"Land needs to be further clarified in the code. In particular, tenancy must be based on equal relations and free will. The tenancy contract must be concluded on the basis of the consent of both parties. There is no super-economic coercion such as affiliation or dependence between the two parties.
The crime is that there must be no personal dependence, and the subordinate tenant-tenancy relationship under the partial manor economy is."
Zhu Yihai looked at the draft of the new civil code presented by the prince and Wen Anzhi. When he saw the land chapter, he pointed out the shortcomings of the legislation.
Land is the lifeblood of farmers.
However, land can never be owned by everyone. The vast majority of land will only be in the hands of a very small number of people. The law of production will make most farmers can only become tenants, and their lifeblood will therefore be controlled by landlords.
In the Tang Dynasty, tenants were even dependent on the powerful landlords and did not even have household registration. Later, they were gradually relaxed and became customers of the state, but they were still heavily dependent on the landlords and did not have complete personal freedom.
Even now in 1649, tenants are still subject to the influence of landlords. This is just like if you are more than three hundred years later, people who work for others will still be subject to some control by the bosses, because they have control over them.
means of production.
"Didn't Jiangnan already have the separation of two rights of farm bones and farm skins? The separation of ownership and tenancy rights is worthy of encouragement and support. Contracts are very important.
The imperial court wanted to ensure that people had the freedom to rent and withdraw from rent. It also had to make it clear in the code that the relationship between the landlord and the tenant was only a land lease. Both parties signed a contract to rent the land.
Within the legal framework, you can freely agree on the tenancy and then complete the contract, and there must be no other mandatory binding relationships.
Farming is just farming. You cannot do other additional work for the landlord, nor can you pay other output in addition to renting the land.
Tenants were free to rent and withdraw from the rent, and the rent must be within the protection limits of the court.
It is best for the lease to start from three to five years.”
Zhu Yihai attaches great importance to the situation of tenant farmers and rented land, because this is the most important underlying foundation of this era.
The court must also recognize the subletting of tenancy rights, as long as the tenancy does not exceed the red line, and the subletting must be witnessed by the landlord, and the landlord cannot obstruct it or charge additional fees, etc.
In addition to this law, Zhu Yihai emphasized that legislation still needs to be introduced to intervene in the issue of land annexation. A red line for land ownership must be established. According to different official ranks and nobility, different land quotas must not be exceeded.
This landholding quota can also be subdivided into quotas in different provinces, prefectures, counties, and townships, so that mergers can be strictly controlled.
The imperial court allowed appropriate annexations, but they must be within the land quota.
If an ordinary person without any rank or rank can own up to a hundred acres of land, even if he is rich, he cannot purchase more than the land.
If you have an imperial examination title such as a scholar, or if you are promoted to a non-commissioned officer after joining the army, you can increase your field quota. If you are awarded an official, a knighthood, or a knighthood, your field quota can also be increased accordingly. However, these basic fields will add additional fields.
Well, it should be restricted from purchasing in the original hometown, but must be purchased in other places, or even limited to purchasing only a hundred acres in a township, etc.
This will avoid the emergence of large and powerful landowners in one place, prevent some large landowners from monopolizing most of the land in a township, and prevent them from gaining some undue voice and control through these lands in the township.
tenant.
The imperial court demarcated the amount of land ownership, limited the maximum lease rate, prohibited tenants from having personal attachments, coercion, etc., all for the sake of long-term stability.
If there is a relative who has great merit and wealth and legally obtains 10,000 acres of land, then he cannot buy all 10,000 acres of land in one place, not even if he has money. His land has to be scattered in, say, one place.
Hundreds of counties, although this will increase management costs, etc., it is beneficial to the court and has long-term benefits, so it is worth doing.
Of course, the specific standards can be considered in detail. For example, in the Jiangnan area, each person in one county is limited to 100 acres, while in southwestern provinces, the standard can be raised to 200 acres, or in Liaodong, outside the customs, the limit can be 300 acres, etc.
Set standards based on actual conditions.
But the underlying logic is like this, and the court must have such a core spirit.
Land must be supervised and mergers must be appropriately restrained.
It also needs to be flexible, not just one size fits all.
Appropriate mergers are allowed within the prescribed scope, but land sales must be subject to supervision, deed taxes must be paid, land leases must also be registered and filed with the government, etc.
