Chapter 747 Plowing the Court and Sweeping the Cave
Mr. Wu Yi was hired out of the Foreign History Museum by his dynasty, and Mao Qiling, his childhood friend, brought him a donkey. An old man and a young man each rode a small donkey, and they walked leisurely on the street.
In the evening, when the sun goes down, the streets are much cooler. Dengzhou on the coast is no better than inland, and the sea breeze is very cool.
People were getting off work at the office, people were setting up stalls at the night market, people were finishing their work and going home, and there were also people going out for a walk. The streets were very lively.
Next to the National History Museum is the Imperial College, as well as the newly built political and legal school, normal school, medical school and other vocational colleges. There are many students, so the streets here are also very lively.
The little donkey is not fast, but very comfortable.
After Zhu Yihai became emperor, officials were prohibited from riding in sedan chairs, and ordinary people were even less qualified. The emperor believed that such manually carried sedan chairs were inappropriate.
No matter why the emperor had this view, since the emperor prohibited it, officials and people naturally did not dare to violate it, and the emperor's majesty was still very strong.
There are many horse-drawn carriages on the streets of Tokyo. There are also traditional two-wheeled horse-drawn carriages, but not many. The most popular ones on the streets now are four-wheeled horse-drawn carriages. There are open ones, sedan ones, private ones, public ones, and also rental ones.
of.
Although there are many of these carriages, they are very orderly. Whether they are private, rented, public or even for cargo, they have corresponding license plates. Each carriage is also equipped with a bell. If it is for rent or public, the carriage driver also has a unified
livery.
Even the horse pulling the carriage has a special brand mark on its butt and a dung bag on the back. It is forbidden to defecate anywhere in the city, and violators will be fined.
Those officials in red and purple robes in Tokyo generally have their own private carriages, which are very convenient for entry and exit. However, the salaries of the small officials in green and blue robes are not high. Living in the capital is not easy and the expenses are not low, so they often Rent a car or charter a car, some take a public carriage directly to and from the office, and some simply walk to and from get off work on their legs, or buy a donkey or a mule.
Generally, there are few people buying horses. They are not cheap, and the cost of raising horses is too high, and the tax is also high. Raising a small donkey or mule will save a lot, and it will make travel easier.
The little donkey that Mr. Yiling used to ride in the dynasty was bought for him by his son Wang Fuzhi, a lecturer in the East Palace. It was not big but very docile.
In fact, it's not that Mr. Yiling can't afford a horse or a car, it's just that he is not a person who likes to enjoy himself. Last year, he participated in the Bo Xue Hong Ci Course, was admitted by the Emperor, and was appointed editor of the Hanlin Academy, and was specially selected as an editor of the National History Museum.
Written by: The old gentleman is the successor of Xin Xue and is extremely knowledgeable.
He even taught part-time at the Imperial College and Jiangwu Hall.
The combined salary from his several errands is actually very high, and he is still well off even if he lives in the capital.
"Extra name, extra number, Zhang Guowei, the governor of Liaodong, led his army into Shenyang, defeated the Tartars, and beheaded more than 3,000 people. Shen Yangyang was restored!"
"Excuse me, Shen Yangguang is back!"
Several newsboys were carrying cross-body schoolbags, which contained a large bag of Beijing News that had just been urgently printed. The good news just came from Liaodong. Zhang Guowei, Geng Zhongming, Korean soldiers, Chahar Mongolian soldiers, plus the Liaodong and Liaoxi Imperial Guards
After the battalion, Ruan Jin's Bohai Navy and others successfully joined forces at the foot of Liaoyang City, they quickly bombarded Liaoyang City with artillery, then surrounded Shenyang, and defeated Shenyang City in just a few days.
Although everyone expected that the Ming Dynasty would definitely win the Liaoshen Battle, it was still a bit surprising and even overjoyed that it could win so quickly.
"Take two!"
Mao Qiling took out four copper coins.
The newsboy took the copper coin, glanced at it quickly and put it into his pocket, then handed over an extra number of the Beijing News that still smelled of fresh ink, took out another extra number, held it in his hand and continued to raise it while shouting loudly.
Mao Qiling submitted one to Dynasty.
