"Student Luo Ji was born in Zengguang County, Licheng County, Jinan Prefecture, and informed the county that Yao Qisheng had colluded with powerful local gangs to rob students of their birth." Luo Ji held up the petition and complained in the street. Qi Lisun took it and saw that the industry involved in the lawsuit was written on it.
There are four and fifty acres of anointed land and a farmhouse.
"Follow me back to the office and tell you carefully!"
The governor is also responsible to the emperor. Soldiers and horses, military pay, money and food, cities, and lijia are all handled by the governor. Correcting fraud, executing people and restoring restoration, reviewing unjust punishments, recruiting officials and farmers, recording merits and rewards, etc.
It is the exclusive responsibility of the patrol and the governor, and the governor shall not interfere.
In case of major local government affairs, the governor and supervisor will handle it together.
The local health officer informed the county that this was within the scope of patrol inspection.
Qi Lisun took the person back to the patrol yamen and began to investigate the case.
After preliminary inquiries, I learned some information. The man named Luo Ji was a student from Zengguang, Licheng County, and Zengguang students were also a type of scholar.
The official name of the Ming Dynasty scholars is Shengyuan. Those who pass the three examinations of the county, prefecture, and hospital are called entering schools in the prefecture, state, or county.
Just a child.
The students also include the tribute students in the Imperial Academy. The tribute students are further subdivided into the annual tribute students, the selected tribute students, the engon students, the bagong students, and the paying tribute students.
Students in local Confucian schools can be divided into three categories: Lin students, Zengguang students, and attached students in prefectural schools, prefecture schools, and county schools.
Lin students are also scholars, but they are equivalent to those who receive scholarships or public funds. They are given monthly food and living allowances. There are a fixed number of seats. Forty people are in the government school, thirty are in the prefecture school, and twenty are in the county school. They are given rice every month.
Six buckets.
Those who increase in number are called "increasing students", and are called "enlarged students" in provinces. Those who add additional students are attached to the end of all students, and are called "affiliated students", and are called "affiliated students" in provinces. Those who are new to school in the future
They are all called epiphysics. Those with higher age and subjects can be supplemented with hyperplasia and Linsheng. Among Linsheng, those with higher Linnian years can be supplemented with annual tribute.
Luo Ji is an additional student, which is equivalent to a second-class scholar. He does not have a salary, but he can make up for the junior students based on his results in the two annual examinations. There are also quotas for Zengguang students. Although there is no public funding, there are some benefits in terms of assessment and compensation.
Advantages, so the status is not bad, and there are advantages in teaching in the classroom.
Of course, all scholars of the Ming Dynasty, no matter what kind of talents they were, had the privilege of being exempted from Yao service. Even by the end of the Ming Dynasty, they could also be exempted from a lot of land tax and grain.
Of course, if a scholar fails to pass the Juren examination and his performance in the annual assessment is too poor, he will also be demoted. He is called Qingyi, a social student. He cannot be called a scholar, nor can he pass the Juren examination. He must first take the government examination to become a scholar with Tongsheng.
, and no longer have the privilege of exemption from military service and food.
Luo Ji is a Zengguang student of the county school, a second-class scholar, and has a lot of privileges.
With the reputation of being a scholar, it can be seen that officials do not kneel down, and they cannot be punished even if they go to court to hear a case.
Ordinary people have to go out, but scholars don't. Scholars are exempted from labor and food. If they become scholars, they can also raise slaves and maids. If they are ordinary people, they can be guarantors during the imperial examinations for children, and they have insurance premiums. Ordinary people also have to go to court.
Asking someone with a good reputation to write a complaint, etc. is equivalent to acting as a lawyer and charging a sum of money.
Others, such as those with a good reputation can keep slaves, but ordinary people cannot, and even the standards for dressing and traveling have been improved.
Although it is not as good as being able to become an official directly by raising a person, the common people must use official courtesy when they meet the gentry.
If you pass the examination as a scholar, you will enter the gentry class and become the privileged class.
Luo Ji filed a lawsuit for himself. He wanted to fight for two hundred and fifty acres of good land and a farmhouse. According to his lawsuit, the reason for the incident was that the land and the farmhouse belonged to a general of Defan in Jinan.
