"The clearing of land in Shandong is in full progress. Imperial fields, Wangzhuangs, military fields, pastures, school fields, wasteland that cannot be cultivated for scientific research, etc. are all being inventoried and measured intensively..."
"The Banner Zhuang fields, Huang Zhuang fields, Wang fields, Eight Banners flag fields, and Green camp fields that were captured by the Tatars after they entered the Pass and settled in Shandong were all recovered,"
Huang Zongxi, the governor of Shandong, and Ruan Dacheng, the minister of household affairs, reported to the emperor together.
"Your Majesty, due to the invasion of the Tatars, the rise of thieves, floods, droughts, and locust plagues, famines are widespread, and the Tatars are expropriating and expropriating the land, which has caused the tenants in Shandong to flee and the land is desolate, and the land ownership relationship is in chaos. Now it is difficult to completely clean up the land, and it will take time."
Zhu Yihai looked at the report in front of him and said firmly, "Clean up when it's time to clean up. Don't be afraid of trouble or difficulties. If you don't clean up and rectify things now that you have the conditions, it will be even harder to go back.
First, we must clear out the former Huangzhuang, Wangzhuang, and military garrison areas. No matter whether they are occupied by tenants, invaded by powerful forces, or occupied by Tatars before, they must be cleared out.
After these fields are measured and registered, some of them will be set aside as needed for school renting, government renting, post office renting, regiment training field renting, etc., and they will be leased with priority to school staff, government officials, subordinates, and postmen.
Tuanlian Township, etc. still collect land parcels as civilian fields, and the land rent is 40% of the autumn grain. The land parcels are collected by the government and then the official warehouse is turned over to the state treasury.
The remaining fields will be sold to the imperial camp, Beijing camp and other officers and soldiers at a priority price.
Then it was used as a field for the imperial officials and generals given to them by the imperial court.
Then, the remaining official land can be leased or sold to the current occupiers with priority. The selling price will be based on the market price, and the land rent will be 40% of the autumn grain."
Among the fields that the court now wants to take back, the largest amount should be the royal villages of the various vassal kings. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the royal palaces in various places were basically destroyed by the peasant army and the Tatars. The fields were either occupied by the Tatars or were occupied by the original
Tenants occupied the land, or local powerful men took the opportunity to occupy it.
For example, after the vassals of Datong Mansion were raided and suppressed by the Shun army, all the clan houses were occupied by thieves, and all the land and villages were occupied by thieves. After Jiang Xiang killed the Dashun generals and surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, he generously rewarded these houses and fields to his subordinates.
, but there are still 1,600 empty houses for the clan, more than 1,300 hectares of land, and 58 large and small villas.
In Zhuangtou, the tenants took advantage of the chaos and occupied the fields one after another. The local powerful even took the opportunity to occupy the land.
This time, the prominent families in Shandong came to make a pilgrimage, and they took the initiative to confess that they had occupied many royal villages, royal fields, military camps, etc. This family occupied a few hectares, and that family occupied hundreds of acres, and they all took the opportunity to rob them.
Of course, the bulk of the land was mainly occupied by the Tatars. The Tatars confiscated many royal estates in Shandong as official fields, and then garrisoned the Eight Banners and went around to enclose the land. Because Shandong was the front line and there were many Eight Banners garrisoned, it was more occupied than in history.
acquired more land in Shandong.
But on the other hand, due to war, famine, etc., tenants fled and the land was depleted.
Tenants fled in large numbers, resulting in a large number of vassal and official fields, even those owned by powerful people, becoming deserted.
There were six Ming princes in Shandong, and three of them were either deposed or eliminated. It was passed down to the Chongzhen Dynasty that there were still three princes, and they occupied a huge number of vassal fields.
The first discussion is about the Dewang family who was sealed in Jinan. The Dewang family has at least 6,500 hectares of farmland. In addition to the village farmland, there are also land with fat powder, chicken and goose food fields, goose and duck factories, etc. King De once divided Puzhou, Fanyang, Liaocheng
, the free land receded due to the Yellow River breach in Linqing was begged to be used as a duck and goose factory, and grains were levied on a per-acre basis. In Puzhou alone, the grain land occupied by Prince De's Mansion amounted to more than 3,000 hectares.
