After more than 20 years of long development, the academic atmosphere of Taishan Academy has reached a very good level.
Chen Mu advocates practicalism.
The most famous slogan of the Academy is - Practice the truth.
Therefore, you can discuss academic topics with everyone in any place or classroom in the academy.
But theoretical knowledge must be turned into practice, not just for you to propose a hypothesis. If you want everyone to admit that your theoretical hypothesis is correct, you must produce practical results.
No matter how difficult it is, there must be a feasible practical plan.
Therefore, in such an academic atmosphere, the ideological enlightenment of pragmatism and scientism gradually became popular and was followed by the world as the only truth.
And it’s not just about scientific research and academics. This attitude also affects poetry, song, calligraphy, painting and other arts.
Nowadays, two main schools of painting techniques are popular in the academy.
One school is ink painting.
The other school is oil painting.
In fact, strictly speaking, ink painting is a latecomer.
It is a painting school that only appeared after the development of paper industries such as Zuobo paper and rice paper in recent years.
Oil paintings, on the other hand, have been passed down for thousands of years and have already appeared in the Zhou Dynasty. They mainly serve the palace and nobles, such as the pavilions and pavilions of the Zhou royal family, the coffins and coffins of the royal family and princes, etc.
The paintings at that time were mainly lacquer paintings and oil paintings, and even the Neolithic ceramics unearthed in my country later had colorful oil paintings.
Therefore, it does not mean that oil painting has not developed in our country, and of course it does not mean that we are trying to imitate Western oil painting by using it that has been passed down for a long time.
Rather, it shows that oil paintings have indeed existed in our country for a long time, but our country’s painting techniques and art did not pay attention to the realistic style. Therefore, the earliest oil paintings were only used for recording, and it was not until the Jin Dynasty that painting techniques became art.
If there had not been the popularity of pragmatism and realism, the painting art that had emerged in the Han Dynasty in recent years might have been just like the painting techniques and calligraphy of the Jin and Tang Dynasties, which were mainly freehand brushwork.
However, under the influence of mainstream values, the ancient painting technique of oil painting has been picked up again by people and has become one of the main representatives of the realistic style of painting art today.
The year before last, when Qingzhou Taishan Academy showed the latest inventions of the academy to the Luoyang Palace last year, Liu Bei noticed the extremely realistic oil painting technology.
Mainly because there were no cameras in this era, let alone video cameras.
The slogan of the creation of oil painting is that authenticity is the most important thing. In an era of worshiping ancestors, after the people became rich, they wanted to keep the portraits of their ancestors for sacrifice. This in itself was a thing full of the style of the times and a trend.
Therefore, oil painting has become increasingly popular.
Duan Yan is a lieutenant general, one of the top Zhenxi generals in the current ranking of the Twenty Generals. His qualifications are relatively low, as he was an old member of Dong Zhuo's army in his early years. But he has made great contributions, including regaining Guanzhong and pacifying Xiliang. With this meritorious service, if not for his qualifications,
Question, there must be a place among the Nine Tigers.
He didn't have much of a relationship with Liu Bei, and they didn't even meet each other very often.
However, after all, he was a lieutenant general with a high status in the Han Dynasty. In addition, Liu Bei had sent away many old ministers over the years. Duan Xuan's sudden death also made him deeply moved.
In this case, Liu Bei had to consider what happened after his death as he was already in his fifties and might not live long.
The first step is to carry out the grand conferment of honors and knighthoods.
At the end of the ninth year of Zhangwu, the list of honors and titles was determined. These lists will be promulgated at the beginning of the tenth year of Zhangwu, when Mount Tai is enshrined in Zen.
Secondly, he ordered the governor to build the Taoyuan Hall in the West Garden.
Liu Bei originally planned to build the Four Temples, but was dissuaded by Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Chen Mu, and finally gave up.
The entire Taoyuan Hall is located in the densely wooded West Garden. A large number of peach trees are planted around it, and canal water flows into the garden. There are walls around the outside and a square for sacrifices inside.
The Taoyuan Hall is divided into two floors: the inner hall and the outer hall. The outer hall has the left and right civil and military temples. After Liu Bei's death, the founding ministers who followed him would arrange them in civil and military positions, hang portraits and build sculptures for future generations to use for worship.
This situation is called enjoying the Ancestral Temple.
As for the inner hall.
Naturally, it is the private sacrificial area for the four brothers Liu Bei, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and Chen Mu. Currently, according to Liu Bei's idea, four portraits are temporarily hung. As for the content of the sculptures, he has not yet decided.
