In July of the 20th year of Zhang Wu, the army that marched eastward to Goguryeo was so powerful that it destroyed several cities.
certainly.
The so-called cities were actually just a few villages in Goguryeo, with almost no defenders. As soon as the Han army arrived, the local people turned away.
The Han Dynasty was extremely successful in both cultural and spiritual invasions. Most of the Goguryeo villages near Liaodong spoke Chinese.
Most of the people in the village also went to work in textile factories in Liaodong, eager to become Han citizens.
But the entire country of Goguryeo is located deep in the Changbai Mountains and is surrounded by mountains. If you go along the Yalu River, the road along the way will be rugged and difficult. After passing through Dandong City in our country in later generations,
After Sinuiju in North Korea.
The mountains on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are towering and the climate is unpredictable. Goguryeo's army is hiding in the mountains and ambush. Zhao Yun's army encountered the same problem as Li Shimin - the advancement speed was relatively slow.
Although Guanqiu Jian easily pacified Goguryeo with only 10,000 men, most of the time was spent on traveling and confronting the enemy. When it came to real head-to-head confrontation, there were only four battles, namely the Battle of Boiling Water, Liang
The Battle of Kuchou, and the two battles of Wandu Mountain Castle.
The whole process lasted for more than a year, from the fifth year of Zhengshi, which was 244 AD, to the sixth year of Zhengshi. After the Battle of Boliushui and the Battle of Liangkou, Guanqiu Jian had already annihilated the main force of Goguryeo.
, but it still took more than a year to destroy Goguryeo.
And it didn’t even completely destroy Goguryeo, because every time Goguryeo was defeated, it ran eastward, to the northeastern region of Korea or Yanbian in later generations.
Even Vladivostok waited for the Han army to leave and then came back to restore the country.
Like Xiaoqiang who can't be beaten to death.
It can be seen from this that in order to truly destroy Goguryeo,
In fact, it was not easy. So this time Xun You formulated a comprehensive strategy. The frontal troops moved forward steadily, adopting a step-by-step strategy to cover the surprise attack team from the rear, and wiped out the Goguryeo royal family in one fell swoop.
In mid-July, the weather has turned sharply since the beginning of autumn. It is still extremely hot during the Mid-Autumn Festival in the south, and it has already begun to snow in some places during the Mid-Autumn Festival in the Northeast. Especially in the Changbai Mountain area, the rain and snow are mixed with hail, making the roads muddy and difficult to travel.
This was the case during the Little Ice Age, and now the situation within the Han Dynasty has improved. However, surrounding areas, such as Southeast Asia, which is located in the tropics, have high temperatures all year round, and the northeast and northwest regions, which are located in the north temperate zone, have bitter cold all year round.
The Northeast is pretty good, but in the Western Region, due to its high latitude and high altitude, not only the temperature difference between winter and summer is large, but also occasional snowstorms or extreme heat in spring and autumn. The temperature difference between day and night is also very high.
The change of weather made the Han army miserable. Fortunately, the court was well prepared this time, including cotton clothes, shoes and hats.
With a layer of cotton armor on the outside and Goguryeo's original iron equipment, it was really impossible to defeat the Han army.
The imperial court's advance speed remained stable, and by August they reached Liangkou, which was the intersection of the Hun River and the Yalu River in later generations, where they faced the Goguryeo army head-on.
The method adopted by Goguryeo was forged here because this is the only road and there are rolling mountains on both sides. It is impossible for the army to leap over. Therefore, as long as the Liangkou is defended, the Wandu Mountain City behind it will be safe and sound.
Historically, Guanqiu Jian defeated the main force of Goguryeo here.
After Zhao Yun arrived at Liangkou, they set up camp on the spot and did not choose to attack by force because it was snowing along Changbai Mountain during this period. Even if they had equipment to keep out the cold, it would not be a good decision for them to attack the city by force.
More than ten days later, in August, just when King Dongchuan of Goguryeo thought that the Han army was blocked along the Mazi River, troops in the north were quietly beginning to move southward.
The leader of the team was a major general named Chen Dao. Chen Dao was 41 years old this year. He followed Zhang Liao in his early years and made many military exploits and was promoted to the rank of captain.
Later, in the ninth year of Zhangwu, when Zhang Liao went north to attack the Xianbei Xiongnu, because of his unparalleled performance in the Battle of Zhuoxie Mountain and the Battle of Longcheng, Zhang Liao reported his merits to the court and was promoted to major general in the previous years.
It was the 13th year of Zhang Wu's reign, and Chen Dao was only 34 years old. At this age, when he was promoted to major general, his future was bright.
