyone suddenly realize.

I heard Pang Degong say again: "A few days ago, Chen Gong talked about the first five-year plan. After unifying the Han Dynasty, we will vigorously develop productivity. The second five-year plan will coordinate the development of steam engines and the so-called natural

I was in a hurry at the time, so I only got a general idea, but I didn’t know the specific content.”

Chen Mu smiled and said: "The concept of natural science has been explained to you two. "Zhuangzi" once said: Nature is often not beneficial to life. This nature is all things in the world, and natural science means that people adapt to all things, discover all things, and change all things

, a process of creating all things.”

"Natural science, as a type of discipline, includes biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, etc. "Mencius" said: The Master set up subjects so as not to pursue those who have gone by and not keep away from those who have come. Therefore, natural science can also be called

science!"

"At present, Qingzhou Taishan Academy has conducted in-depth study of natural science, and has made some achievements in transforming and creating all things. However, these things must be done step by step. It is impossible for people to thoroughly study the mysteries of the universe overnight, so this may

It is a huge project that will take decades, hundreds, or even thousands of years."

"In summary, my philosophy of governing the country is actually very simple. Develop productive forces so that the people can have enough to eat, so that the people of the Han Dynasty can do more things they want to do. Develop natural science and study the principles of all things in nature to change the Han Dynasty.

Life is like a steam engine that can travel thousands of miles in one day."

"The remaining plans are the means to develop productivity and develop natural science."

"For example, I will vigorously build canals and water conservancy facilities. These things can fight floods and droughts and ensure increased productivity. At the same time, I will vigorously promote education so that the Han people can at least read and read, and discover better talents, so as to expand more

The team that studies natural science.”

"Now the Han people are not short of money, but they are short of population and a relatively stable living environment. When I was in Qingzhou, I sent a fleet overseas and arrived in the Wonu Kingdom. I found that there were open-pit gold, silver, and copper mines everywhere and huge mineral reserves.

This gives the country sufficient confidence, there is no shortage of money, productivity has increased, and there is no need to worry about the great man’s footprints spreading all over the universe, and why the country will not last long?”

One sentence explains the mystery of whether a country can maintain long-term peace and stability.

Although governing the country is far more complicated than what Chen Mu said, there will be many problems. But in the final analysis, it is still a matter of productivity and technological level.

Productivity has kept up. Just like the Qing Dynasty, not only Champa rice was produced, but also high-yielding crops such as corn, sweet potatoes, and potatoes were produced. Productivity was greatly improved, the population reached four to five billion, and the rule was extremely stable.

If the level of science and technology can keep up, like the New China in later generations, it will rise from a poor and weak country that was wantonly bullied by foreign powers to become a world-class country and become the second-ranked top power in the world.

Therefore, for a huge country, productivity and technological level will always be the only criterion for measuring national strength.

The rest of the means, such as promoting economic prosperity, developing transportation, transportation logistics, etc., are just efforts to improve productivity and technological levels.

Some people may also say that even in the new era of the future, most people are not living a satisfactory life. They earn thousands of dollars a month, work 996 hours of overtime, are sucked by the capitalists, and struggle on the poverty line.

But the thing to consider is that this is a big guy.

An era in which most people have to worry about having enough to eat and have two meals a day.

The productivity of future generations has been sufficient. The country is prosperous and prosperous. People can surf the Internet, play on mobile phones, order takeaways, and eat various snacks. People live and work in peace and contentment, and it is almost impossible to starve to death.

Even the life of the emperor of Han Dynasty today is far less convenient than the life of an ordinary fat house in later generations in terms of food, life and entertainment.

This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! In the Han Dynasty, people were starving and there were countless cases of cannibalism.

Therefore, no matter how young people in future generations complain, saying that they cannot afford to buy a house, eat, or live a normal life, compared to ordinary people like the Han people who have been displaced due to war and disease and whose lives are at risk, it is already a paradise and a hell.

Therefore, in an era where even survival is a luxury for the people, the first thing to do is to feed the people, and the rest of the problems can only be dealt with later.

From this point of view, Chen Mu's various methods transcend the times.

Whether it is improving productivity, promoting education, or developing science, it is all about preparing for the future.

Productivity and productivity must be grasped with both hands, and both hands must be strong.

It can be said that the current Han Dynasty is indeed poor and backward, but according to his correct conception, the future will be full of vitality.

Chen Mu, on the other hand, has single-handedly pushed the now backward country forward for several eras.

In his lifetime, he could raise the productivity and technological level of the Han Dynasty to the level of Asia and Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries, and that would basically be the limit.

Let the next generation do the rest.

After listening to his words, everyone fell into deep thought. Pang Degong sighed: "I used to think that it would be very difficult to govern the world. But after Chen Gong appeared, I realized that many things were my fault.

It’s too complicated.”

“Looking at the essence through phenomena is a point of view that I put forward many times when I was giving lectures to students at Taishan Academy in Qingzhou.”