Prince De's Mansion still has 2,765 hectares of land in Weixian, Changyi and Gaomi counties.
But that's not all. The princes and generals under the German vassal will also have some land.
In the tax rolls of the Ming Dynasty, the royal vassals were not recorded because they did not pay taxes.
One thing in particular is that most of the vassal fields of the Shandong royal family are large acres with an area of 540 steps per mu, rather than the standard area of 240 steps per acre.
The Tatars ordered that the Ming vassal farmland be removed from the clan title and be integrated with the civilian farmland to collect grain and serve as errands. The land that originally belonged to them was incorporated into the prefecture and county where it was located, and was called renamed farmland.
There are 25,893 hectares of renamed farmland in Shaanxi, more than 50,000 hectares of renamed farmland in Henan, and tens of thousands of hectares in Shandong.
The Prince De's Mansion in Jinan alone has 6,500 hectares of farmland, as well as 6,000 to 7,000 hectares of powdered land, duck and goose factories, etc., not counting the large amounts of land such as the Sanhu Lake Land that they have repeatedly petitioned for.
Ruan Dacheng asked, "Do I need to allocate some Wangzhuang land to Huangzhuang?"
Zhu Yihai thought for a while, but shook his head.
"All the land formerly owned by Lu Fan can be classified as imperial estates." Ruan Dacheng suggested that the land owned by Lu Fan originally belonged to Zhu Yihai. Now that Zhu Yihai is the emperor and Lu Fan has been eliminated, this land naturally belongs to the royal family.
Lu Fan actually had a lot of land. Although it was not as much as De Fan, it was not much different. In addition to the rewarded fields, it also presented land to the court in various names such as fat powder land, duck and goose factory, vacant land, idle land, beach land, wasteland, etc.
To beg, to beg for gifts.
For example, Wenshang County is close to Yanzhou, and more than half of the land belongs to the Lu Palace. Lu Fan also owns more than 400 hectares of land in Yuncheng, and also owns a large number of lake fields in Nansi Lake, Dongping Lake and other places.
If we calculate it as two hundred and forty steps per acre, Lu Fan's land of 10,000 hectares is only a lot more.
Although these ten thousand hectares were not all fertile land, they did occupy so much land. Zhu Yihai had previously turned some traitor land into Wangzhuang in eastern Zhejiang, Jiangnan and other places, and later sold some of it.
The emperors of the Ming Dynasty also had many farmlands, and some had more than 30,000 hectares of farmland at one time.
Therefore, Ruan Dacheng suggested that the emperor designate all the royal villages of the Lu clan as royal palaces and palaces.
"In this way, if one-tenth of the more than 10,000 hectares of land originally owned by the Lu vassal were taken out, I would like to take 1,800 hectares of land. Eighteen hectares of land would be used as a village, and a large county or town in Shandong would be set up as a village.
There are nearly a hundred villages in Shandong County, which is just right. Use Lu Fan's land to adjust it, and gather the eighteen hectares of Huangzhuang's land together to build a village to facilitate management."
After some consideration, Zhu Yihai finally decided to retain Huangzhuang's 1,800 hectares and 180,000 acres of land in Shandong, which is one tenth of Lu Fan's fields. However, the fields in Huangzhuang will definitely be Shangtian. In addition, Zhu Yihai did not plan to keep it as before
, and gather the land together.
This chapter is not over, please click on the next page to continue reading! He plans to build an imperial village in each county, so that it will be dispersed and not have a serious impact on the local people. On the other hand, these imperial estates can also be the emperor's local possessions.
The eyes and ears play a role in monitoring the place and observing the people.
The remaining land of Prince Lu's Mansion, like the lands of De Fan and Heng Fan, were all transferred to the government.
Part of the preferential treatment was sold to Ming Dynasty military officers and soldiers, officials, and some was reserved as public rental land and rented out to local officials, postmen, government officials, regiment training, instructors, etc., as welfare subsidies for them, and the rest was sold to
Local people will be given priority in selling to landless farmers.
Haoqiang Land mainly implements purchase restrictions, that is, land ownership quotas. Different grades of titles, casual officials, honorary officials, etc. can own different amounts of land. This land amount may be subdivided into how much land each prefecture and county has. It cannot be in
One place is too much.
As for ordinary farmers, according to the quota of Ding, one person is allowed to cultivate ten acres of land.
