After the Mid-Autumn Festival, the weather turns cooler.
But the good news comes one after another.
When Ma Guozhu entered Shanxi, Shi Tingzhu, Zhang Ji, Bian Dashou and others surrendered to the city. Ma Guozhu, Li Jiyu, Xu Dingguo, Zhang Ding, Ding Qiguang and others quickly swept through Shanxi. When the first snow fell in Taiyuan, the entire south of Yanmen Pass,
All prefectures and counties have basically surrendered to the Ming Dynasty.
Just like the autumn wind sweeping away the fallen leaves, prefectures and counties all over the country are looking forward to the wind.
When the invading army entered Shanxi, they encountered heroic resistance from the former Yongwei general Zhou Yuji. After that, there was no decent resistance. Later, when the Qing army moved south, it was also unstoppable.
Today, the Ming army is still like this. As soon as Taiyuan fell, people from all over the country surrendered.
"Your Majesty, Zu Daye led his troops to surrender Datong, brothers Zu Zerun mutinied at Zijingguan and captured Jidu and announced that they were rebelling, and Lang Tingzuo killed Ma Guanghui in Baoding and declared an uprising."
When he received the good news, Zhu Yihai had already returned to Luoyang and was still visiting the Songshan Shaolin. When a group of monks received the emperor, they were all frightened because the emperor had behaved in recent years and treated Buddhism, Taoism and other Catholicism.
Neither of them can be considered friendly, nor do they respect Buddhism or etiquette.
He publicly opposed idol worship more than once, and even criticized many issues such as the lending of land for temples and churches. Before the emperor went to the mountain, Governor Chen Qianfu had already arrived and brought many officials and soldiers to conduct a comprehensive inventory of the mountain temple industry.
It is necessary to not only inventory their industries, fields and shops, but also assess their monks, etc. The governor requires all the monks and monks in the temples in Jiangbei, Henan, to take the monks and monks examination organized by the government. The content is related to the scriptures and meanings, etc. It is very strict and also
There is a quota limit. Each province, each road, each prefecture, each county, and each township can only have as many temples and temples, and each temple can only have as many people.
If you pass the assessment, you must pay the ultimatum fee, and you can become a monk only if you have the ultimatum. Others such as temples and temples cannot engage in industry and commerce, cannot lend money, cannot buy land for rent, cannot even accept land donations, cannot gild Buddha statues, cannot cast bronze statues, etc.
, the new regulations require too many.
And if you can't pass the exam, even if you have money, you won't get the ultimatum and you have to return to secular life.
There is a quota for the land of each temple, and any excess will be taken away. The land within the quota can be rented out or grown by oneself, but the land must be paid in dingyin, not a penny less, and the rent rate of the tenant must be determined by the court.
within the drawn line.
Even the temple's floor space and building specifications have new restrictions that cannot be exceeded.
According to these notices given by Chen Qianfu to Shaolin, Shaolin, the most famous temple in the world, will be peeled off this time.
So when the emperor went up the mountain, not a single monk was happy.
In fact, the vast majority of monks in temples have failed the previous examinations and are immediately forced to return to secular life. Those who have passed the examination have exceeded the quota by many and still have to return to secular life, or they can only go to temples in other places. Some
If the temple is abandoned or the monks inside are unqualified, they can go there.
The monks objected, but what's the point of opposing now.
In the past, whether the Tatars or the rebels, even later Li Jiyu, Xu Dingguo, etc. in Henan, they often came to Shaolin to pay homage to the mountains, but they just wanted some food and money, or even recruited some monks, so they could just pay them off.
.
But this time the court came for real.
It is said that people are more afraid of being famous than people are afraid of being strong. Now the emperor wants to take action against temples, and Shaolin is the first to bear the brunt.
“Expected!”
When Zhu Yihai heard the good news, he was very calm. He even burned three sticks of incense in front of the Buddha. Then he turned around and said that the gold and bronze statues of the Buddha violated the rules and asked to be demolished.
Zhu Yihai did not want to destroy Buddhism like the three martial arts in history, but he did not understand the problems in today's temples. It was not to the point of endangering his rule, but it was certainly not a small problem.
He can also be regarded as the master of the resurgence of the Ming Dynasty. Now that he has the strength to solve some problems, he should do it. If he doesn't do it, it will be more difficult for others to do it in the future.
