"The summer is busy for half a month, the autumn is busy for forty days, the autumn is busy, and the embroidery girl also has to leave the boudoir."
On the way back to Tokyo, we walked along the Yellow River, and there was a busy scene in autumn on both sides of the bank. The sky was clear and the sun was rising, and the people were busy harvesting corn and planting wheat.
"The white dew comes early and the cold dew comes late, so the autumn equinox is the right time to plant wheat. The farming experience gained by farmers is very valuable."
Wen Anzhi also accompanied the emperor on horseback. The young prime minister had fully adapted to his role as chief minister and performed effectively in this position. He even won praise from both the government and the public, saying that he was better than the former chief minister, Song Zhipu.
good.
"This year is another good year. Even Henan, Shandong, Jiangbei, Hubei and Hanzhong have had a bumper harvest. Jiangxi, Hunan, Jiangdong and Sichuan have even had a bumper harvest. There are good harvest news from various places. The weather is also good. The weather is good everywhere. Grain stations in various places are now open.
Grain collection warehouses, reserve warehouses, transfer warehouses, Changping warehouses, charity warehouses, etc. have also begun to collect and store grain. This winter, there is no need to worry about famine."
In Hubei, which has just ended the war, although there is not much food for the autumn harvest, with the rapid deployment of surrounding areas, there is no need to worry about winter, especially the beans, sweet potatoes, potatoes, corn, etc. that the people rush to plant, which can also solve a lot.
"In the provinces in Jiangbei, there should be no problem with autumn planting this year, right?"
"Everywhere has been mobilized, and officials are busy with this matter. At present, many people have returned to their hometowns to resume production. The main problem is the lack of cattle, seeds, farm tools, and seeds after the war. Governments in various places have organized to send seeds.
Township, interest-free loan.
There is a big gap in the number of cattle and farm tools. Although they have been allocated from various places through the imperial court and the private sector, the gap is still very large. Now we are continuing to allocate cattle, horses and mules from various places for farming, and on the other hand we are encouraging people to form groups and exchange jobs, first using manpower
For plowing, let’s work together to complete the autumn sowing first, and then we will continue to bring in cattle.”
The south of the Yangtze River is stable. Nowadays, cattle are constantly transported northward from the south of the Yangtze River. In addition, it has a good relationship with Heshuote in Qingkang and Tibet. It has also established a stable tea and horse trade channel. A steady stream of cattle and horses is transported in, and the newly opened Hexi Corridor leads directly to the Tianshan Mountains.
, there are also cattle and horses transported from there.
Whether it is yaks and oxen from Qinghai-Tibet, oxen or even buffaloes from the south, oxen from the Tianshan Mountains or Ordos, or Hetao horses, Qinghai horses, etc., these large animals are all good helpers for plowing as long as they are taught how to plow.
"Cattle, horses, and mules are now in very short supply. The imperial court wants to help the people solve this problem. First, it must provide special cattle and horse loans. The first animal in each household should enjoy no interest or even very low interest. If the place is richer, the government will even provide loans.
Some subsidies can be given to the people.
Secondly, it is necessary to protect farm cattle, etc., and it is forbidden to slaughter farm cattle, etc. Violators will be convicted and severely punished. Private slaughter is not allowed. If you are sick or disabled and can no longer farm, you must report it to the government, and the government will send someone to inspect and approve it.
Pay money to buy them, then kill them and sell them."
When the government purchases cattle and horses for trade with the Mongols, they must also give priority to agricultural needs, giving first priority to military riding war horses, transportation war horses first, agricultural farming second, industrial and commercial transportation second, and private riding carts last.
It even requires businesses and private individuals to levy livestock transaction taxes and even vehicle and horse taxes when buying and selling cattle, horses, mules and donkeys, and then subsidize farmers to purchase cattle.
Wen Anzhi recorded the emperor's special instructions. In fact, there are some relevant regulations in various places, but they are not comprehensive and systematic enough.
As soon as he arrived on a fast horse, the guards stopped him from a distance. After checking, he was brought to the imperial court.
"Your Majesty, good news for Xuanfu!"
The emperor ordered Shanxi and Zhili to rest and recuperate and stop using troops.
But now the good news comes that Ma Guozhu of Shanxi has won the Xuanfu. Li Jiyu, Xu Dingguo, Ding Qiguang and others are not extremely brave, but under the current situation, the Tatars are already panic-stricken, especially those Han who surrendered to them.