Later, Zhang Liao served as the governor-general of the Northeast Military Region for a period of time. When he left office, he left Chen Dao as the governor-general of the Liaodong County Military Region. He was stationed in Xiangping and had about 8,000 troops under his jurisdiction.
Although according to the divisions made by Chen Mu during the military region reform in the sixth year of Zhangwu, a county should have a major general, a state should have a lieutenant general, and a large military region is composed of several states, and there should be a lieutenant general.
General.
For example, the Northeastern Military Region, one of the six military regions of the Han Dynasty, is composed of Youzhou, Liaozhou, Chaozhou and the Kyushu Island of Wonu Island. It is headed by a general who oversees the army and oversees the overall situation. He has the power to expel troops when attacked.
power, but no right to take the initiative to attack.
However, the number and eliteness of the troops under each state and county are also different.
The soldiers under the jurisdiction of border states and counties are much higher than those in inland areas in terms of number and eliteness. For example, the Liaodong County where Chen Dao is located has 8,000 soldiers, but the military strength in inland counties like Yuzhou or Jizhou may not be more than 8,000.
Two to three thousand.
There are many hidden dangers in this arrangement, because the military strength on the border is too large, which can easily lead to the self-respect of border towns with troops. For example, An Lushan in the Tang Dynasty and Wu Sangui in the Ming Dynasty are very typical examples.
But there is nothing we can do.
The border was the first place where the feudal dynasty was invaded by foreign enemies. If the border defense force was small, it would be easy to be invaded by foreign enemies. There was no particularly good solution in the past dynasties.
The Han Dynasty could only defend itself by having its generals take turns to garrison, like the fourteen garrison generals of the Qing Dynasty.
As the governor of the Liaodong County Military Region, Chen Dao was the most direct contact with the war with Goguryeo, so he got the task of going deep behind enemy lines.
It has not been a day or two since the Military Intelligence Division penetrated into Goguryeo, and more than one or two of the local Goguryeo natives were recruited into the Military Intelligence Division. Under the leadership of these insiders, Chen Dao's army avoided the route. After a month of long journey, they finally arrived.
Outside Wandoshan Castle.
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! It was only at this time that Goguryeo discovered that a Han army had appeared behind it. It was so frightened that it quickly mobilized the few thousand people in the city for defense, using the city's
It was dangerous and wanted to block the Han army outside the city.
Wandu Mountain City is said to be the capital of a country, but the entire country of Goguryeo only had a few hundred thousand people, which was about the same size as a county in the Han Dynasty. The capital city was not as big as a county in the Han Dynasty.
It barely looks like a county town, and the city walls are not high. However, Chendao has no siege equipment, and its location is very precarious. It is backed by mountains and is at a commanding height.
The west and north are blocked by towering mountains, and the only frontal attack is from the south.
Because the Yalu River is not far to the east, it is difficult to attack by force.
So after careful consideration, Chen Dao sent people to pretend to attack from the front, but actually selected the elite of the army and used ropes to climb down from the mountains in the northwest.
This is Guanqiu Jian's way to break through Wandu Mountain City, or it is the simplest way, because the mountains and cliffs in the northwest are low. He secretly lowered the rope from the dense forest on the mountain and dropped it all the way to the city wall. The highest point was only five or six meters high.
10 feet tall.
Using this method, Chen Dao easily broke through this small county town, captured all high-level Goguryeo officials including the Goguryeo royal family and all ministers, and sent people to use King Dongchuan's order to make the frontline defenders surrender.
From then on, in August of the 20th year of Zhangwu's reign, preparations for the attack began at the end of June, and Goguryeo was completely captured in August. The Han Dynasty only took less than two months, and could be said to have easily destroyed a country.
After the fall of Goguryeo, the imperial court quickly transferred all high-level officials of Goguryeo to domestic house arrest, and then selected local officials who were interested in the Han Dynasty to begin all aspects of Chineseization.
Since Goguryeo was deeply influenced by the Han Dynasty, the local people integrated into it relatively quickly, so the whole process went very smoothly with almost no obstacles.
Goguryeo was easily wiped out, and the Fuyu and Yilou kingdoms in the north, which were much weaker than Goguryeo, naturally could not escape. Furthermore, the Guili and Woju tribes near the sea in the east also surrendered to the Han.
By the end of Zhangwu's 20th year, the entire Northeast was basically pacified. The Northeast Military Region had not even used all its strength, and there was no room for the firearms army to develop. All these places fell into the arms of the Han Dynasty.
Since then, the entire East Asia region has been basically taken over by the Han Dynasty and has become the territory of the Han Dynasty.
Except for the fact that the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is of little interest to the Han Dynasty, the current territory of the Han Dynasty includes the entire territory of our country except Tibet, North Korea, South Korea, Japan's Kyushu Island, Outer Mongolia, and parts of Laos and Vietnam in Southeast Asia, with a total area of more than 1,000
Thousands of square kilometers.