By the end of the ninth year of Zhangwu's reign, Taoyuan Hall had begun to be built in full swing, and a large number of sculptors and the best oil painters in Qingzhou were also selected to join the palace.
In the Western world, sculptors and painters are often called artists. They have a relatively high social status and can enter and leave the upper class society.
However, in ancient Eastern society, sculptors and painters had a very low status. They were called craftsmen at that time and were not valued by the world. Therefore, the social responsibilities they shouldered were also different.
After Chen Mu emancipated his mind at the Taishan Academy, he proposed the concept of art and strongly promoted it, sculptors, painters, poets, novelists, calligraphers and other art practitioners gradually rose in status and became artists.
And unlike in later generations, many painters and sculptures were about to starve to death. In this era, due to the lack of preservation methods, people hoped to leave their own appearance for future generations to worship and admire.
Therefore, after people gradually accepted the art of sculpture and oil painting, they were also willing to spend money to use this technology.
Anyway, the country is now rich and the private economy has developed.
If you have money, you can choose sculpture, and if you don't have money, you can also choose oil painting. Even if these two arts are still in the niche stage, they still have their uses. At least sculpture art will never go out of style in the gardening and construction industries.
On the sixth day of November in the ninth year of Zhang Wu, heavy snow fell in Luoyang, and the Qianli Mang Mountain turned into a silver dragon. The rustling snowflakes were flying, covering the world in a bright white snow.
The interior of Yutang Hall was as warm as spring. Since the morning, Liu Bei, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Chen Mu had been busy dressing themselves up carefully.
According to Liu Bei's intention, merit classification must be carried out when conferring honors.
The highest-level special meritorious officials will not only be awarded the Medal of the Han Empire, but also be awarded lordship, meritorious title, title, rank, etc.
This chapter is not over, please click on the next page to continue reading! At least like Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Chen Mu, in addition to the imperial medal, the lord is the first-grade Dazhuguo, the first-grade Ronglu doctor, the meritorious title is Tonghou, and the title is Duke
, and the military rank is general.
The classification of merit is an offending task, so it is left to the cabinet and the three ministers to jointly sort.
In the end, the list was drawn up and Liu Bei gave instructions. Even if there was some dissatisfaction during the classification, there would be no problem because it was a collective decision.
Among the special founding officials and first-level meritorious officials, these people will enjoy portraits and sculptures, as well as the Imperial Ancestral Temple.
In the first batch of lists.
There are only three special meritorious officials, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Chen Mu.
Originally, in terms of seniority and meritorious service, Dian Wei should have been ranked.
Not to mention anything else, just the scars on his body, which he suffered many times while trying to save Liu Bei during the rebellion, are enough to be included in this list.
But Dianwei declined on his own.
So Dian Wei was ranked first among the first-level meritorious military officers, and was granted the title of Shangzhuguo (first rank), Guanglu doctor (first rank), the merit title was Guannei Marquis, the title was marquis, and the military rank was general.
The leader of the first-level civil servants is Jushou, who ranks from the first rank of Shangzhu Kingdom, from the first rank of Guanglu Dafu, Guannei Marquis, and Marquis, and the military rank is general.
Logically speaking, civil servants should not have military titles.
However, Juzhi and others also have positions in the army. They are generals and advisors and members of the staff, so they should also have military titles.
The rank of military advisor is one level lower than that of chief general, so generals and advisors are often awarded the rank of general, generals and advisors are awarded the rank of lieutenant general, and so on.
Currently, there are only seven people in the entire first batch of honorary lists for Mount Tai.
Originally, in terms of seniority, Taishi Ci should also have a name, because he and Dian Wei were on the same level.
Dian Wei joined during the Yellow Turban Rebellion. In mid-184 AD, it only lasted three or four months before and after the sworn alliance with Liu Guan and Zhang.
Taishi Ci joined the army when he was the Prime Minister of Jinan after Liu Bei's crusade against the Yellow Turbans, and he was only three or four months apart from Dian Wei.
However, Taishi Ci was used as an errand boy by Chen Mu in the early and middle stages. He did not participate in many wars, his qualifications were sufficient, but his merits were insufficient, so he could not be selected for the list.
As for Zhang Liao.
In fact, his qualifications are not as good as those of Tai Shici, but his contribution is too great.
In the battle with Yuan Shao, Chunyu Qiong was killed in the formation, Gao Lan was beheaded in the formation, Tadun was beheaded in the battle of Bailang Mountain, he went north to attack Xianbei, drove out Xianbei in the west for three thousand miles, and Yanran Leshi.
Therefore, despite his great reputation, if Zhang Liao is not selected into the first batch of lists, I am afraid that the soldiers of Wan Sheng Army will not be convinced either.