In any case, even if the Ming Dynasty is revived, it will still be a dynasty based on farming and agriculture. Therefore, land is the most important and precious means of production. Many production relations come from this. This is the most critical thing.
One ring.
Neither should we completely suppress mergers, nor can we completely divide and grant land, because neither is sustainable and will make long-term and healthy development difficult.
The Central Plains dynasty could hardly last more than three hundred years, and an inevitable situation before its demise would be serious land annexation, which would cause serious problems for farmers' survival.
This problem cannot be solved by simply developing industry and commerce, because social productivity has not yet reached the level of future generations.
This is just like in later generations, although industry and commerce are booming, the country must also legislate to protect the basic rights and interests of workers. Labor laws, etc., ensure that you can get wages for work, and even set minimum wage standards, guarantee overtime rights, and guarantee vacations.
Rights and interests include guaranteed payment of social security and medical insurance, guaranteed compensation for work-related injuries, guaranteed compensation for dismissal, etc.
Nowadays, agriculture is the mainstay, and the vast majority of people will be tenants, so the state must provide basic protection for tenants.
"Everything that should be written must be written directly, and it must be listed in black and white in the code. In the future, it will be cast in iron, bronze, and carved in stone. The corresponding punishment for violating the law must also be noted. It must be clear and the offenders must be made to pay.
A sufficient price can be paid to ensure the majesty of the law and achieve the original intention of legislating to protect the people."
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! If the two problems of farmers and land can be solved, even if it is just a little better than before, then the Ming Dynasty after the resurgence can guarantee the world for at least two to three hundred years.
.
"Your Majesty is wise and kind, and is a blessing to the people." Wen Anzhi sighed.
"What has to be done must be done. I know that high-ranking officials and ministers are also landlords, and they must be willing to resist these things, but this is also for the sake of long-term peace and stability. To use a new word, this is also called sustainable development. It is like raising a cow and wanting to keep milking it.
For milk, in addition to ensuring that the cows get pregnant in time, they also need to be fed with fodder to keep up. Otherwise, if the cows don’t have enough to eat, how can they produce milk?”
"Never look down on the people at the bottom. Although they have low demands and very strong endurance, they can still endure as long as they can survive, but they must be relaxed and relaxed, otherwise they will be like a bowstring, although it is elastic and strong.
Good, but if it is kept tight, it will break easily."
"The prosperity of this dynasty is not about how gorgeous the palace is, or even how vast the territory is, but whether the people at the bottom can have enough to eat, and how many people can have enough to eat. Only when the people are rich can the country be strong."
"The Tatars fled out of the country, and many people became a little proud, and even forgot the embarrassment of losing half of the country, and even why it happened.
Some people can't wait to sing and dance to achieve peace, and want to enjoy the power and prosperity. If we can't learn a lesson, then this ZTE won't last long.
Some people are anxious to return to Beijing, but I am not in a hurry.
Some people are calling for troops to leave the fortress immediately, but I am not in a hurry.
Let’s deal with the things under our noses first, rewrite the code of law, change the official system, rectify the administration, reorganize the army, clear the fields, register household registration,
After the war, everything was ruined and many people still had nothing.
How many people still haven’t had enough to eat?
The Tatars want to fight, they want to fight as far as Shenyang, they want to fight as far as Jianzhou.
It is also necessary to open up territory and expand territory. We must conquer Monan outside the Great Wall, and even send troops to Mobei. In the future, we must return to the Western Regions, even cross the Congling Mountains, restore the Persian Protectorate, take back Annan, and even establish an old port to declare
Wei Si and so on, but these have to be done, but the things under the nose must be done even more.
Tall buildings are rising from the ground, and what we are doing now is the foundation we are laying.
If the foundation is not solid, a tall building will be nothing more than a castle in the air.
I said these words today especially to the prince and to you, the chief minister. One of you is the head of my officials and the prime minister of the cabinet, and the other is the crown prince of the country and the future emperor. You must understand this."
"Tell those high-ranking officials that if the gentry is strong and the world is restored, don't rush to buy land everywhere. Those with money can open mines, build workshops, run trades, do practical things, and there are many channels for making money. Don't compete with the common people.
Ordinary people have no capital in that one-third of an acre of land, so this one-third of an acre of land is their last guarantee for survival."