The King of Qin and the King of Han had also lit up the incense just now, but unexpectedly the emperor turned around and wanted to tear down the Buddha statue.
"When practicing worshiping Buddha, what you should cultivate is your heart. Don't be stuck in things, don't be trapped in your heart, and don't mess with people. Burning incense and worshiping Buddha and asking for his blessings is not practice. It's utilitarian. The Buddha statues in temples are the appearance.
The real Buddha is in your heart, practice yourself,
But now these people occupy mountains and invade land, build Buddhist temples, and build golden bodies. These are all evil ways of foreign ministers.
These people are not practicing cultivation, but getting something for nothing.
Let the common people pay homage to the Buddha, but they only want incense to offer it, and those who can offer it are not the Buddha, but the monks. These people call themselves monks, but they do not engage in production. They accept donations, go around for alms, and use the money donated by the people to lend money.
, look at how much land this Shaolin occupies, this mountain is almost finished by them, this Buddha is shining with golden light, and these monks are full of brains, but most of them can't even understand the basic Buddhist scriptures.
There are even monks who secretly raise women and give birth to children under the mountain.
They owned so much land and collected so much rent every year, not only to pay taxes to the court, but they also took the opportunity to lend money during the disaster years.
The so-called food relief is just to give out a little money and food as a pretense, so as to receive more donations from the people."
"I have nothing against worshiping Buddha and believing in Taoism, but what does it mean to be pious? If you become a monk, you must be like a monk. You must be pious and practice hard. At the very least, you must support yourself."
"You can't even learn Buddhist scriptures to worship the Buddha, so why worship the Buddha? Besides, when you are born, you still have many secular responsibilities and obligations, such as being filial to your parents, supporting the elderly and raising children. If your parents don't support you but you become a monk, this is
Should it?”
The Sanwu eradication of Buddhism was at a time when the temple economy had expanded to a very serious level and seriously threatened the rule. For example, in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, there were 5,000 large and medium-sized temples, more than 40,000 small temples, hundreds of thousands of monks and nuns, and temple slaves.
There are hundreds of thousands.
These temples also occupy countless fertile fields, forming one temple estate after another.
There was even a saying at that time that the world's wealth was very large, but the Buddha's severity was seven or eight. They collected land rent, issued usury loans, opened treasuries for pawns, and in the end did not pay taxes.
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! In the later period, dozens of monks were granted the title of Sikong Situ or even general, and began to participate in politics.
The problem of temples in the late Ming Dynasty was not as serious as when Sanwu destroyed Buddhism, but it was not much better. Although in the early Ming Dynasty, there were institutions and officials established to manage monks and Taoism, by this time, they were almost just decorations.
What Zhu Yihai wants now is to reorganize it.
First, there will be a round of clean-up and rectification. On the one hand, we will conduct monk and Taoist examinations, re-issue monks and Taoist certificates, and return those who fail and those who exceed the quota to secular life.
The other side is to clean up temples, temple properties, etc. All temples are cleaned up and registered, some are retained, registered and licensed, and some are banned.
Those who retain the awarded licenses must also clean up the temple property, mainly clearing the fields, and reserve a certain amount of fields according to the scale, number of monks, etc. If there is insufficient land, some can be reissued, and the excess can be taken away.
After finishing this, there is one more thing to do.
The Senglu Division and the Daolu Division were reset, and the Senggang Division and the Daogang Division were established at the local level. Officials such as Sengzheng and Daozheng were established to specifically manage monks and Taoist affairs.
All licensed temples and their abbots need to be assessed, appointed and supervised by the court. The procedure is that each temple recommends and nominates themselves, and the court assesses and then appoints them.
In addition, all properties retained by temples and temples must be registered under the Senglu Department. These temple properties, from temples to fields, etc., do not belong to the monks, but are managed by the Senglu Department. Of course, the Senglu Department cannot take care of these properties.
Infringement, but it is not allowed to be used casually by temples, temples, monks and Taoists.
They have the right to use it, but the ownership belongs to the court.
The imperial court conducts audits every quarter every year, and some major expenditures must be reported for approval.