"Lao Zhangge's sword is still young. He oversaw the battle and recaptured Liaoshen so quickly. The court did not send any additional troops out of the border. It only had the imperial camps in the two towns of the two Liaos, plus the Mongolian Chahar, Sunit and The Korean soldiers, Geng Zhongming, and some savage Jurchens thought that commanding such a group of people would have to be carried out step by step, and it would even take several months just to integrate these people who are not under each other's control."
Mao Qiling was in his twenties. He was the cousin of Empress Xiao Zhang and the nephew of Marquis Mao Youlun of Shaoxing. Although he was young, he was extremely talented. The three brothers were collectively known as Jiangdong Sanmao.
He also worked as an editor at the National History Museum.
The emperor newly established the National History Museum and organized many scholars and officials to comprehensively compile the history of the sixteen emperors from the founding of the Ming Dynasty to the execution of Chongzhen in the past 200 years.
While compiling the history of the country, the emperor also asked them to compile several books such as "Shaotian Dictionary", "Shaotian Zhengyin" and "Shaotian Lunar Calendar".
It can be considered as a piggybacking.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhu Yuanzhang had people compile the Hongwu Zhengyun, and the Zhongyuan Yayin was established. However, the compiled book made Zhu Yuanzhang very dissatisfied. It was far from the Zhengyin he expected. He was satisfied and finally changed the name of Yunhui to Hongwu Tongyun, replacing Zhengyunwei and promulgating it.
Zhu Yuanzhang's original intention was to eradicate the old rhyme and barbaric pronunciation and restore the authentic pronunciation of the Central Plains.
The so-called Zhengyin is actually Mandarin, the Mandarin promoted by the imperial court. In different periods, Mandarin is different, and there are even different distinctions between reading pronunciation and Mandarin.
In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhongyuan Yayin was regarded as the actual Chinese language in the Central Plains. However, the Zhongyuan Yayin recognized by the imperial court was Chinese that was not affected by the Rong and Di in the north. The Zhongyuan Yayin in the Jianghuai area at that time was relatively pure. Therefore, there were two parallel pronunciation systems in the north at that time. One represents the Mandarin dialect, and the other represents the dialect. It can also be said that one represents the reading pronunciation, and the other represents the speaking pronunciation.
This thing is actually easy to understand, between Mandarin and dialects. In the early Ming Dynasty, the Mandarin was pronounced in Nanjing, but Zhu Di moved the capital to Beijing. After more than 200 years, the changes are actually very big now.
Zhu Yihai asked Shaotian Zhengyin to be compiled to promote Mandarin. He requested that Beijing dialect be used as the pronunciation for reading, and it was also the unified standard for Mandarin. All imperial examinations, as well as officials and officials, must learn Mandarin and be proficient in Beijing Mandarin. .
Soldiers in the army also have to learn Mandarin and even become literate after joining the army.
The purpose of this is naturally to make the empire more cohesive and reduce the differences between north, south and east. Otherwise, many southerners go to the north to serve as officials and cannot understand what the local people speak, and the local people cannot understand what they say. This is of course No way.
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Revising the Mandarin standard and promoting it across the board is a good thing that will benefit the present generation and the future. As for the Shaotian dictionary, it is actually incidental. It uses the new Shaotian correct pronunciation as the standard and mainly collects characters to provide phonology and meaning for the words.
Explanations, examples, usage, etc., serve as a reference book to help promote correct pronunciation.
Different from the correct pronunciation of the previous dynasties, Zhu Yihai was a pragmatic person, so he directly used the alphabetic pinyin method.
The ancients used methods such as zhiyin and fanqie to notate Chinese characters, which all caused many inconveniences. However, the Chinese pinyin method was actually first used by the Jesuit missionaries Li Douma and several other missionaries to use Roman characters to note Chinese characters, which is convenient.
Learn Chinese, and later missionaries improved it.
At this point, the use of Latin letters to pinyin Chinese characters has actually been studied for decades and has a good set of experience. Moreover, they were originally designed based on the Mandarin phonetic pronunciation, which is more suitable for spelling the Beijing pronunciation.
Zhu Yihai didn't care that it was invented by Jesuit missionaries, as long as it was easy to use, so the Shaotian Chinese Pinyin Book recruited many missionaries to help compile it.