"I will ask the Admonition Yuan, the Procuratorate, Jinyiwei, Dongchang, etc. to conduct comprehensive inspections and covert inspections of the field conditions in various places. We will severely crack down on land encroachment, excessive land occupation, etc. If we can take the initiative to report the clearance, we will give you a chance to avoid it.
However, if the person has not taken the initiative to report and register after one hundred days, and it is verified later, the crime will be increased by one level."
Eighteen provinces in Han Dynasty were recovered.
But it is also time for a comprehensive rectification, and a rectification movement is necessary.
"Before moving the capital, Tokyo should also come to Beijing for an inspection. Mr. Wen, you will lead the cabinet and conduct a comprehensive inspection to find out whether there are greed, cruelty, inaction, carelessness, old age, illness, impetuousness, and weak talent.
Punishments such as questioning, dismissal or demotion will be given respectively, and the elderly and sick will be retired.
I would like to make a request here first. This year's Beijing Inspectorate will also implement the last elimination. One out of ten officials must be eliminated. I know that there are too many unqualified officials, far more than one out of ten.
Therefore, we must eliminate the bottom 10%, directly remove them from their posts, remove them from office, and return to their hometowns.
Those who are old or sick should retire when they should, those who are incompetent and careless should be dismissed from their posts, and those who are greedy and cruel should be held accountable.
Those who fail to meet the standards will also be punished if they are downgraded.
It is also necessary to strengthen the further training and on-the-job training of officials. To fight, we must have a well-trained team that dares to fight and can fight. To govern a country, we must have a team of officials who have faith, morale and ethics.
Wen Anzhi was greatly moved when he heard the emperor's heartfelt words. He was grateful for the emperor's trustworthiness and praised the emperor's sobriety. It took several years to restore the Ming Dynasty, but he could still be so sober. He really deserves to be a famous master of ZTE.
In order to regain the world, we had to live in peace and harmony. It didn’t matter whether you were a corrupt official or a corrupt official, whether you were a bandit or a bandit. As long as you stood up and fought against the Tartars, you were all your brothers.
Even the Catholic Jesuits or the Franco mercenaries are all our own people.
But things are different now. This method can conquer the world, but it cannot dominate the world.
This step must be done sooner or later, if you don't do it, it won't work.
Of course, Wen Anzhi was not worried. Although doing so seemed a bit officious, the emperor had already said that he would not care about the past, but only from now on.
Moreover, the emperor always draws red lines first and sets rules first.
The emperor was not Li Zicheng. He would not start torturing and looting the city as soon as he entered Beijing. The most the emperor could do was clear the fields, implement land reform, and then refresh the official system.
In the past, there was all mud and sand, no distinction between clear and turbid, but now we have to wash out the sand in big waves, and even wash it out repeatedly, and the sand will always sink to the bottom.
After Wen Anzhi and the prince left, Zhu Yihai sat alone in the imperial study. He picked up another volume of Zizhi Tongjian and read through it. In fact, he didn't need to be so anxious and could take a little more time.
But he couldn't wait. He always felt that he didn't have much time, but there were still too many things to do.
There is a box on his desk, which contains many memorials that he has read and sealed.
Some Japanese shogunates believed that too much gold, silver, and copper were flowing out of trade with the Ming Dynasty, and they had begun to limit the amount of gold, silver, and copper exports, and even restricted the number of Ming ships arriving in Japan. The Matsuura family of the Hirado domain, and the Shimazu family of the Satsuma domain actually began to return to their old businesses.
, secretly became pirates and plundered at sea. The reason was that the Tokugawa shogunate blocked the trade of Hirado Port and instead sent all open ships to Nagasaki Port. The shogunate also asked the Satsuma family to withdraw from Ryugu. The shogunate wanted to stop it.
New policies such as the development of trade between the daimyo and the Ming Dynasty to increase their power, and even the ban on the amount of silver and copper mined by each feudal clan, aroused their dissatisfaction. The Matsuura and Shimazu families, who had always been domineering and did not deal with the Tokugawa family, took the lead in starting to cause trouble.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! Since the Netherlands withdrew from Taiwan, they have almost lost their trade with Japan. They used to purchase Ming goods from Ming Dynasty and then sell them to Japan.
They made a lot of money, and now the Ming Dynasty directly sells it to the Japanese. Although the Netherlands can also directly trade with the Ming Dynasty ports, they cannot develop the Ming Dynasty maritime trade.