Regardless of whether the generals surrendered after entering the pass or surrendered before entering the pass, whether they entered the flag or failed to enter the flag, seeing that the Ming army had reached the lower capital of Beijing, no one began to think about their retreat.
Ma Guozhu and the others originally planned to rest and rest for the winter.
As a result, on the Xuanfu side, the former Chongzhen Emperor Ding Xibo, the commander-in-chief of Juyongguan, and the Tatar Dingguo Duke Tang Tong, who first surrendered to the docile and then surrendered to the captives, came to Huai. Seeing that the situation was not good, he discussed with his confidants and decided to
Anyway, after raising the flag, after taking Huai Lai, we quickly marched into Juyongguan.
Tang Tong led his troops, still holding the flag of the Qing army, and rushed to Juyongguan. They lied that Xuanhua had been lost and the Ming army had arrived, but they retreated out of defeat.
The guards of Juyong Gate stationed Tong Guoding and several members of the Aixinjueluo clan, Beilebeizi, but there were not many soldiers and horses, especially those clan members who were either too young or too old and had little experience in fighting. At this time, they were stationed at the gate.
Closed, more like a supervisor.
Tong Guoding wanted Tang Tong's troops to be stationed outside the city, so Tang Tong deliberately made noise outside the pass. That night, Zhao Zhaolin, the former governor of Yunyang, and Lei Xing, the former governor of Shaanxi, both worked with Tang Tong.
Those who had encircled and suppressed the Shun Army and the Rebel Army in Guanzhong had also received Tang Tong's secret message early.
In the middle of the night, he also sent his servants to set fire to the pass and cause chaos in Juyong Pass. Lei Xing took the opportunity to lead his servants to open the door and lure Tang Tong into the pass.
Tang Tong's army entered Juyong Pass, joined forces with Lei Xing and other troops, and massacred everywhere in the pass. At this time, most of the people guarding the pass were Yu Ding of the Eight Banners, old and weak. Many Han army flags and Mongolian flags also defected. Tong Guoding and the Baylors fled.
If you don't win, you'll all be dealt a blow.
After taking Juyong Pass, Tang Tong, Lei Xing and others turned around and fought back to Xuanhua. They quickly swept along the Sanggan River and Yanghe River, and sent people to Tiancheng Guard to invite the Ming army.
After receiving the news, the Shanxi Ming army did not believe it at first.
But later when he saw the heads of Tong Guoding and those Baelor heads, especially the seals, he was doubtful, and finally dispatched his troops and rushed away.
The two armies finally converged under Xuanfu City.
The Xuanfu in the Ming Dynasty was renamed Xuanhua by the Tatars. It was the former Wandu headquarters and later the Xuanfu town administration office. It was known as the key to the capital.
The capital of Nanping controlled the desert at the back, with the danger of Juyong on the left and the solidity of Yunzhong (today's Datong) on the right. It was a transportation hub from the mainland to Mongolia and the northwest, and it was also a strategic location to defend against invasion from the north.
During the Ming Dynasty, this place had always been a top priority.
However, because the Tatars had newly moved their capital to Yanbei, and Taiyuan and Datong were lost too quickly, plus the surrender of officials and generals from various places, anyway, the Tatars had no time to stabilize this important place.
Those left behind were only second-line troops, and due to Tang Tong's rebellion, this important line of defense was quickly lost.
During the Ming Dynasty, this place was an important border defense town to guard against the Mongolian Tatars, Wala, and Ulyankha tribes. It was a matter of life and death, and it was the northwest gateway to the capital.
But even the gate of Juyongguan, the first of the three inner gates, was easily captured. Datong had also been captured long ago. Xuanda was caught in the middle, so how could it be spared.
General Lou Guangxian and Daotai Hu Quancai faced the siege of the city by two armies, especially Lei Xing, who was their old boss. After some persuasion, they all raised the white flag and surrendered.
"Lei Xing was originally a scholar in Liaodong. Later, Nurhachi took over Liaodong and set up examinations to obtain scholars. Lei Xing also passed the exam and was awarded the title of deputy director of the Secretariat. Later, he was moved to the director of the Metropolitan Procuratorate. The Eight Banners of the Han Dynasty were established and he was under the Zhenghuang Banner. After entering the customs
, he patrolled Tianjin as the right deputy censor, and then successively served as governor of Shaanxi, governor of Henan and other positions. This person once accompanied Dorgon, Azig, Hauge and others on campaigns and achieved many military exploits."