From now on, apart from self-cultivation and tenant farming, temples and temples are not allowed to engage in lending, pawns and other financial industries, as well as all handicraft workshops and other processing industries such as grinding mills, and are not allowed to open shops and stalls in town markets and other profit-making activities.
The legal property of the temple can be used to maintain the temple, provide food and clothing for the monks and Taoists, and even print books and copy scriptures. In addition, the monks and Taoists are not allowed to use it to purchase real estate outside, buy horses or cars, etc.
It also stipulates that temples can accept small donations from the people, but they are not allowed to accept large donations, especially land donations.
The recruitment of disciples and the ordination of monks must be strictly subject to the supervision of the court and handled in accordance with regulations. Even monks who have obtained ordination must take regular examinations, just like the scholars in official schools. The sixth-class performance assessment method is that if you fail the exam three times in a row, you will be
The ultimatum must be withdrawn and expelled.
Seng Lusi really takes charge.
Shaolin has more than 14,000 acres of farmland, 540 acres of temple grounds, more than 5,000 pavilions, and more than 2,000 monks.
Despite the war, there are still a large number of monks.
Historically, during the land reform, there were only fourteen monks left in Shaolin, leaving them with twenty-eight acres of land to support themselves. But within a few years, they became a group again.
Even now, they have a large number of tenants and an army of monks, which is essentially the same as those of Li Jiyu and his others back then. They also have swords, guns, blunderbuss and even muskets and artillery, and they are quite powerful.
Generally, thieves, bandits, officers and soldiers want to cause trouble for them, but they are not opponents yet.
"Buddhism is a holy place, but this place is not holy. Before I came here, I heard that no one would marry the daughter of a tenant farmer in Shaolin, and no one would marry a young man. Do you know why?
Because the monks in charge of the tenants blatantly blackmailed the tenants, those with daughters would plant water to irrigate the land, those with good wives would plant good land, those with bad wives would plant bad land, and those without women would clear up wasteland."
"Do you understand what this means?"
The local tyrants and evil gentry in many places, because they hold the land that is the lifeblood of the tenant farmers, will produce a lot of oppression and injustice, not only tenant rent, free labor, etc., but some even make many excessive demands such as the right to stay out of the night.
This kind of thing is not new and strange at all for thousands of years. Although it is not universal, it happens everywhere.
These are some inevitable problems caused by occupying the means of production.
"Shaolin is considered a famous temple in the world. It should be reorganized and the name should not be ruined. Let's reserve a hundred monks and leave a thousand acres of land for self-cultivation or renting tenants, but the landowners will pay 2 per acre.
You have to pay four liters and two dou, and if you rent it out, you can only harvest 40% of the autumn grain, and you can't cross the line."
"Ask Senglussi to clean up and register all other properties in the temple. Collect what should be collected and keep what should be kept. However, what is left must be supervised and managed well. From now on, they will be properties under the name of Senglussi. The temple
Monks must also be managed and supervised by monk officials from Henan Prefecture and Dengfeng County."
"From now on, monks can practice with peace of mind. As monks, they should pay less attention to worldly matters and touch less worldly things such as gold, silver and money. Let the monks and monks take care of these."
"All monks are dismissed and cannot be retained."
After Zhu Yihai said this, he ignored the real and fake monks who knelt down to plead and went straight down the mountain.
The snow is falling harder and harder, and Songshan Mountain is becoming more and more beautiful.
No one tried to persuade him along the way. The emperor first attacked the vassal royal family of the old Zhu family, and then also attacked the Kong family in Qufu. Now it was expected that he would attack Shaolin and the temples. Moreover, the emperor also
It is not like Sanwu directly killing monks, destroying Buddha statues and banning people from believing in Buddhism.
You are still free to practice Buddhism and believe in Buddhism, but you cannot detach yourself from the world and have to be managed by the court.
Taizu Zhu Yuanzu had also formulated a complete management system for monks, Taoists and temples when he founded the country, but it had been abandoned long ago. Now the emperor has just reorganized it and made it a little more strict.
One thousand acres of land is quite a lot.
The rest will be returned to the public. This money will be used first to resettle monks and Taoists who have returned to secular life. They will be allocated fields and given land to settle down. The temple fields will also be sold to the former tenants of the temple at a high price.
Take it from the temple and use it for the people.
