Pei Qian naturally didn't know that those grass leaves that could cure diseases were tobacco, the source of all evil.
In fact, the history of Mayan smoking can be traced back to BC. In a Mayan temple in Jalpas, Mexico, there are still reliefs of Mayan smoking around 400 AD.
These tobaccos are regarded by the local people as a magical medicine to treat all diseases. They can be applied externally for external injuries and smoked for internal injuries. Moreover, they also have the ability to kill bacteria and treat the plague.
However, this does not mean that tobacco is necessarily a good thing. Smoking is harmful to health. This is the slogan printed on the most eye-catching place on every cigarette package in later generations.
It's just that Pei Qian didn't know the dangers and thought he had gained something, so he was very happy.
And just when the Han Dynasty was on an expedition abroad, regaining lost lands such as Guanzhong and Henan, and ocean-going fleets were transporting countless high-yielding crops back.
Qingzhou Taishan Academy, the School of Physics, is testing a latest invention - a car!
Not an internal combustion engine, but a steam engine car.
Ma Jun has been involved in steam engines for more than ten years, and it can be said that almost all designs have been perfected.
Many people say that it is impossible for a big man to make a steam engine from scratch.
But in fact, the principle of a steam engine is very simple. What is more complicated is the internal design and material issues.
As long as that layer of window paper is pierced and the emergence of genius inventors, the historical process of mankind will take another step forward.
Ma Jun is the genius inventor.
As the most outstanding inventor and creator recorded in history books in the late Han Dynasty, his obsession with mechanical structures is unimaginable to ordinary people. Especially after systematically studying physics knowledge, he became like a duck in water.
His ability is no worse than Watt's, and he even has countless genius-like ideas. Even if the repeating crossbow invented by Zhuge Liang is in his hands, its power will be increased five times.
This shows that he is full of fantastic ideas for complex internal structures.
Now, with the blessing of theory and the strong support of the state, he has made rapid progress, and has a large number of assistants who also love inventions and creations, step by step to enhance his various genius creations.
He spent more than ten years studying steam engines all day long. The efficiency, operating speed, design concept, and size of steam engines were all compressed to the extreme.
The only thing missing now is the materials.
The asbestos rope was too bulky, and its sealing performance was not particularly good. The output of Eucommia gum was too small, and the temperature was too high and it easily melted. The most perfect rubber was still on the way, so Ma Jun could only think about new inventions and creations.
In fact, they have developed the electromagnetic theory of magnets and copper coils, but it is feasible to produce electricity, but it is difficult to store electricity, and Chen Mu doesn't know how to do it.
After all, the production of lead-acid batteries is not taught in junior high school physics or high school physics, so you have to keep experimenting.
This process may be very long, maybe several years, maybe decades, but with luck, it may be produced soon. Therefore, the Dahan Power Grid is currently on hold.
And there are other small inventions, such as improving steel-making technology, forging new molds, researching various new agricultural production tools, manufacturing new spinning machines, etc. In addition, I just want to think of other uses for steam engines besides trains.
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Such as mining, spinning, lathes, pumping, excavation, etc., as long as it is a repetitive mechanical work, the steam engine can be used. So he thought, since it can drive a train, can it be made into a car for personal driving?
Following this idea, Ma Jun immediately started taking action. Finally, after half a year of hard work, he developed a steam-powered car. It had a very unique appearance. The front and rear of the car were very large, and the middle cockpit was much smaller.
It's because the rear of the car is a steam engine and the front of the car is a mechanical box.
Coal is added to the rear of the car to provide steam power, and then the power is transmitted to the mechanical box at the front of the car through pistons and levers to achieve the purpose of rolling the front wheels. Since there are no tires and they are iron wheels, it is estimated that it will feel like driving.
Not comfortable.
However, Ma Jun adheres to the spirit of a craftsman and has to test the gadgets he invented by himself. After completion, he conducted a test run in the huge two-square-kilometer square of the School of Physics, which is the square where trains run.
The noise of this test was much smaller than that of the train, because when the train is running, the train has a special track, and it is just a locomotive. Even if it derails, it should not cause any casualties.
But this time is different. Steam cars are used to drive on the road without fixed tracks. The most important thing is that the brakes designed by Ma Jun are based on the bicycle brakes designed by Chen Mu. Although there are measures such as closing valves and blocking steam,
But none of these can achieve the effect of stopping the car immediately.
According to Ma Jun's own calculations, even after closing the steam valve and applying the foot brake, the vehicle will still have to sprint forward for a certain distance due to inertia. And if a steel car weighing one ton loses control, the consequences will be unimaginable.