However, many of the heroes are not in a hurry.
Because everyone knows that this is only the first batch of lists, and the second and third batches will be added one after another in the future.
Due to Tai Shi Ci's qualifications and achievements, even if he is not at the top of the second batch of lists, he is at least in the top three, so he is not upset that he was not included in the first batch of lists.
After confirming the first batch of lists, Liu Bei immediately ordered sculptors and painters to start sculpting and painting the lists intensively.
In fact, there were originally more than ten people on the first batch of lists, such as Taishi Ci, Qianzhao, Gao Shun, Zang Ba, Tian Feng, Xun You, Zhao Yun, Huang Zhong, etc. Their qualifications and merits were not bad, but they were before the challenge against Dong.
Just join, at least it should be on the list.
But both sculpture and painting are technical tasks that take a long time to complete. If there are too many people, even the most skilled artist will not be able to complete the task quickly.
Therefore, we have to first determine the list of those who have made the greatest contributions, and then sort them in order in the future.
Moreover, there are actually some heroes in the list who have obviously made great contributions but cannot be included in it, such as Yan Zhong, who has passed away long ago.
As the best undercover agent, Yan Zhong has always been the best unsung hero in Chen Mu's heart.
But unknown heroes cannot see the light of day.
Therefore, there was no choice but to compensate Yan Zhong's heirs with some meritorious deeds.
So many people at the time were wondering why a hermit who lived in seclusion in Qingzhou and died of illness within a few years of joining Liu Bei's camp, why would his descendants receive so many honors?
Little did he know that no one knew his name, his achievements would last forever, and even within the entire Military Intelligence Department, Yan Zhong had a great influence.
There is another person like Hou Xu, who is also one of the founders of the Military Intelligence Department, but he can only hide in the darkness and cannot see the light.
But these are just digressions.
The current first batch of lists is to prepare for the enshrinement of Mount Tai.
After the enshrinement ceremony is over, he will continue to paint portraits and sculptures of other heroes.
So this work will last a long time.
These days, Liu Bei, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Chen Mu all have to stand still every day.
Wear majestic clothes, pose, and serve as models for painters and sculptors.
Keep standing today.
They did not wear dragon robes or official uniforms.
Liu Bei wore a gray silk robe with cloud shoulders on both sides, auspicious clouds embroidered with red thread on the lower collar, two long red scarves tied at the collar, white silk robes exposed on both arms, tied tightly with arm guards, and a crown on his head.
, with double swords hanging on his waist.
Guan Yu is wearing a green robe, with green cloud shoulders, black silk shoes on his feet, a long beard, holding the Qinglong Yanyue Sword vertically, standing behind Liu Bei on the left, just one position behind.
Zhang Fei, on the other hand, was wearing a black silk robe, a light yellow waistcoat, and a beard as dazzling as a needle. He held a snake spear eight feet in length upside down and stood behind Liu Bei on his right.
On Zhang Fei's right side is Chen Mu, dressed in blue-green Confucian clothes, with a scholar's sword hanging on his waist, a goat beard on his chin, and a feather fan in his hand.
The four people stood upright, motionless.
In front of them were a painter in his thirties and a sculptor in his fifties.
Sculptors often come from sculpture craftsmen and bring two apprentices as assistants. Painters are different, because oil painting has only emerged in the past ten years, so there are fewer people who really take this technology as a profession. Painters
Relatively young.
Every day after the four people deal with official duties, they take about an hour to serve as models for sculptors and painters. Today is already the eighteenth day.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! The sculptor has already finished the work. He first used yellow clay to shape the model, and then four people observed the expression every day and made local fine-tuning until it was adjusted to perfection.
At this stage, it was finally fired into sculptures and cast into bronze statues.
In fact, the reason why there was no sculptor profession in ancient China was mainly because human-shaped pottery figurines were often buried as burial objects, which was unlucky.
Nowadays, with the ideological reform, humanoid sculptures have been proposed by the Prime Minister of the Han Dynasty to commemorate meritorious figures.
Therefore, the profession of sculptor also stood up.
About an hour and a half later, the painter breathed a sigh of relief, put down the brush in his hand, raised his hand to Liu Bei and said: "Your Majesty, Prime Minister, General Hussar, General Chariot, the villain is finished."
"Oh? It's finally okay?"
The four of them were finally able to move their muscles and bones. After hearing this, they quickly came over to watch.
The canvas is very large, supported by three stands. It is three feet long horizontally, which is six meters long, and nearly four meters wide. The background is on a high platform, with four people standing tall and straight, with majestic and lifelike faces.
"Yes, exactly the same."
Liu Bei praised.