The Dutch in Batavia, the Spanish in Manila, the Portuguese in Macau, the British in India, etc. These Western colonists now have a huge increase in trade with the Ming Dynasty, but they discovered a surprising
The fact is, it is completely a trade deficit.
Not only did a large amount of silver flow out into the Ming Dynasty, but it was no longer possible to make money by arbitraging gold in the past. Not only could it not be arbitraged with gold, but the ratio of gold and silver in the Ming Dynasty was now 1:16, which in turn began to attract gold outflows into the Ming Dynasty. Manila
With Batavia and India, a large amount of their cotton, hemp, cane sugar and other agricultural raw materials or primary processing products were sucked into the Ming Dynasty, and then changed hands and processed into various products, and then transported back to them on Ming ships for sale.
Not to mention tea, silk, tobacco, wine, porcelain and other hot-selling Chinese products, they have no pricing power at all. Even good things like raw silk are now difficult for them to buy. They can only buy deeply processed silk products. Think of it like before
It is already difficult to buy raw silk and transport it back to domestic silk processing factories for processing. This is a serious blow to them.
The Ming Dynasty had many open ports, but their maritime trade with China was not profitable. It was all a deficit. Even if they sent all the initially processed agricultural products and raw materials to the Ming Dynasty, they would not be able to get much back. A large amount of gold and silver was flowing out, which made those who
The colonial governors of Nanyang were very panicked. Especially after the Ming Dynasty lifted the maritime ban, a large number of Chinese began to go to Nanyang. They not only sold goods, but also went there to buy land, buy slaves and build manors. The number of Chinese increased greatly, which made them very worried.
disturbed.
Now many Southeast Asian colonists have begun to conspire together to reverse this unfavorable situation. Some people even proposed to go to war with the Ming Dynasty, and even proposed to intercept the sea routes, and even proposed to attack Manila, Malacca, and Batavia.
The Chinese in other places started massacres to eliminate serious troubles.
Maritime trade now brings huge benefits to the Ming Dynasty, and there is also silver and copper in short supply. If the sea is blocked, the losses will be huge. This matter is already very serious.
Previously, the Ming Dynasty also stabbed the Spanish, Dutch, Portuguese and others. After the stabbing, it also fully liberalized trade and painted a bright future for them. Only then did they appease those ghosts. But now they find that they were fooled. The Ming Dynasty opened up sea trade.
, they did not take advantage of the advantages, but actually made things worse than before by secretly trading.
There are many such things. For example, the Jesuits are still evil and secretly preaching along the coast.
The Toungoo Dynasty of southwest Myanmar regained all the lost territory in Lower Myanmar, especially after recapturing Shalian which had been occupied by the Portuguese, and then moved the capital to Ava, once again reunified Myanmar, and strengthened its control over the chieftains in northern Myanmar. Although
At this time, Myanmar began to weaken again, but almost all the chieftains on the Ming-Myanmar border still surrendered to Myanmar, and the Yunnan border was uneasy.
From Jiajing to Longqing and the three Wanli dynasties, Burma had attacked and invaded the Ming border. Although they later counterattacked and repelled the Burmese army, in the 30th year of Wanli, the Ming Dynasty reached an agreement with the Toungu Dynasty, but agreed to Toungu's possession of Mengyang.
Mubang, Xingwei and other places were extremely vast and accounted for 40% of what was later Myanmar.
These places abandoned by northern Myanmar are the places where the Ming Dynasty once ruled under the Three Proclaims and Six Comforts. Myanmar's renewed weakness has only exacerbated the chaos on the Ming-Myanmar border, which also poses a serious threat to today's Yunnan.
The two major separatist forces in the north and south of Annan, Nguyen Lord and Zheng Lord, were also fighting. The North-South War in Annan caused many Annan people to flee to the sea and became pirates. They began to attack and plunder Chinese merchant ships along the coast.
For Zhu Yihai, the Manchu Tatars had not yet been wiped out, the western and northern Mongolia were temporarily pacified, and the Ming army had not yet left the border. As a result, the situation in Southeast Asia and the Indochina Peninsula began to deteriorate.
Especially in Nanyang, Japan reduced its trade with China and cut its exports of silver and copper, and the Spanish and Dutch were making bad moves again, which made Zhu Yihai unable to sit idly by.
Zhu Yihai rang the copper bell on the table, and an official came in.