The Shaotian Dictionary and Hanyu Pinyin were all designed to promote the correct pronunciation of Shaotian. In order to make Beijing Mandarin more standardized and popular, Zhu Yihai asked them to compile dictionaries and pinyin, and officials, students, and soldiers all had to learn it.
The Shaotian Lunar Calendar is actually the Chongzhen Almanac first compiled by Tang Ruowang and others. After rearrangement and revision, it became the Ming Dynasty calendar. Later almanacs were also based on this, and the lunar calendar of later generations itself was born out of this.
Zhu Yihai also directly asked Tang Ruowang, Nan Huairen and others to participate in this project.
Now the whole court is revamping Mandarin, and even Shaotian Zhengyin has been officially included in the official assessment. If you can't speak Beijing dialect well, your career will be affected.
The emperor even decreed that in the future, interviews will be added to the imperial examination. The top 100 candidates in the imperial examination will be interviewed by the emperor in person and the final ranking will be made. An important subject in the interview is Mandarin.
Therefore, the imperial examination required not only good handwriting, but also standard speaking of the official language.
Otherwise, if you miss out on being ranked No. 1 and No. 2 because your Mandarin skills are not good enough, you will regret it.
Mao Qiling is from Shaoxing. He used to study in Jiangnan. Although he also learned Beijing Mandarin, he still speaks with a Shaoxing accent. Wang Chaopin is from Hunan and speaks with a Hunan accent.
The Mandarin spoken by the two people with strong accents can be understood, but sometimes it is easy to misunderstand them.
An old man and a young man were commenting on the Battle of Liao-Shenyang while looking at the outside of the account.
If it goes too smoothly, it seems that people cannot be very interested in it.
This was unimaginable a few years ago.
At that time, the two capitals of the Ming Dynasty fell. Who would have thought that a few years later, it would be the turn of the Tatar capital Shenyang to be conquered by the Ming Dynasty.
"The Tatars can't return to their old nest now."
Wang Chaopin stroked his beard and said, "Let's go have a drink."
"It is indeed time to drink three glasses of wine to celebrate."
So the two men simply found a restaurant and went in. The restaurant was full of students and scholars, all raising glasses here to celebrate the recapture of Liaochen.
The two men went upstairs to find a seat and ordered a pot of Shaoxing rice wine.
We ordered a few more side dishes to go with the wine and chatted while drinking.
"The Tatars are finished."
"If Shenyang can't go back, where will they flee now?"
"Liao Shen was restored, and the Haixi Haidong and Barbarian Jurchens have also submitted to the imperial court and accepted the canonization of the imperial court. The imperial court established Bohai Province there and established the governor's palace. Although it was still a restraint, it also prevented the Tatars from returning. The possibility of returning to Jianzhou."
"Come and have a drink!"
The Tatars have now retreated to the Xilamulun River area. Horqin and other Monan Mongolian tribes are still temporarily attached to them, but how long can this relationship last?
"Perhaps the Tatars can only withdraw to the northeast, enter the Horqin Grassland, or even withdraw to the Daxianbei Mountains (Daxingan Mountains), all the way to the upper reaches of the Nen River, or even the upper reaches of Heilongjiang. If they keep running north, it will be difficult to pursue and annihilate them. Already."
"Even if they run to the ends of the earth and to the country of Ryuki Yaksha, they still can't escape."
The regent uncle Jierhalang had no intention of fighting. He took the puppet emperor Shunzhi with him, moved three times a year, and kept fleeing north. He had no intention of turning back and fighting.
Even Shenyang ignored it. Instead, it crossed the Xiliao River and moved along the eastern foot of the Greater Khingan Mountains to the former Chahanhot City of the Chahar Khan Court near Zalut Banner and Alhorqin, and was ready to move further north at any time.
"Perhaps the emperor will let Mobei Mongolia come to surround the interceptors, or even persuade Horqin or Zalut and other troops to fight back and capture them for sacrifice."
"Congratulations to the Ming Dynasty!"
"Congratulations to the great emperor!"
The old man and the young man happily toasted again.
There were cheers from downstairs, and everyone was toasting in celebration.