Imperial soldiers can own at least thirty acres of land.
If you don't have enough fame, official position, title, etc., you can't have more land even if you have money.
"If you want to do it, you must do it right the first time. This time we must clean up the fields and go to the end. All the fields must be cleared out, then re-registered, and the deeds exchanged. In the future, only new deeds will be recognized, and the land rights must be clarified. Not only must the land rights be cleared, but the land rights must be clarified.
After all the land was cleared, it was divided into cultivated land, grassland, and forest land, and it was also divided into upper field, middle field, and lower field.
It is necessary to set up two account books, one is the original data, the other is based on the court rules, all the fields are converted into standard tax acres, upper and lower fields, large and small acres, cultivated land and forest land are converted into standard tax acres, and then the
This land tax is collected and distributed to the land."
Nowadays, the land in Shandong is very chaotic. Either the ownership of the land is unknown, the original owner has disappeared, escaped, or it has been occupied or occupied. Many tenants directly occupy it without paying taxes or rent. Or the tenants have escaped.
In the wilderness, the landowner holds the title deed, but there is no one to cultivate the land.
"Your Majesty, there is one more thing that I want to report to you in particular." Governor Huang Zongxi reported, "The Kong family in Qufu requested the imperial court to restore their Yansheng Dukedom, and allow tenants and powerful people from all over the country to occupy farming land, as well as the original Qing captives.
All the land taken will be returned to the Kong family."
The title of Duke Yan Sheng was hereditary for the eldest descendant of Confucius, and was granted the title by Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty.
However, the canonization of the Confucius family began in the twelfth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, 1,800 years ago, when Kong Teng, the eighth grandson of Confucius, was named the enshrined king. From then on, the eldest grandson of Confucius had a hereditary title. In the following thousand years, the titles have changed many times.
, during the reign of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty, the title was changed to Yanshenggong, and later it was changed to Fengshenggong for a time, and then changed back again, and has been followed ever since.
Those who came after Confucius were called Baocheng, Baozun, Zongsheng in the Han and Wei dynasties. They were called Fengsheng in the Jin and Song Dynasties, Chongsheng in the Later Wei, Gongsheng in the Northern Qi, Gongsheng in the Later Zhou Dynasty, Sui Dynasty and Zou State, and Bao in the early Tang Dynasty.
Saint, in the Kaiyuan Dynasty, he first posthumously named Confucius King Wenxuan, and later as Duke Wenxuan.
Later, in the Song Dynasty, because the Tang Dynasty had posthumously granted Confucius the title of King Wenxuan, and Confucius's descendants were granted the title of Duke Wenxuan, it was inappropriate to add the posthumous title of their ancestor to the descendants of Confucius, so they changed the title to Duke Yansheng.
After the Han Dynasty deposed all schools of thought and respected Confucianism, Confucius became a saint and his status became higher and higher. All dynasties were willing to respect this Confucian master, so they gave his descendants a very high status. From the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty to the end of the Ming Dynasty, Confucius has experienced
For more than 1,800 years, it has been enjoyed by generations, which is much better than the sects and vassals of the Ming Dynasty.
In the late Northern Song Dynasty, when the Jurchens moved south, some members of the Confucius family actually moved south with Emperor Gaozong, and Qu established the Southern Sect, so the northern and southern sects stood side by side. Later, the Jin, Yuan, and Song dynasties came together, and each established a Yan Sheng Gong.
In the Yuan Dynasty, there was internal fighting among the Kong family, and Emperor Xianzong of the Yuan Dynasty removed the contemporary Duke Yansheng from the title of Duke Yansheng, and did not grant the title of Duke Yansheng again for a long time. It was not until after the destruction of the Southern Song Dynasty that the Duke Yansheng granted by the Song Dynasty gave way to the eldest son of Qufu. However, it was not until the Yuan Dynasty that the Duke Yansheng was granted the title of Duke Yansheng.
Only after Emperor Chengzong was established did he issue an edict to confer the title of Holy Duke of Xinyan, ending the situation of two sects coexisting for more than 100 years.
In the Ming Dynasty, Duke Yan had a very high status, ranking above the cabinet ministers.
However, when the Qing army moved south, the Kong family was more active than anyone else in surrendering to the Qing.