Later, it was distributed to his descendants. Then during the Chongzhen period, his descendants were poor and sold it to the public at a price, and Luo Ji paid for it.
Unexpectedly, not long after, a Lu fan surnamed Wei Qigu, who was originally responsible for managing the land, sold the land to local tycoon Gao Kai, and even accepted deposits from Fu Sheng, Guo Zhuangtu and Guo Jia.
Sell more in one place.
This man surnamed Wei took the money and ran away without a trace.
Naturally, the families who had paid the money refused, so a lawsuit started.
Later, when Gao Kai saw that he could not win the lawsuit, he directly sold the land to the Kong family in Qufu at a low price. Luo Ji was not willing to accept the land occupied by the Kong family, so he continued to fight the lawsuit. As a result, Guo Luo and others lost the lawsuit, and all the land fell into the hands of the Kong family.
Then the Tatars went south to Shandong, and the bannermen raced to enclose the land. The Kong family also had a lot of land taken away, including this piece of land.
Then, now that the Qing army has regained Jinan, of course the land taken by the bannermen must return to its original owners. So the Kong family and the Luo family started fighting for land again.
After much debate, Yao Qisheng, the magistrate of Licheng County, made a verdict.
Yao Qisheng sent someone to investigate and found that the land was not sold by the Defan clan, but was sold privately by Wei Qiggu. In the Ming Dynasty, the feudal Wangtian was managed by some specific management personnel, such as Cheng Ying, Zhuang Tou
, Xiaowei, Zhongjun, flag and drum, etc. are responsible for managing land and collecting rented grain.
They knew the feudal property very well, and some of them were even local powerful locals.
At the end of Chongzhen, the Qing army went south to invade Jinan and abducted King De's family. Many sects and vassals were also abducted, and the owner of the land was also abducted. However, it was still managed and managed by Wei Qiggu.
Later, seeing that the situation was not good, he sold the land.
They sold two houses on the same site, collected deposits from two houses, took the money and disappeared, causing several lawsuits for several years.
After the Tatars came, there was no result in this lawsuit, but because the Eight Banners encircled the land, the lawsuit was settled.
Now that the Ming Dynasty has regained Jinan, several families have started this old lawsuit again.
Unexpectedly, after Yao Qisheng's investigation, he determined that the clan's land was sold privately by Wei, so the sale was illegal. After all, the land belonged to the Defan clan.
Regardless of the Luo family or the Kong family, they were actually deceived by people named Wei. Since they were deceived, they went to find people named Wei, and the land still belonged to De Fan. However, the current policy of the imperial court is that the land of the vassal vassal is taken back to the state, so these lands
Just lose the official position.
This time, no one can compete.
The money they were defrauded from when they bought land was unless they found someone named Wei, but even if they found it, the money would probably have been spent.
Of course they were unwilling and wanted the land, but Yao Qisheng ignored them.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! Luo Ji is making trouble every day.
And since Yao Qisheng is the kind of person who can earn two hundred thousand taels of silver in three years, and he can persuade Yang Jie to offer Jinan City, he is not an ordinary person.
Since Luo Ji was dishonest, he tried to find a way to make him honest. He didn't go looking for anyone named Wei, since there was nowhere to look for him anyway, so he looked for Luo Ji and sent people to conduct an open and covert investigation.
Sure enough, many problems were found.
For example, he reported a piece of land to Shangguan, one hectare and fifty-two acres, and said it was a land purchased by a concubine at the end of Chongzhen Dynasty for thirty-eight taels of silver. He also issued a land purchase contract.
But after Yao Qisheng's investigation, he found that the transaction was fake. The clan had long since disappeared from the war and had never sold the land to Luo Ji. It was Luo Ji who had occupied this terra incognita and now reported it as a sale.
This Luo Ji was usually a litigator, controlling the yamen and collecting taxes.
After the Qing Dynasty occupied Shandong, on the one hand, the Eight Banners raced to enclose the land, and on the other hand, they changed the price and name of the vassal fields.
The so-called price change and name change is to sell off the confiscated imperial land, royal land, xunqi land, official land, etc. with appraised money to collect land sales money to subsidize financial expenses.
This Luo Ji was usually a troublemaker at the Licheng County Government Office, otherwise most people would not dare to file lawsuits with the Kong family and entangle them endlessly.