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Therefore, the audience at the scene was very small. Only a few of Ma Jun's assistants and some talented and talented students could enter and watch, and they all stood relatively far back on the high platform.
"Master Jockey, this thing is not very controllable. Are you sure you want to run it? Why not let me go."
An assistant was worried about Ma Jun's safety and tried to dissuade him.
Ma Jun waved his hand: "I... I... invented something by myself... I... tried it myself."
His stuttering is still very serious.
Seeing that the dissuasion was ineffective, the assistant had no choice but to help him up and said: "The horse master must pay attention to safety."
"I...I know."
Ma Jun sat in the driver's seat, took a deep breath, and asked his assistant to shovel coal behind him.
Soon the gululu water boiled and the whistle sounded. Ma Jun opened the valve to let the steam flow and bring a steady stream of power.
Then the vehicle started to move, its wheels rolling slowly.
The first steam engine car in later history traveled very slowly, only reaching 4 kilometers per hour, which was about the same as walking.
But Ma Jun had already studied the steam engine very thoroughly. The steam engine he made had a high level of craftsmanship, high utilization rate, and fast operation, reaching a speed of 15 kilometers per hour, and it was quickly started.
The huge square was empty. Since the ground was paved with cement, although it was made of iron tires, it was still relatively stable. There was a slight bump along the way. Apart from feeling pain in his butt, Ma Jun watched the speed getting faster and faster.
, and even more excited.
This means that in the future, even without taking a train, an ordinary person will be able to reach the county seat of Pingyuan County, which is more than 300 miles away, from Linzi within ten hours by relying on steam engines and automobiles.
After all, this is currently the longest cement road in Dahan.
After driving for a while, Ma Jun was not only excited about the success of the experiment, but also dissatisfied with the results of the experiment.
This thing still has many shortcomings, the most typical one is that it is too slow.
The maximum power of the steam train manufactured by Ma Jun can reach 60 to 70 kilometers per hour on the rails.
However, steam engine cars are four times slower than trains due to their heavy weight, small power source, solid iron tires, and inability to add multiple power cabins like trains.
Even though the speed of 15 kilometers per hour was almost the same as riding a horse, Ma Jun was still very dissatisfied, so he was thinking about how to continue to improve.
While he was thinking about it, he lost his mind and didn't notice the road. When he came back to his senses, he suddenly realized that he was less than a hundred feet away from the wall.
Fortunately, he reacted quickly, turned, closed the steam valve, and stepped on the brakes at the same time.
However, the tires were too heavy, so if you wanted to turn, you had to pull the rocker in advance to deflect the path, which made the steering speed extremely slow. It took me a while to finally turn the car from a straight line into a diagonal one.
But it's of no use.
Because even if you walk diagonally, you will still hit the wall.
So Ma Jun could only place his hope on braking.
Of course, the iron tires weighing hundreds of kilograms cannot be stopped at will. The steam engine no longer provides power, but the inertia is still rushing forward.
The only good news is that the speed is indeed decreasing, from 15 kilometers per hour to 7-8 kilometers per hour.
It is relatively safe to jump out of the car at this speed, but Ma Jun is afraid that if no one is in control, the car will crash directly through the wall and continue to rush forward. If a student passes behind the wall, the consequences will be disastrous.
Therefore, he could only continue to press the brakes, hoping to stop before hitting the wall.
"Squeak, squeak, squeak!"
The screeching brake sound kept coming.
The distance is getting closer.
Ma Jun opened his eyes wide, and everyone present had their throats hanging out.
Fortunately, there was no problem with all the parts. The foot brake was pressed to the end, and with a violent sound, the car finally stopped.
The front of the car hit the wall, creating a hole in the wall and making a huge noise that could be heard by half of the college.
Due to different course times, there happened to be many students nearby who had no classes and were walking outside.
I saw with my own eyes a huge round object that smashed through the wall and stretched out. Many students were frightened and rushed over to watch.
"What new gadget did the School of Physics invent?"
"This thing looks dangerous."
"In the past, there were explosions every day in the School of Chemistry, and there were only banging and banging sounds in the School of Physics. Now the School of Physics has also started to explode?"
"Shh, keep your voice down. There's Palace Chief Ma sitting on top of that thing. If the Palace Chief hears it, I'll give you a demerit."
Taishan Academy originally had Zheng Xuan as the priest, Guan Ning, Bing Yuan, Wang Lie, Cai Yong and Chen Mu as the palace administrators, equivalent to the principal and five vice principals.