Zhu Yihai disapproved of this Lei Xing, but he was just another traitor like Zhang Cunren and Hong Chengchou, but now he changed his family in response to the changing circumstances.
In comparison, he is better than Tang Tong. After all, although he was a scholar in Liaodong, he joined the Tatars very early and stayed with them for many years.
As for Tang Tong, he was from Shaanxi and a serious general of the Ming Dynasty. He guarded Yulin in the seventh year of Chongzhen. Later, he served as governor Chen Qiyu to conquer Zhang Xianzhong. Soon he moved to Hanzhong to engage in guerrilla warfare and accumulated military exploits in the bandit suppression campaign in the late Ming Dynasty.
Qualifications: Deputy General of Lixuan Mansion, Commander-in-Chief of Miyun, etc.
In the Songjin War in the 14th year of Chongzhen, Tang Tong was one of the eight generals. 130,000 people rescued Jinzhou, but were defeated in Songshan. After the war, he was demoted, but he still controlled Miyun. In the winter of that year, Huang Taiji crossed the Great Wall to attack Shandong southward.
After defeating eighty-eight cities in a row, Tang Tong only dared to follow behind them, not daring to fight, and even killed good people and took credit for their merits, and poisoned the place.
When the Qing army returned, Tang Tong and Bai Guangen were defeated by the Qing army.
In the last years of Chongzhen, although Tang Tong suffered successive defeats, he still held important positions such as Miyun Commander-in-Chief and Xuanhua Commander-in-Chief. He held military power and played a very important role. Chongzhen had no choice but to personally summon him to appease him and gave him a python suit with a jade belt, placing great hopes on him.
He was even named Earl of Dingxi.
Li Zicheng defeated Datong, and Tang Tong entered King Qin of the capital, and was ordered to guard Juyong Pass. When the invading army arrived at the pass, Tang Tong was worthy of Chongzhen's title reward, and went out to fight. However, the eunuch in charge of the army surrendered behind his back, and Tang Tong also
I had no choice but to surrender.
After Li Zicheng surrendered, Tang Tong was sent to guard Shanhaiguan. His old friend Wu Sangui sent troops to make a surprise attack. Tang Tong was defeated. Only eight of his cavalry were spared. All 8,000 of his men surrendered to Wu Sangui.
Later, Tang Tong led more than 10,000 men to fight against Dorgon on a stone, but was still defeated and returned. He followed Li Zicheng and fled to Fugu. Seeing Li Zicheng's defeat, he attacked Li Guo again, asked the Qing army to surrender, and entered Zhenghuang Banner.
, Jiading Xihou, and awarded the title of Suide Commander-in-Chief.
After Tang Tong surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, he followed Lei Xing and others to attack the Chuang army in Shaanxi and encircled and suppressed the anti-Qing rebel armies in various places.
A little understanding of Tang Tong's experience will tell us that this person is a typical warrior in the late Ming Dynasty. He has no loyalty or integrity at all. They also have no moral integrity. They blindly recruit soldiers and buy horses to seize territory. They deprive soldiers of their pay, kill good people and take credit for their merits.
Who surrenders by force?
Tang Tong gave a memorial to the emperor, claiming that he was loyal to the Ming Dynasty, etc. This is bullshit.
"What's going on now?"
"Xuanfu, Juyongguan, and Zijingguan all go down."
"Ma Guozhu has been stationed in Xuanda, Xu Dingguo is stationed in Juyongguan, Ding Qiguang is stationed in Changping, Li Jiyu is stationed in Xishan, and Tang Tong is stationed in Shunyi."
"Tu Guobao of Zhili also led his army to the north. Tu Guobao's camp was stationed at Lugou Bridge, Yang Guohai was stationed in Tongzhou, and Li Huajing was stationed in Liangxiang."
"The two armies met on the outskirts of Beijing and surrounded the city on all sides."
"Beijing doesn't have many garrison troops at the moment. Maybe Beijing has taken it by now, and good news is on the way."
This progress made Zhu Yihai stunned and speechless for a long time.
This is just like when Li Zicheng went north. In just a few months, he fought from Xi'an to Beijing. He also sent troops from two directions and finally surrounded Beijing. But the Ming court that Li Zicheng faced at that time had many soldiers and horses, and even Zhou Yuji was there.