Zhu Yihai actually disdains and despises the Kong family as a relative. The Lu Fan in Yanzhou and the Kong family in Qufu are very close, so the two families have been married for generations and are very close relatives.
But the Kong family did not appreciate the Ming Dynasty's kindness at all. As soon as the Tatars came, Yanshenggong Kong Yanzhi immediately went to the table to persuade him. The Tatars were not satisfied and asked the Kong family to take the lead in shaving their heads, so Kong Yanzhi immediately went to the table to shave their heads and told
Shunzhi, said that as soon as I received the imperial edict, I immediately summoned Kong Yinchun, the Shizhi County Magistrate of Qufu, Kong Yinjue, hereditary doctor of the Five Classics of the Hanlin Academy, Yan Shaoxu, Zeng Wenda, Zhongzibi, Wang Shilu, professor of the fourth clan, and Kong Wenran, nun
Kong Xingrong was admitted to Shan Academy, Kong Shangcheng was admitted to Zhusi Academy, etc. They ordered subordinate officials, even temple households, tenants, etc. to have their heads shaved. They even invited Shandong ministers to come and watch the ceremony, and asked painters to present their portraits.
Zhu Yihai didn't want to recognize this kind of relative at all.
It was even worse than Qian Qianyi's itchy scalp. They also knew how to find an excuse. They persuaded people to get married and shaved their hair. They even took the lead in shaving their hair. They even didn't spare the tenants at home. They still had the nerve to look for portraits.
.
But this is also the tradition of the Confucius family.
The Song, Jin and Yuan dynasties stood side by side, resulting in three Yan Sheng Gong.
Whoever reigns supreme in the world, they will immediately surrender.
There is a saying that says, Shixiu surrenders to the outside world. It is very vivid and accurate.
Even after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, they still did this. When the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded, Kong Lingyi brought a portrait of King Edward VII of the British Empire from Johnston, beat gongs and drums to welcome it into Confucius' mansion, and then enshrined it.
When Japan and Germany went to war in Shandong, Kong Lingyi also welcomed the portrait of the German Emperor Wilhelm II into the Confucius Mansion with drums and gongs.
Later, when the Japanese invaded, Chiang Kai-shek urged Kong Decheng to go to Chongqing, but he was delayed in leaving. Instead, he was busy writing poems for the Japanese Kenji Doihara in Qufu.
.
Damn it.
Later, Chiang Kai-shek sent a division commander to lead troops and transferred him to Chongqing. Otherwise, he would have to beat gongs and drums to welcome the emperor's portrait into the Confucius family.
For more than a thousand years, what the Kong family was best at was writing persuasion forms.
Not only did I write to the Tatars, I also wrote to Li Zicheng.
After Zhu Yihai captured Denglai, a Kong family member in Dengzhou surrendered Zhu Yihai and gave him a third-grade patrol. However, this guy even dared to embezzle relief food. Zhu Yihai was so angry that he beheaded him directly.
, and even more disgusted with the Kong family.
Now that the Ming Dynasty has restored Shandong, only Yanzhou City is left, and Qufu has also been recovered by the Ming Dynasty.
The Kong family still had the nerve to ask the court to confer the title of Holy Duke to their family, and to ask the court to return their land to them.
"How much land does the Kong family have?"
"The Kong family owns a lot of land in Shandong, and also has land in Nanzhi, Beizhi, Henan, Shandong, etc. In Shandong Province alone, it has more than 1,600 hectares of land, and the other places add up to more than one million hectares.
mu."
Zhu Yihai couldn't help but sigh after hearing this number.
"Emperors of all dynasties granted more than 3,600 hectares of land to commemorate Confucius, but there were still more lands that were occupied by local officials in the name of running schools and worshiping Confucius. Some even took advantage of farmers' famine and bankruptcies to buy them by force.
Clever deception, disguised plunder and annexation, as well as direct occupation and unreasonable annexation. In the history of the Confucius Mansion, there were several large-scale and unreasonable land enclosures. For example, in the name of inspecting sacrificial fields, they claimed that Tongshan and Pei County in northern Jiangsu were
There were ninety hectares of sacrificial fields established by the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. They directly sent village officials and thousands of people to swarm Peijing. They built 25 private villages and built hundreds of houses on the ground. They planted the flags of Shenggong Mansion everywhere and destroyed them.