He colluded with county magistrates and subordinates to seize those fields, or underestimated low-ranking people such as Zhang Guoji, the father of Emperor Tianqi and Empress, and granted him the title of Taikang Bo. He was granted sixteen hectares of good land in Licheng.
There are sixteen hectares and sixty-three acres of sandy land.
Fengwen of Licheng County sold it to Luo Ji at a high price. Good land was valued at nine cents per mu, and sandy land was valued at four and a half cents per mu.
This price, even in times of war, was exorbitantly cheap.
But they colluded, dared to estimate such a price, sold it at a seriously low price, and misappropriated assets.
The Tatar officials in the Qing court in Beijing, even though they were thousands of miles away, knew that the price was wrong. Even if they paid for it, they still refuted it three times, thinking that the price was too low. So Luo Ji and the magistrate waited for a year to get the price.
The increase in silver per mu was only raised to two cents and five cents per mu for good land, and one cent and two cents per mu for sandy land.
One tael of silver can buy four acres of good land and eight acres of sandy land.
Moreover, this acre is still a large acre, equivalent to a normal three acres, which means that they actually bought 12 acres of good land for one tael of silver.
Through this method, Luo Ji bought more than 3,200 acres of land with only a few hundred taels of silver. In fact, it was more than 9,600 acres of land.
This guy also teamed up with others to transfer 573 hectares of official land in Jinan Prefecture to the name of Prince Duanzhong Bolo. In fact, he turned the official land into his own private property. After paying the rent to Bolo,
The rest became theirs, whereas originally it was public land and everything was owned by the government.
Through various means, during the years when the Qing Dynasty occupied Shandong, although Luo Ji was still a scholar, he became the richest man in Licheng and even a famous landowner in Jinan.
They also used some other means to occupy land, such as reporting the feudal prince's land to the government as wasteland, and then using it as wasteland for their own use, converting mature land into wasteland, changing property rights, and being exempted from paying land taxes for several years.
A mere scholar from Luo family is certainly not an exception. In fact, this situation was very serious in the late Ming Dynasty. After the Qing army invaded Shandong, they took advantage of the opportunity to change the price, change the name of the vassal field, etc., and launched a feast of carving up and occupying almost every prefecture.
The powerful gentry in the county were all involved, and officials and subordinates at all levels in Shandong Province's prefectures and counties also participated in and cooperated throughout the process, even accepting bribes and money until they were soft.
A large amount of fertile and mature land was reported and renamed as reclaimed land.
And many vassal kingdoms were sold and bought by them for a few cents of silver per acre, or one or two cents of silver per acre.
They even encroach on interests by changing the size of acres, cultivated land, wasteland, paddy fields, dry land, etc.
The so-called price change and name change is actually a process in which Shandong gentry united to divide and occupy the original Ming dynasty vassals, kinships, and official lands.
It is said that it was renamed and turned into civilian land, but in fact it was sold at a low price and embezzled, and the top and bottom colluded together.
Therefore, in the past, the vassals had the most land in various places. For example, several vassal palaces in Shandong each occupied 20,000 to 30,000 hectares of land. However, the powerful families in other places did not have much land, with thousands to tens of thousands of acres already.
A lot.
But in the few short years after Beijing fell and the Tatars moved south, many large families with several thousand hectares of land appeared in Shandong, such as the Changshan Liu family, which owned more than three thousand hectares of land.
In addition to the thousands of hectares of farmland that were sent in the name, the remaining nearly 200,000 acres of land were only over 10,000 acres. The rest were almost all divided up in this round of feasts.
Almost no cost.
Luo Ji was just a talented scholar, but in this great tide, he became the richest man in Licheng, owning thousands of hectares of land.
There is also the Confucius family in Qufu.
After being re-established as Yanshenggong by Beijing, he also usurped a lot of vassal property. The only things he now recognizes to the Emperor of Heaven are more than 93 hectares of grain land of Yuande Fan in Dongping Prefecture, Luwangzhuang in Ziyang County
There are more than thirty hectares of land, more than two hectares of abandoned feudal grain land in Yanggu County, and one hectare and fifty acres of royal land in Yuncheng County.
In addition, in Qufu, Zouxian, etc., there are also many royal lands.
