"The 28th Imperial Camp is stationed in Shanxi, and Yang Zhan is the admiral."
"The 23rd Town Jingying camp originally stationed in Shaoxing was moved to Xuanhua."
"Zhang Mingbin's 16th town moved to Beijing, and Qin Yiming's 17th town moved to Shanhaiguan."
At a meeting of the Prime Minister's Office.
The emperor and ministers began to discuss moving the capital to Beijing. They first went to Beijing and Tianjin to mobilize soldiers and horses from the four towns to take over the defense of Beijing and Tianjin.
Wang Zhiren, the second assistant, and Du Yinxi, Qu Shichun and Zhang Mingzhen, the co-organizers, went to Beijing to take the lead and be responsible for the preparations for moving the capital.
Zhu Yihai is expected to move to Beijing in September, and then take a boat directly from Dengzhou Port to Tianjin to land. Four cabinet ministers will take the lead, with both civil and military skills. In addition, people from the four towns will move north, and the navy will also be in Tianjin.
Qinhuangdao and others entered the camp and set up camp.
"How should we relocate the people from the ten towns in Shanxi and Hebei?" Wen Anzhi asked for instructions.
There are now ten towns of soldiers and horses in the two places, six of which came from Shandong and Henan, and there were also reorganized by the rebels from Hebei and Shanxi, as well as the newly surrendered Qing army. They have been reorganized again and again in the past two years, and many generals have been transferred from the imperial camp, but overall
, the troops and horses in these ten towns are still very mixed and chaotic.
It is impossible for Shanxi and Hebei to need so many miscellaneous troops.
The imperial court had granted so many titles before, but it was only a temporary expedient, and they didn't even pay much. Anyway, they had to feed themselves locally. But now that the imperial court has regained two places, it is no longer possible for the military chiefs to divide the land for food and wages.
"Does Wen Xiang have a plan?"
Wen Anzhi said that the cabinet had a preliminary plan, "First of all, some soldiers who are over 35 years old and under 20 years old will be demobilized and returned to the countryside. They will be given severance pay, let them return to their hometowns for resettlement, and be provided with compensation in their hometowns."
If you are willing to settle in a land with a large land and a sparsely populated land, you can be given more land and settlement fees, etc."
"For the remaining people who meet the age limit, if they voluntarily retire, we will also be encouraged and given severance pay and resettlement allowance to be resettled in local places."
The cabinet plan is that of the current ten towns, two towns will be retained as provincial-run towns, and the second and third towns will be retained as Weilian Tun Town, and eventually half of them will be cut.
The remaining half, after it was transferred to the provincial camp and regiment training in towns, actually not much can be left. The regiment training in villages and towns is of a militia nature, does not require much military pay, and there are not many officers.
The officers were retained, about half of the soldiers were eliminated, and the rest were converted into second-line troops.
This plan was quite satisfactory, and the imperial court had mostly dealt with local troops this way in other places before.
"I have been thinking about something recently. National affairs are related to sacrifice and military affairs. Soldiers are important national affairs. The army is like the sword of the country. It must be sharp, but you must be careful. It is a double-edged sword. If it is not handled well, it will cause harm.
Hands. So the court must not only have a sharp sword, but also be careful not to hurt the hands."
Zhu Yihai proposed that the troops be divided into three categories.
The first category is the elite field corps, which is divided into the imperial camp and the Beijing camp. They are stationed in key areas of the capital and border areas. They implement a recruitment system and select soldiers between the ages of 18 and 35.
Recruitment and salary are sufficient, and training is sufficient.
Establish a professional army capable of fighting. After soldiers are recruited into the army, if they cannot be promoted to non-commissioned officers within five years, they must retire. Non-commissioned officers are corporals, sergeants, sergeants and sergeants of the first, second and third levels, a total of two levels and six levels.
Each level has a service period. If you cannot be promoted at the end of the period, you will be discharged and leave the camp. The first-level and third-level non-commissioned officers each have a three-year term. That is, if a soldier joins the army at the age of 18, he will be a soldier for a maximum of five years and nine years for a first-level non-commissioned officer.
After being promoted to the second level, he will have to serve as a soldier for at most fourteen years before being discharged.