Later, Zheng Xuan retired, Cai Yong served as the priest, and Chen Mu and Bing Yuan resigned one after another, leaving three vacancies.
Ma Jun was the elder of the academy, so he was promoted to palace chief and dean of the School of Physics.
Now Mr. Ma Gong's face looks very ugly.
The braking distance was one hundred feet. To him, such an uncontrollable distance was no different from the failure of the experiment, so he was in a bad mood.
Countless students were watching outside the wall. He didn't like to show his face in the first place, so he got out of the car expressionlessly.
The assistants came over one after another and said worriedly: "Master Ma, are you okay?"
"Master Horse, are you injured?"
"Horse Master?"
Ma Jun just waved his hands and said nothing. His stuttering was severe, and it became even worse when he was in a bad mood or nervous, and he could hardly speak.
"Put... tidy up."
With these last words left, he quickly walked into the college and walked to his office.
He wants to go back and improve the design and think about it again.
.......
.......
Half a month later, Chen Mu, who was stationed in Feng County in the north of Pei State, received a letter from Ma Jun, asking him to give him some advice.
In addition to talking about cars, the letter also included some of his recent inventions.
For example, the spinning machine has been re-improved, the damask weaving machine has been improved, the cotton machine has been improved, etc., and the efficiency has increased several times or even more than ten times.
Although they are all made of clothes, because the raw materials are different, the manufacturing methods and weaving are also different.
For example, the spinning machine is used to weave linen and wool, and the raw materials are animal and plant fibers. The silk weaving machine is used to make silk and satin. The cotton machine is naturally made of cotton to make cotton clothes.
Even though these devices were still very inefficient compared with later machines, they were already very advanced tools at the time and greatly improved the efficiency of the textile industry.
In addition, Ma Jun also revealed that he used a steam engine as power to create a super-large fan for steelmaking, which significantly improved efficiency.
Chen Mu understood immediately.
This should be a steam-powered blower.
What a good thing.
Blower can not only be used to make steel, but also to make coke. Coke can greatly increase steel production capacity. The era of large-scale steelmaking is coming soon in the future.
After reading the letter, Chen Mu felt very happy.
In fact, many things existed in ancient times, such as retort technology, blast furnace technology, molding technology, etc.
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! Although the blast furnace is a product of the Southern Song Dynasty, it has already taken shape in the Western Han Dynasty. The Qingzhou local method of steelmaking is to transform the original blast furnace and use tie rod piston type bellows to make steel.
Now that steam-powered blowers are available, the efficiency has been greatly improved again. Although currently, the entire steel production in Qingzhou is less than 20,000 tons per year, which is incomparable to the annual output of tens of millions or hundreds of millions of tons by any company in later generations.
But you must know that even during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the annual steel output was only a few hundred thousand tons. As the peak period of the feudal era, the metallurgical technology in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was already at the peak of the non-industrial era.
As for the Eastern Han Dynasty, the country's steel production may be less than 10,000 tons. It is already a remarkable achievement for Qingzhou to reach twice that of the whole country during the Eastern Han Dynasty without industrial capacity.
In addition, what Chen Mu admires more is the inventive and creative spirit of Ma Jun and his R&D team, although it is outrageous to start building a car without rubber.
Because currently, of Qingzhou's 20,000 tons of steel production capacity, most of it is used for military purposes, and the remaining half is used for scientific research.
One ton of steel is used to build a car, which is very wasteful.
But his spirit is still worthy of praise.
I am a big man.
What happened to a car?
I am a prosperous Han Dynasty.
Not only cars, but also trains, ships, telegraphs and telephone poles.
At least within a hundred years after Chen Mu's death, Dahan Power Grid, Dahan Heavy Industry, Dahan Water Conservancy, and Dahan Communications must keep up.
How can the country's development proceed step by step?
Technology should overtake in corners.
According to Chen Mu's plan, after unifying the world, the first five-year plan is to solve the food problem.
High-yielding crops such as potatoes, corn, and sweet potatoes were fully promoted and the population began to increase.
The current population of Han Dynasty is only 30-40 million, which is very unfavorable for development. At least the population must exceed 100 million before a new plan to unify the world can be launched.
Then there is the second five-year plan to develop light industries such as textiles, promote steel production capacity, and synchronize heavy industry.
Step by step, we strive to become bigger and stronger and create greater glory.
As for foreign wars?
Chen Mu currently has no such plan.
Because in the current world, apart from the Han Dynasty, the other three empires are actually quite powerful.