Ningwuguan’s desperate attack.
In comparison, the Tatars are now far inferior. When they entered the customs, the Tatars only had about 600 cattle. However, in just a few years, the hundreds of thousands of Ming army green battalions and Han army flags they collected in the Central Plains,
They all collapsed one after another and were annihilated or surrendered. The remaining Eight Banners also suffered heavy casualties and continued to lose their numbers.
The success of the Tatars was due to the Han army, and now they are defeated because of the Han army.
In fact, as early as after Zhu Yihai regained Nanjing, that critical point was broken. After that, the battle was no longer a desperate fight for one city and one pool. People's hearts changed.
When Zhu Yihai wiped out the Qing army twice in Jinan and Yanzhou, Shandong last year, and this year he completely annihilated the Qing army in Yingzhou, and then surrounded the Qing army in Nanyang, Hubei, the whole situation changed.
At this time, everyone understood that the Tatars were only slightly better than Li Zicheng and stayed in Beijing for a few more years than Li Zicheng, but they were defeated in the end.
And there is no possibility of winning anymore, no one wants to lose with the Tatars anymore.
It's like a leak in a levee. At first there was just a little leakage, then slowly the pipes surged, and finally the embankment burst and completely collapsed.
On November 17, Ma Guozhu entered Gaobeidian and Xizhimen and bombarded the city with artillery. In the afternoon, he attacked Pingzemen, Zhangyimen and Xizhimen.
At midnight, the Han army of the Eight Banners in the city took the lead in opening the Guangning Gate on the west side of the outer city, and the Ming army entered the Fuxing Gate. The next day, another Han army opened the Zhengyang Gate to welcome Xu Dingguo's troops.
So far, Beijing has been restored.
Although Prince An Yue Le resisted stubbornly, the Ming army arrived too quickly. He was stationed in Tianjin and rushed from Tianjin to help Beijing. He only brought back 5,000 Manchu and Mongolian Eight Banners, but his morale was low.
The Ming army surrounded the city on all sides and bombarded it continuously. The Eight Banners of the Han army in the city and even the Han officials turned their sides and opened their doors to meet the enemy.
At first, the Eight Banners had to defend the city and defend against Han soldiers. After the outer city was defeated, many Mongolians also began to backstab. In the end, many desperate Manchu Eight Banners also began to surrender.
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! The desperate Yue Le retreated to Meishan with only 800 people around him.
Tu Guobao and Ma Guozhu came together to persuade him to surrender, but Yue Le refused.
The Second Governor of Tuma ordered the artillery bombardment and infantry encirclement and suppression.
The eight hundred Jurchens were eventually bombed to pieces along with Yue Le, and Beijing was completely recovered.
After Beijing fell, the remaining cities in the Great Wall were no longer able to resist. When news spread, the few remaining Tatars in Tianjin, Miyun, and Yongping began to abandon the cities and flee in a hurry.
Many of the Eight Banners who moved into the Guan Encirclement and were unable to escape for a while were rounded up and killed by Tu Guobao and other ministries. No one was left without mercy.
Tianjin, Jizhou, Miyun, Yongping, Funing, and Zunhua were recovered one after another.
When Zhu Yihai went down the Yellow River and returned to Fengtian, Tokyo, it was already December, and good news was coming south every day.
By this time, the entire south of the Great Wall had been recovered, including Shanhaiguan.
None of the Tatars dared to defend, so the defeated generals abandoned the pass and headed north, taking the old, weak, women and children with them.
Starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in Yongping Prefecture in the east to Jiayu Pass in the west, all the border walls have been restored.
The only remaining Qing army in the Central Plains was Nikan and others who were blocked in the Blue Martial Arts Road. They were still struggling to hold on, but their demise was imminent.
The world was shaken and the whole country was jubilant.
Many officials and gentry even wrote letters requesting the emperor to move to Beijing, restore the old capital, and celebrate the New Year in Beijing this year.
The Tatars were driven out of the Central Plains and after Beijing fell, Jierhalang did not lead his troops across the Great Wall to capture Beijing. Instead, he supported Emperor Shunzhi and fled 500 miles north overnight to Chifeng.
Tokyo and other cities inside and outside celebrate the New Year in advance, and everyone is smiling.
Beijing was recaptured and the Tatars fled, just like when Taizu sent Xu Da on the Northern Expedition to recapture most of the capital, and the Mongolian Tatars fled to Mobei.