If you can be promoted to the second level and become a sergeant major, the second-level third-level sergeant major can serve for another five years. Second-level sergeants at all levels generally serve as sergeants (instructors) in various levels of troops, assisting in training soldiers, etc.
Normally, a first-level non-commissioned officer can be directly promoted to an officer. However, if the individual soldier has excellent qualities or skills but lacks command ability, he cannot be promoted to an officer. He can only be promoted to a second-level non-commissioned officer. As a soldier king, he will lead the troops in training. Or some
For technical soldiers, you can also advance to the second-level non-commissioned officer after becoming a first-level non-commissioned officer and become a professional technical soldier.
The establishment of such a system is to take into account the same shortcomings in the professional military system. For example, some soldiers may have served for a long time, but they have no commanding ability. If they cannot move up and remain a soldier, they will undoubtedly become a soldier who is an oily soldier.
son.
Therefore, it is very important to keep the troops refreshed. Excellent soldiers can be promoted to command officers, technical non-commissioned officers, or instructor-type non-commissioned officers. Those who cannot meet the requirements will be eliminated from the army step by step.
The number of first- and second-level non-commissioned officers can be kept more. These are also the backbone of the army. Once the war requires it, these backbones of non-commissioned officers can be used to quickly expand the army.
In this way, the number of imperial camps and Beijing camps can be reduced to more than 30 towns on land and water, with a scale of 300,000 to 400,000. And those veterans can also serve as reserve forces after retirement. Once needed, these veterans who have received professional training can
Soldiers can also be called up to join the army and quickly form combat effectiveness.
For the imperial court, maintaining too many troops was undoubtedly too costly and unfavorable for management.
The 800,000 forbidden troops like the Song Dynasty would definitely be too much for the Ming Dynasty, so it would be better to reduce them, less but more refined, which would not only reduce military expenditures, but also appropriately improve the military pay and benefits of some soldiers, improve the welfare of soldiers, and increase combat effectiveness.
"If the Imperial Guards set up service and promotion years at different levels in this way, then will these well-trained soldiers retire, and the training cost will be wasted?"
A soldier who cannot be promoted to a non-commissioned officer can only serve as a soldier for five years. It would be a pity to retire after serving for five years. Wang Zhiren and Zhang Mingyang are both generals, and they know very well how much it costs to train a soldier.
Every time a soldier is recruited, he will need resettlement allowance, pay, and retirement pay when he is dismissed.
"You can't recruit soldiers for a lifetime," Zhu Yihai still insisted on his own idea. The imperial armies of the Tang and Song Dynasties all recruited soldiers, but they also had a problem. They became larger and larger but became less and less able to fight.
The imperial camp must be able to fight. If it is to be able to fight, it cannot be too many. It must have a steel tip.
The original provincial battalions were changed to patrol and garrison battalions. The patrol garrison battalions in each province were commanded by the governor and governor, with a headquarter, a chief soldier, and deputy generals. Each provincial patrol garrison camp was equipped with assistants, generals, and guerrillas.
Each xie town has about ten battalions under its jurisdiction, and the number of people in each battalion is smaller than the number of imperial battalions.
Its establishment consists of cavalry and infantry, along the coast, along the river, and along the Great Lakes, as well as water camps. Each infantry camp is equipped with a total of 300 soldiers, soldiers, and soldiers. It has three sentries on the left, middle and right, each with eight sheds.
There are nine regular soldiers in each shed. When the cavalry battalion is full, the total number of officers and soldiers is 19, and there are also three sentries on the left and right. Each sentry has only four sheds, and there are still nine regular soldiers in each shed.
The responsibilities of the patrol garrison battalion are also reflected in the name, patrol and guard. Their main responsibilities are to guard the local area, clean up the countryside and suppress bandits, carry out armed patrols in key areas, special periods, and rescue and rescue tasks.
Each provincial patrol garrison camp, or Sanwuxie Town, has about 10,000 troops. However, the soldiers in the provincial patrol garrison camp adopt a compulsory military system. Young people over the age of 18 in the province are obliged to join the army. After being selected, they must be compulsory.
Serving for three years, there are subsidies during the service, but the salary is lower than that of Yuying Jingying.