This does not include overseas territories.
The reason why the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was not taken over was not because the climate conditions there were too bad, but because the current Han Dynasty needed actual benefits rather than an empty piece of land.
It is not that the more land a country occupies, the better, but it depends on what benefits the occupation of these places can bring to the country.
For example, the United States does not covet the territory of Mexico; it covets the oil-producing countries in the Middle East.
Therefore, these places occupied by the Han Dynasty have political and economic value.
For example, Japan and North Korea have rich mineral resources, which can supply a large amount of coal and gold, silver and copper mines for the country. Northeast China is rich in iron ore, coal and black soil resources, which can be used for heavy industry and food cultivation.
Southeast Asia is located in the tropics and is suitable for the growth of cash crops, agricultural crops and fruits, and can be engaged in agriculture and commercial crop cultivation. Mongolia's Mobei and Monan are prairie, which can engage in animal husbandry and textile industries, bringing rich meat products and
Wool textile products.
That is to say, the Han Dynasty has not yet developed an internal combustion engine. It is still in the initial stage of the steam industrial revolution. It may take one or two hundred years of development to reach the oil age. Otherwise, the Han Dynasty may really be preparing to destroy the Kushan Empire.
At the beginning of Zhang Wu's 21st year, the Han soldiers went north to Weishui and returned. This weak water became the Heilongjiang River in later generations. It was an inland river in our country during the Qing Dynasty. Later, after the "Aihun Treaty", part of it became
Russian territory.
Therefore, the army of the Han Dynasty had actually arrived in the Far East region of later Russia, called the Khabarovsk Territory. Across the sea to the east was Sakhalin Island, to the south was Vladivostok, and to the southwest was my country's Heilongjiang.
The reason why I came all the way here is because there are Han Dynasty garrison here. The imperial court spent more than ten years exploring overseas, groping all the way from the north, and establishing a large number of garrison in the coastal areas.
Including Russia's Vladivostok, Khabarovsk Territory, Sakhalin Island, and even the Chukotka Peninsula and Alaska where you can see polar bears showing their teeth every day, there are coastal outposts of the Han Dynasty.
The population in these places varies. The more prosperous ones are like American Outpost, which has a population of tens of thousands, while the more dilapidated ones are like Sakhalin Island and Chukotka Peninsula Outpost, which have a population of less than a hundred.
Since the Han army was not familiar with these places, they contacted the human guides at the local outposts as they headed north to include the entire Northeast into Han territory.
In February, Xun You returned from the Northeast. He fell ill before arriving in Liaodong County. Although he invited local doctors to treat him, the effect was not very satisfactory.
The doctor could only temporarily stabilize the condition, and then Zhao Yun arranged for a boat to be sent back to Linzi, Qingzhou for treatment overnight.
Xun You is 64 years old this year.
Historically, he was Cao Cao's mastermind and died of illness in the 19th year of Jian'an, which was 214 AD.
Now that I have lived for 7 more years, my health is deteriorating.
The steamboat took Xun You back to Linzi overnight, where he was diagnosed by the 76-year-old Hua Tuo himself, and he barely managed to save his life.
But Sun Qian, another important official in the imperial court, was not so lucky. Historically, Sun Qian did not perform well. He was just a low-intelligence counselor in Liu Bei's account, and often acted as a lobbyist with Jian Yong.
But now he, Jian Yong, Hua Xin, Shi Yi, Sun Shao, Wang Lang and others have been taking root in the rear all year round, managing various counties and counties, and are responsible for the rear's grain, people's livelihood, economy and local affairs.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! Just like the three important figures under Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Liang, Xiao He, and Han Xin, the three outstanding figures of the early Han Dynasty, their roles are also different.
Among them, Zhang Liang is a typical representative of counselors. He is good at strategizing and using various schemes and clever tricks to help Liu Bang gain the throne.
Han Xin was the commander-in-chief of the army, responsible for fighting and training soldiers, and helped Liu Bang defeat his opponents by commanding battles.
And what about Xiao He?
As the person who deserves the most credit, it is naturally because he consolidated the rear and steadily transported food and grass to the front.
These three are indispensable, and Xiao He plays the greatest role.
Because if the strategy fails, you can still think of other ways, if you lose the battle, you can still make a comeback, but if there is trouble in the rear and the food, grass and supplies cannot keep up, then it will be a complete defeat.
Therefore, Xiao He is rated as the first in merit, and he truly deserves his name.
And Liu Bei was able to unify the country and he also had a lot of talents like Zhang Liang, Xiao He, and Han Xin.