They also competed with the local gentry for property in many places. For example, a piece of land in Woli Village in Zouxian County was originally the Wangzhuang of King Yangxin, with a total of more than 20 hectares.
Originally, a landowner named Xu Qing first occupied five hectares of land. Then Kong Shangren, a close relative of the Confucius family, took a fancy to it, and the whole village recognized it. As a result, the two families filed a lawsuit. Finally, Kong Shangren used the name of Yanshenggong to force the county magistrate to give all the land to Kong Shangren.
.
In addition, property disputes such as the case with Luo Ji occurred in the five provinces of Zhili, Henan, Shandong, and Shanxi.
Even Beijing has discovered many problems. For example, the newly reclaimed land reported was actually the land originally included in the Shandong field register after careful inspection, but they reported cultivated land as wasteland, turning the country's cultivated land into ridiculous wasteland.
.
During this round of large-scale annexation of Shandong fields, the land was basically concentrated in the hands of the powerful gentry and the Eight Banners.
Some of the remaining common people, in order to avoid the extremely heavy burden of Ding labor, Ding Yin, additional levies, etc., simply brought their land and people to donate. Either the land was enclosed and forced to donate to the Eight Banners, or they actively donated to the landlords and gentry.
, just to survive.
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! There are more people who fled directly.
Unwilling to be a slave and overwhelmed.
With his wife and children, he left his hometown and fled, especially after Zhu Yihai fought in Denglai, he continued to flee.
However, local Qing Dynasty officials, gentry and powerful officials kept reporting to the court, saying that the land was deserted due to the fleeing tenants. 90% of the fields in Shandong were deserted, and the land could not be planted at all. Therefore, no matter whether they sold it at a different price or hired tenants, they could not find it.
to people.
The land price is still set too high, several times higher than the market price, and it is impossible to recruit tenants to rent the land.
Although the Tatars also sent Manchu and Han imperial envoys to Beizhi, Shandong and other provinces to jointly preside over the cleanup with the governors in order to obtain urgently needed money and grain, the results were very little, because the interests were divided up from top to bottom.
In the end, Beijing even had no choice but to issue an order to recruit people to cultivate the land in the vassal that had no one to buy it and lease it, just like the old wasteland, so that they would not have to pay the price or pay any taxes.
In the end, there was no scum left. The powerful officials divided these lands directly as wasteland, without even paying a few cents per acre, and even directly turned it into wasteland that was exempted from taxation and would never be subject to taxation.
Yao Qisheng had been staying in Jinan for a long time, so he didn't know this. Luo Ji insisted on suing him without any sense. After giving him a gift and refusing to accept it, he actually thought about suing him so that someone else could continue.
Collusion.
How could Yao Qisheng tolerate him? So he made public the evidence he had found and announced that all the fields occupied by Luo Ji would be taken away from the government. There were more than a thousand hectares of land in total. No matter how they were occupied, all of them would be confiscated.
Only then did Luo Ji stop the patrol officer Qili Sunzhuan at the city gate and inform the county.
Although Qi Lisun is young, he has followed Qi Biaojia for several years and served in the Central Court of the Imperial Court. He has experience and experience, so he will not be easily deceived by Luo Ji.
"This complaint has been accepted by the inspector. You can go back and wait for the investigation and be summoned."
Luo Ji also came prepared.
He took out a stack of land deeds directly from his pocket.
"This is the fiefdom granted to Licheng County by the father of the former Tianqi Emperor, Empress Zhang. There are sixteen hectares of good land and sixteen hectares of sandy land. They are both large hectares. One acre is equivalent to three acres of 240 paces."
"What does this mean?"
"It's a small thought, but no respect. If Mr. Qi can help me uphold justice, after the matter is completed, the student is willing to present two more Zhuangzi."
Qili Sun smiled.
Luo Ji also laughed.
Then.
"Come here, capture this bold man and put him in jail. He dares to openly bribe the police patrol. It's so audacious."
Several followers came up, knocked Luo Ji to the ground, and quickly tied him up.
"Sir, after the matter is completed, I am willing to give you half of the more than a thousand hectares of land." Luo Ji was anxious.
"Take it down!"
"You don't know whether to live or die, you think I can be bullied because of my young age!" he shouted angrily.