It is tentatively proposed that the pay be divided into three grades: horse soldiers, the monthly pay of two yuan of silver for literacy soldiers, monthly pay of one and a half silver for fighting soldiers, one yuan of silver for guard soldiers, and three dou of rice per month. The pay will be paid monthly, and the rice will be paid according to summer and winter liang.
Quarterly release.
The salary of officers is also lower than that of those in the imperial camp.
However, although it is said to be low, even conscripts are actually paid, and the garrison camp also has non-commissioned officers. To ensure their combat effectiveness, conscripts can participate in selection and retention after serving for two years. If they perform well and have excellent qualities, they can be promoted to
Junior non-commissioned officers, or technical soldiers from specialized arms, such as horse battalion and water battalion, can also be transferred to non-commissioned officers.
Excellent non-commissioned officers can also be promoted to officers.
All conscripts who have not been promoted to sergeant after serving for three years are retired.
The salary of non-commissioned officers and officers in the garrison battalion is lower than that in the imperial camp, but if they perform well, they can be selected into the imperial camp. However, if the non-commissioned officers and officers in the garrison battalion are transferred to the imperial camp, they generally have to be demoted.
Each has different tasks, different selection criteria, and different remuneration.
Provincial garrison camps were set up in one town in each province and one auxiliary town in each province, which was quite a lot. If they were set up in all eighteen provinces in Han Dynasty, there would be at least 300,000 people, which is almost the same as the number of imperial camps.
Therefore, treating them as the second echelon of armed forces can not only fill the shortage in the number of imperial camps, but also reduce military expenditures. They can also play a role in defending the outside world and avoiding threats to the inner circle.
The royal camp cavalrymen are paid four yuan and two a month, but in fact they are paid nine yuan and deposit three, and then make up three, which means that the salary is actually fifteen months a year, so it is more than twice that of the garrison camp, which is equivalent to thirty yuan for the garrison.
One and a half month's salary.
As a local guard force, the garrison battalion may even have inferior equipment, with fewer cavalry and artillery, and the water battalion's warships do not need to be that good.
The infantry mainly uses muskets, and the armor can even be mainly light armor.
In this way, even if the garrison battalion has 300,000 people, its military expenditures on military pay, equipment, training, etc. may be less than one-third or even only one-fourth of the imperial camp, but it can make up for the shortage in the number of imperial camps.
The imperial camp is under the command of the Fifth Army Commander's Office, while the provincial garrison camp is under the Ministry of War. Each provincial imperial camp is under the command of the imperial camp admiral, and the provincial camp also has admirals, but they are controlled by the governor and the governor. The two systems are not subordinate to each other. Food, salary,
Logistics was controlled by the imperial court.
In Zhu Yihai's plan, each province would station an imperial camp in one town and set up a garrison camp in one town. After the two towns complement each other, local groups would be organized to train Baojia as militia reserves, which was basically complete.
In some remote and dangerous mountainous areas, some villages and towns with the nature of construction and reclamation were established, and the military system of the post-Ming Dynasty was basically established.
Tun Town was set up in a dangerous location. Tun Town was a military reclamation and construction corps. Only officers and some non-commissioned officers were formally established and paid. The rest were peasant soldiers. They usually cultivated wasteland, trained in their spare time, and then took turns to be on guard patrol. The imperial court
Just set aside land for them to reclaim wasteland, provide them with equipment, train them, or give them some subsidies when they are on duty.
Even these subsidies come from the income from the crops in the villages and towns, which is equivalent to the improvement of the original health station, but it is not entirely the original health station. The selection, land granting, and official assignment are all completely different.
An imperial camp of 400,000, a provincial camp of 300,000, and then about 300,000 for the towns, plus dozens of towns for regiment training reserves, are basically enough.
Now the people from these ten towns in Hebei and Shanxi provinces can be reorganized into two provincial garrison camps, and then several towns can be reorganized into towns in Taihang and Yanshan.
Zhu Yihai suggested that the remaining soldiers should be placed outside Xuanfu, that is, in the Zhangbeiba area outside Zhangjiakou, Gubeikou, Chengde area outside Xifengkou, and between Nuruerhu Mountain and Songling in western Liaoning.
In the Daling River, Qinglong River and other river valleys, villages and villages were established there to reclaim wasteland and cultivate land.