Between the Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty, the Parthian Empire ranked third, and the Kushan Empire ranked fourth, not much smaller than the Han Dynasty.
Now the Han Dynasty is in a period of decline, and the Roman Empire is in its heyday. Although the Parthian Empire has also declined, if the Han Dynasty invades the west, they must destroy the third and fourth sons before they can collide with the Roman Empire.
One touch.
In the current situation, the Han Dynasty does not have the ability to conduct expeditions. Logistics and supplies are a big problem. Neither the Kushan Empire nor the Parthian Empire can be destroyed, let alone the Roman Empire whose economy and military are not inferior to those of the Han Dynasty.
Therefore, there is no need to expedition to Central Asia and Europe.
There is a lot of uninhabited land to occupy.
For example, Eastern Europe, Ukraine, Russia, and the Americas.
Now these places are basically barren lands, especially Ukraine, where the soil is the most fertile.
If we don’t declare possession at this moment, how long will we wait?
Although there are people over there now, how can the Slavic savages be considered human?
Only by allowing them to become kings and learn the dress and etiquette of the Han people can they become human beings.
I've thought of all the excuses.
Because the East Slavs, the ancestors of the Russians, could not migrate to Ukraine on a large scale until the 4th to 6th centuries AD.
The north of Mongolia is basically the Far East, which is now a no-man's land.
So these places can be said to be completely deserted.
On the land covering an area of more than 10 million square kilometers, there are barely a few savage tribes with Inuit ancestors and Slavic savage tribes, so they mainly rule the Indians.
Chen Mu does not have the Ansa gang's hobby of cutting heads, because for him, what is lacking now is not a development path, but a future population.
If the Indians were willing to accept the rule, they would invent a theory for them.
That is to say, he told them that the reason why they appeared in the American continent was because they migrated from China three to four thousand years ago, and they all have common ancestors.
Now their compatriots have come to look for them, hoping that they will recognize their ancestors and return to the embrace of the Han Dynasty.
certainly.
If you don't want to come back, that's naturally a different matter.
You must know that the Indians are not good people. When the last group of humans migrated from the Bering Strait to the Americas thousands of years ago, the Canadian Indians exterminated them and refused to allow them to come over.
Therefore, this group of people was forced to stay in the Siberian region of northeastern Russia and the Arctic Circle area from Alaska to Greenland, forming the Inuit people of later generations.
The Han spent nearly twenty years traveling all the way to South America. The journey was relatively smooth, except that the places he chose were coastal beaches and did not go too deep into Indian territory.
More importantly, advanced steel knives, armor, bows and arrows allowed the Indians in the Stone Age to become good at singing and dancing.
On the way through Canada and North America, there were many unsightly Indian tribes who wanted to cause trouble.
After a river of blood was shed, the trouble would naturally be solved.
I finished reading the letter.
Chen Mu wrote a reply letter to Ma Jun.
Let him focus on which parts and provide guidance on technique and direction.
Finally, I would like to remind you to pay attention to safety.
What the Han Dynasty lacks now is talent. Top inventors like Ma Jun are comparable to national treasures and cannot be lost.
After finishing his reply to Ma Jun, Chen Mu thought for a while and wrote another letter to the Qingzhou Administration Secretary, asking them to establish the Royal Academy of Sciences of the Han Dynasty.
Establish scientific paper journals and publish documents and materials sent back from overseas. The more important documents and materials must be sealed.
For example, wherever the fleet sailed, gold, silver, copper and iron ores were discovered. For example, Peru in South America and Mexico produced huge amounts of silver mines, South Africa produced huge gold mines, and Peru and Southeast Asia produced guano mines.
With the current industrial progress and chemical research level, I don’t know if Chen Mu will be able to produce fertilizer when he is 80 years old.
Therefore, if you want to increase productivity as quickly as possible, you must use natural fertilizers such as guano.
In the future, astronomy, geography, and the world's great discoveries will begin in Qingzhou.
At that time, countless ships will transport overseas gold and silver ore to the country. For at least two to three hundred years, the Han Dynasty will maintain the silver standard system, then store a large amount of gold as national heritage, and finally discover paper and pen.
However, these are Chen Mu's imagination two or three hundred years later. At present, everything is limited to the conception and rainy day planning stage. There is still a long way to go in the future of technological development.
Just as Chen Mu was writing many directional letters to the Academy and Qingzhou, the door outside his Fengxian mansion opened.
The guard outside the door hurried into the outer court, walked into the middle hall, raised his hands and said: "Prime Minister, the guard wants to see you!"