Chen Mu smiled and said: "Oil painting focuses on realism, which makes it easier to draw a true appearance. However, you did not handle the light and shadow well. The characters have no shadow levels, which makes it less artistic."
The painter felt horrified and broke into a cold sweat. He quickly knelt down and said, "As expected of the Prime Minister, I have been studying light and shadow for several years. However, this skill is extraordinary. I have only scratched the surface of the painting after several years of groping."
I didn’t dare to add light and shadow for fear of making mistakes.”
Chen Mu waved his hands and said: "It's okay, get up. Although oil painting has appeared thousands of years ago, the painting technique has only emerged in these years. You are all predecessors. It is normal that your painting skills are not good. You will work hard to explore for future generations.
People pave the way."
"Thank you, Prime Minister."
The painter wiped his sweat and stood up. He didn't expect that the prime minister even knew the light and shadow in the oil painting.
Little did they know that Chen Mu went to graduate school in the United States and worked on Wall Street. Since many customers like to collect oil paintings, sculptures and other artworks, in order to close the relationship with customers, he also needs to have a certain ability to appreciate these things.
Therefore, it can be seen at a glance that the portraits painted by this artist have almost no light and shadow processing effects, and the characters lack layers. In later generations, even an ordinary art student will be better than this.
But there is nothing we can do.
Oil painting is an art form that has only become popular in recent years. This painter is already a leader in the Qingzhou oil painting school, and has gradually discovered the layers of light and shadow in paintings. But because he is painting for the emperor, he is afraid that if he makes a mistake, it will be ruined, so
Would rather do nothing than make a mistake.
No light and shadow effects were added, which is human nature.
We can only hope that when they advance their research on light and shadow in the future, they will be able to draw better portraits to enhance their demeanor and artistic sense, and leave their precious portraits for future generations.
I looked at the oil painting and then at the sculpture next to it.
Sculpture is not a simple matter. The sculptor will carve the shape out of wood, then go back and use stone carving, and finally use copper carving.
A few people saw that the approximately one-inch-high wooden sculpture in the hands of the sculptor was already lifelike, but the expressions and demeanor of the figures were somewhat absent-minded due to the lack of paint.
To put it simply, it lacks soul and temperament, and lacks that touch of majesty.
But the technology is still very good. When it is colored and made into pottery figurines and bronze statues in the future, there should be some differences.
The four brothers were very satisfied after seeing it.
In addition to the four-person portrait, each person also has a separate portrait.
There is also a unified image.
There are more than a dozen paintings of various sizes, including Zhang Liaodian, Wei Jushu, Xunyu and others, who have to act as models these days.
It was not until the end of December in the ninth year of Zhang Wu that these paintings were completely completed.
The tenth year of Zhang Wu's reign was 210 AD.
The entire New Year of the Han Dynasty was spent in joy. Fireworks and firecrackers began to burn in Luoyang City, and the shops in the city were bustling with activity.
At the beginning of the year, after Liu Bei worshiped the emperors of the Han Dynasty in his ancestral temple, the entire court began to prepare for the enshrinement of Mount Tai.
Feng Chan is also a big project. It was relatively simple during the time of Qin Shihuang, but during the time of Emperor Wu of Han, the amount of work began to increase, with a large number of new buildings and various ceremonies required to be built.
During the reign of Emperor Guangwu, Fengchan became even more grand.
According to historical records, Emperor Guangwu led his ministers to Fenggao, sent more than 1,500 servants to repair the mountain road, and more than 3,000 cavalrymen to build square stones on the Dengfeng platform. He started fasting on the 15th, and on the 22nd, he started to burn fire at the foot of Mount Tai in the southeast.
After the ceremony, they took a chariot to climb the mountain. They rested for a while at the top of Daidai, then changed their clothes and performed the ceremony.
From the very beginning, Emperor Qin Shihuang passed by Mount Tai and carved stones to record his merits. Then Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty consecrated Mount Tai, built altars, and prayed to God. Then during the reign of Emperor Guangwu, he repaired mountain roads and laid stones and earth. Each project was larger than the last.
When it comes to Liu Bei, he can't be too small. He first sent people to build roads on Mount Tai since last year and built an altar on the top of the mountain.
Since the beginning of this year, hundreds of officials, large and small, plus accompanying escorts, totaling tens of thousands, have made a mighty journey. The states, counties and counties along the way have welcomed them, sprinkled water to clean the streets, and deployed civilian workers to repair the roads. This has not only delayed the canal project, but also delayed the canal project.
It also increases the burden on the people.
It was not until January 21, the tenth year of Zhang Wu, that Liu Bei arrived at the foot of Mount Tai.