Zhu Yihai did not intend to completely give up these areas outside the Great Wall to the nomads, such as the upper reaches of the Laoha River between Chengde and Chifeng, where the Daning Guards in the early Ming Dynasty were located.
Daningwei was established in the early Ming Dynasty. This is a strategically important area. On the left is Qilaotu Mountain, on the right is Nuruerhu Mountain. The Laoha River runs through it in the north. The land is fertile and the water and grass are abundant. It has been an excellent pasture since ancient times.
.Especially, it connects to the Horqin Prairie in the north, Chaoyang in the east, Xifengkou in the south, and Gubeikou in the southwest. It covers thousands of miles, has many mountains and deep valleys, and the obstacles are enough to stabilize it.
If we want to make Beijing the capital, this place must not be given up.
Zhu Di succeeded in the Jingnan campaign and got the support of King Ning and the three guards of Duoyan. However, after he succeeded, he was worried about the threat of King Ning and others, so he moved the guards inland. Although he moved the capital to Beijing and made several northern expeditions, he moved inland to Daning.
Wei still left huge hidden dangers, which laid the foundation for Beijing to be invaded several times by the enemy.
He has long planned that in the future he will definitely take back the area outside the Great Wall and directly control it, from Nuruerhu Mountain to the sea to the south, and to the west to Liaohe River. In the future, Liaoxi Province will be established, from Nuruerhu Mountain to the west to Bashang, and to the south
Arrive at Yanshan Mountain, reach Xilun Mulun River in the north, and establish Rehe Province.
The four counties of Zhangbei, Shangyi, Kangbao and Guyuan outside the Great Wall of Xuanzhen, Fengzhen, Jining and Liangcheng outside the Great Wall of Datong, plus Xuanhua Prefecture, were also established as a province, which was called Xuanhua Province.
The three provinces of Rehe, Liaoxi, and Xuanhua are located outside the Great Wall, on three sides of Beijing, so that they can attack instead of defend, instead of just retreating to the Great Wall.
Beijing will have a larger strategic buffer and be more secure and reliable.
"We can move Datong Prefecture, which is under the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Control, to Xuanhua Province." Wang Zhiren suggested.
There are two Great Walls in Shanxi, one is the Inner Great Wall, which is the Yanmenguan Great Wall, and the other is the Outer Great Wall north of Datong. The three passes from the Inner Great Wall into Hebei are Zijingguan, Daomaguan, and Juyongguan, while the inner Great Wall in Shanxi
The three passes of the Great Wall, Yanmen Pass, Ningwuguan, and Piantou Pass are also called the Outer Three Passes. In fact, they are still the Inner Great Wall Passes.
Shahukou, Huyukou, and Baiyangkou are the gateways to the Great Wall outside Datong.
The two towns outside the Great Wall of Datong in Xuanfu were originally one of the Nine Borders of the Ming Dynasty. However, these nine defense lines have long since disappeared. Now Zhu Yihai is not satisfied with restoring the original nine-sided defense plan.
He planned to set up three provinces directly outside the Great Wall, settle the land for cultivation, farm and herd, enrich the area outside the customs, and create a better shield for the vassal. Facing the nomads, we could not just defend, but also have to be proactive.
There are three provinces outside the Great Wall and the Great Wall inside.
Then, for the various Mongolian tribes, boundaries were drawn, alliances were formed to manage them, governors and governors' offices were established, divide and rule, rule by tycoons, marriages, and trade were implemented in a multi-pronged manner.
"Datong will not be included in Xuanhua for the time being." Zhu Yihai did not put Datong and Xuanhua, the two important places between the inner and outer Great Walls, into one basket. It is best to separate these strategically important places. Just like Hanzhong was originally divided into
The Shu region is a continent, but for military security reasons, it was specifically assigned to Guanzhong and Shaanxi provinces.
Sichuan is a land of abundance, with a favorable geographical position. If Hanzhong is given to Sichuan, and there is a slight turmoil in the world, Sichuan will be easily able to separate itself and stand on its own. Without Hanzhong, it would be much better.
Zhu Yihai's plan was to establish a new province between Hetao and Datong after regaining the Hetao in the future, reaching Daqingshan Yinshan Langshan in the north and Yanmen Tuanma Sanguan in the south.