Such representatives of Zhang Liang are Chen Mu, Ju Shou, Xun Yu, Tian Feng, Xun You and other advisers.
Excellent commanders like Han Xin, Guan Yu, Chen Mu, Zhang Liao, and Xu Rong.
There are even more representatives like Xiao He, including Chen Mu, Ju Shou, Xun Yu, Sun Qian, Jian Yong, Hua Xin, Shiyi, Sun Shao, Wang Lang and others.
It can be said that if these people did not stabilize Qingzhou in the rear, it would be impossible for Liu Bei to rely on Qingzhou to kill Yuan Shao.
Although Sun Qian's death did not shock the government and the public as much as when Dian Wei, Tai Shici and others died of illness, he was already a servant of one of the Nine Ministers when he died, so the impact was still very great.
Liu Bei held a funeral for Sun Qian. He was 61 years old this year. He didn't even know how many years he could live. Now seeing the heroes who had made great achievements with him slowly passing away, his heart was filled with sadness.
The only comfort is that my three brothers are still in good health. Guan Yu is 60 years old, Zhang Fei is 56 years old, and Chen Mu is 54 years old. In these years, the three brothers have not been weakened by old age and are still full of vitality.
Especially the fourth brother Chen Mu, who practices Wuqinxi all the year round and devotes himself to the cause of the Han Dynasty. He often travels across the country to investigate local economic development and plan the future direction of the country. He should not have to worry about physical problems for at least twenty years.
However, with the death of many old ministers in recent years, Liu Bei has become more and more aware of the pain of old age. He wants to visit the north and south of the country while he can still move around, and take the prince to travel around the country.
The first stop is of course Zhuojun.
Liu Bei has long wanted to go back to Taoyuan, but he has been delayed by various things over the years and has never had time to go. Now he finally made up his mind to go and took his second, third and fourth brothers to drink in Taoyuan.
.
It's just that the emperor naturally had to spend time preparing for a patrol, and there were a lot of messy things. At the very least, officials from various places had to build a temporary palace to accommodate Liu Bei.
However, considering that the emperor's patrol might waste people and money, Chen Mu stopped the construction of the palace and instead asked various places to build government-run hotels.
The so-called hotel is a post station in ancient times. In addition to replacing horses for public servants, the inn at that time also had the function of food and accommodation. It was equivalent to an inn built by the imperial court, but it was not profitable.
With the opening of the Grand Canal in recent years, the circulation of goods has become more frequent, and business exchanges between various places have become closer. The inn business between towns has also risen, and large and small restaurants have been opened across the country.
It turns out that the post station network in the Han Dynasty was relatively weak and not as developed as it was after the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, taking this opportunity to build a government-run hotel was the best choice.
First, after the official hotel is built, it will be like a guest house, which can entertain officials, military officers and civil servants from various places.
Second, it can still be open to the outside world during normal times and make a lot of money while the hotel business is at its best.
As a master of economics, Chen Mu is also very clear that if all enterprises are state-owned, the economic benefits may not be too high, and it is prone to problems such as rigid system, chaotic management, unclear rights and responsibilities, lack of motivation, insufficient innovation, etc. in future generations of my country's state-owned enterprises.
Therefore, he reformed the existing state-owned enterprises. Except for the more important state-owned enterprises, local state-owned enterprises were handed over to local management. The local government could cooperate with local businessmen to jointly establish them.
A government-run hotel like this can be completely led by the local government and jointly built with local businessmen, and then the rights and responsibilities can be divided to form a responsibility contract management.
In this way, contractors have the incentive to operate, and the government can also take a certain proportion of dividends, which benefits everyone.
The only problem is that corruption may occur, personal enrichment may occur, state-owned assets may be sold at low prices, or state property may be misappropriated through government-business cooperation.
Therefore, in order to deal with this situation, supervision must be carried out. The local People's Yuan, the Supervisory Yuan, and the Industrial and Commercial Bureau all have regulatory powers in this regard.
Once discovered, they must be severely punished. Those who report will also be rewarded to prevent officials from colluding with powerful people.
After the promulgation of such a policy, a trend of building government-run hotels quickly emerged across the country.
It's just that building a hotel doesn't take a day or two, so the tour was delayed again.
It wasn't until the twenty-third year of Zhang Wu that Liu Bei officially prepared to set off.
As a result, at this point, Chen Mu's mother died of illness at the age of seventy-three.
Liu Bei had no choice but to cancel his tour plan and go to Qingzhou to mourn Chen's mother, which was delayed for a month.
Chen Mu has to observe mourning for another year.
Therefore, after Liu Bei returned to Luoyang, he put the northern tour at the last stop. He first went to the southern tour of Guangzhou, Yangzhou and other places, then went to Sichuan, Guanzhong, and finally Zhuojun.