Chen Mu talked eloquently: "The cornerstone of the country is productivity, and the future of the country is natural science. And other things, such as powerful families occupying land and causing turmoil or even collapse of the country, are actually just superficial. These things can be banned and removed through policies.

Weaken. Only when the national strength is strong can a country and a nation stand at the top of the universe!"

"I have brought some students myself, but I would like to know how Mr. Chen should conduct education?"

Sima Hui asked.

Chen Mu smiled and said: "It's very simple, literacy rate and basic education."

"Appreciate further details."

Sima Hui sat upright and waited for the answer.

Chen Mu said: "A country will definitely have countless drawbacks and problems, the most typical of which is the problem of officials. Officials are corrupt and collude with powerful people to oppress the people. I solve this problem by weakening the power of officials. But many things must be done from

Let’s start from the roots. What are the sources of officials? They are scholars, and education is the cornerstone of a country.”

"Everyone in the world should receive education, not only reading and literacy, but also learning etiquette and moral character, and establishing correct moral concepts from an early age. Obeying laws and disciplines is only the basis, and you must also know how to restrain your greed. Mencius said: People

The original nature of man is good. Xunzi said: The original nature of man is evil."

"But in my opinion, people should be chaotic at first, with no clear idea of ​​good and evil. They need to be shaped. And through education, an excellent teacher can establish good moral character and build more correct ideas for children from an early age."

"The Book of Songs" says: "There is no beginning for failure, and there is an end for failure. The influence of childhood is often followed throughout life. Therefore, when it comes to education, I pay more attention to establishing virtues for children when they are young, and then establishing deeds when they grow up, and finally establishing meritorious deeds."

, these are the three immortals in "Zuo Zhuan"."

"If I dominate the world in the future, I will build township schools and county schools in various places to allow children aged 6-15 to attend for free. These educations are basic education, teaching children to read and write, as well as some simple arithmetic, popular science and natural knowledge.

.At the same time, standardize etiquette and cultivate children’s qualities such as respect for teachers, filial piety, brotherhood, and friendship.”

"Beyond the township schools and county schools, there are the county schools and the state schools. These two schools are for advanced knowledge. After graduating from the state schools, you can take exams and choose to be an official or do other jobs.

If you want to go further, you can take the Chinese Studies exam."

"I want to re-establish Imperial College in Luoyang. Together with Taishan Academy, the Han Dynasty will have two Chinese studies. This Chinese study is the highest institution of learning in natural science and all learning. Whether you are engaged in politics or scientific research, you must study Chinese studies.

Because Chinese studies will definitely provide the most resources and the richest knowledge, allowing a large number of smart people to study in it."

In Chen Mu's conception, in addition to the separation of public security, prosecution and law, another important means of local governance is the rule of etiquette and the rule of virtue.

This method will not be considered in future generations. The population of 1.3 billion is too huge and it will be difficult to carry out this method.

However, the Eastern Han Dynasty had a land area of ​​nearly 6 million square kilometers, but a population of only about 30 to 40 million. The land was really vast and sparsely populated. There were many counties with a total population of less than 10,000 people, and counties with more than 10,000 people were considered large counties.

A small country with few people is easy to manage. If the county magistrate and officials at all levels have any troubles, poor governance or bullying of the people, they will be immediately known to the villages and spread.

The Han Dynasty governed the world with filial piety, which was actually a way of governing by virtue. Chen Mu's approach was to promote this method and at the same time strengthen supervision methods.

Historically, by the time of Emperor Huan, there was already a rural nursery rhyme that goes, "If you are a scholar, you don't know how to write. If you are a filial piety, your father will leave. If you are poor, you will be as white and turbid as mud, and if you are a high-ranking general, you will be as timid as a chicken." This tells us about the moral governance of the Han Dynasty.

And the inspection and promotion system has reached a very bad stage.

Therefore, officials must not only govern morally, but also be supervised.

In addition to using systems and supervision to require officials to have good moral character, there is also education.

Education should start from childhood.

Children must be trained to have good moral character, good knowledge, and comprehensive development of moral, intellectual, physical, artistic, and physical skills from an early age. Only then can they be regulated when they become officials in the future.

Therefore, in addition to supervising officials, Chen Mu also plans to implement township schools in each township and county schools in the counties. Taking advantage of the fact that there is no shortage of money, Chen Mu also plans to provide free compulsory education.

Then county schools and state schools will be established. These schools will not provide free education, but poor and outstanding students can receive subsidies.

Township schools and county schools mainly enable people to learn literacy, basic education, and understand etiquette and moral character. When they arrive at county schools, they formally begin to learn all kinds of knowledge.

At the same time, examinations are set up in schools to allow students to complete the requirements for jumping into school.

If compared with the knowledge learning of later generations, township schools and county schools are equivalent to elementary schools, county schools are equivalent to the first grade of junior high school, and state schools are equivalent to the second and third grades of junior high school.
To be continued...