Wen Anzhi believed that the area outside the Great Wall was vast and sparsely populated, so it was possible to set up administrative divisions instead of provinces.
The Xingdu Division belongs to the border area. There were many Xingdu Divisions in the Ming Dynasty, such as the Yunyang Xingdu Division. Shanxi, Shaanxi, Huguang, Fujian, and Sichuan all had Xingdu Divisions, and even Peking had one.
But now that Zhu Yihai has withdrawn all the provincial commanders and envoys, where will the Xingdusi come from? Of course, he can also change his name. Wen Anzhi means that although the land is vast, the population, taxes, etc. cannot support the administrative division of a province.
, it is better to still establish a military border zone. It doesn’t matter what it is called.
However, Zhu Yihai felt that he could directly establish provinces to show the court's determination. As for the small number of people, he could lower the official grades of these four provinces or reduce the number of officials.
Counties are divided into upper, middle and lower levels, and prefectures are also divided into different levels. This province can certainly do the same.
Zhu Yihai now canceled the North and South Zhili, and changed the South Zhili to Jiangdong and Jiangbei provinces, while the North Zhili was now renamed Hebei, Beijing, Nanjing and Tokyo are now all Zhili prefectures, directly under the central jurisdiction of the imperial court, Nanjing Yingtian,
Shuntian, Beijing, Fengtian, Tokyo.
To build a nest to attract phoenixes, plan first and then develop unswervingly. In the future, the four provinces outside the Great Wall will not only be used by immigrants to reclaim wasteland, but also be used for grazing. They can be used as military horse farms and pastures for the royal family and the court, and they can also develop minerals.
You can also engage in border market trade, and the potential for development is still huge.
In fact, just like the previous Ming Dynasty's policy towards Yunyang and other places, the land was initially empty and refugees were not allowed to enter. Later in history, the Manchu and Qing Dynasties closed off the pass areas outside the customs, from Hetao to Liaodong, and prohibited Han people from leaving.
close.
Later, in order to maintain the rule outside the Guan, they were forced to open up the confinement, so there was a big wave of immigration such as going to the east of the Guan, taking the west entrance, traveling on ancient roads, going to Nanyang, and going to Jinshan.
Outer Mongolia, especially the Hetao area, is actually suitable for farming, and the Han people do not necessarily have to farm, they can also breed and herd.
It was only in the past that the rulers of the Central Plains had poor control over the areas outside the Pass. Considering the cost of governance, they would abandon the area outside the Pass and defend the Great Wall.
So the Ming Dynasty was like this, and the Qing Dynasty was like this later. They clung to the pass and took their time inside the pass. They didn't care about the outside. That's why Tsarist Russia was able to travel thousands of miles from Europe to the east, conquer the vast Siberia, and finally occupied Vladivostok.
If the Central Plains could change this mentality of guarding the Great Wall and be more pioneering and enterprising, with the perseverance and determination of the ancient Eastern Chinese nation, Siberia might not necessarily be occupied by Tsarist Russia.
Zhu Yihai does not intend to rest on his laurels anymore.
We must not only take the west entrance, but also break through the eastern part of Guandong. In the future, we will also go to Nanyang and connect to the Western Regions.
"Since His Majesty plans to establish four provinces outside the Great Wall in the future, it would be better to just put the troops and horses of the ten towns in Shanxi and Hebei provinces in place this time, cut half of them first, and then reorganize the rest with the imperial camp, so that we can
Establish six provincial imperial camps and six provincial garrison camps, and those who have been abolished can also be relocated to the four provinces outside the Great Wall for settlement and development of immigrants." Wen Anzhi suggested.
Instead of directly reducing and reorganizing the ten towns in the two provinces, it is better to reorganize with Yuying and other provincial towns, Yiyong, etc. This way, those mountains can be broken down into smaller pieces, and there will be fewer hidden dangers in the future.
This kind of reorganization can make the imperial camp the backbone. The imperial camp has also been expanded, and the provincial garrison can also ensure control. It will save money for the second time in the future.
"That's fine!" Zhu Yihai nodded. "First come up with a plan to reorganize the imperial camps, provincial camps, and garrison camps in Shanxi and Hebei provinces, and then reorganize the imperial camps in the four provinces outside the Great Wall. Do it step by step. No need.
