In the fifth year of Shaotian's reign, it was late autumn and October.
The maple leaves at Yong'an Temple in Xiangshan, Xishan, Beijing, are as red as burning flames, especially after dew, they are deep purple-red.
Zhu Yihai has been to Xiangshan to see the red leaves before, he also went to Badaling to see the red leaves, and even saw the red leaves in the Qinling Mountains. But it was in another time and space. At that time, he came to Beijing several times for meetings and trips. It was a must-go to Beijing in autumn.
Xiangshan, with nearly 100,000 red maples, is truly as beautiful as a picture scroll.
However, there were too many tourists and the experience was not good.
At this time, Zhu Yihai looked at Xiangshan, but found that there were not many red maples. Only the Dayong'an Temple built by the Emperor of the Jin Dynasty had large red maples, which were very beautiful when blooming, but they lacked the kind of red maples that bloomed all over the mountain.
The majestic atmosphere of sunrise.
Some people say that Yong'an Temple was actually built in the Tang Dynasty, also called Xiangshan Temple or Ganlu Temple. After several dynasties of repair, expansion and even reconstruction, by the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was already very spectacular. It was only when the intruders invaded Beijing and the Qing army entered the customs.
It suffered considerable damage.
"The red leaves in Xiangshan can be said to be the richest autumn colors in Beijing. Today, the weather is beautiful and clear and refreshing. The red leaves in Xiangshan Temple are also turning red. It comes at the right time."
Zhu Yihai walks in Xiangshan Temple.
Dayongan Temple has also just undergone reorganization and downsizing. It retains a hundred monks, who are considered to be of higher rank, and a thousand acres of land.
However, the bronze statue of the Golden Buddha has been sold.
Not many people come to the temple to offer incense.
When Zhu Yihai came to the temple, he was not allowed to preside over the ceremony. The monks welcomed him and accompanied him, taking the prince, the King of Han, You Wen Anzhi, Wang Zhiren, Zhang Mingzhen and other important civil and military officials for a leisurely walk.
The scenery of Xiangshan is really good. Even though there are not many red maple trees at this time, without the crowd of tourists, the view is very good.
There is an emperor's palace in Xiangshan. It was built during the reign of the Jin Dynasty emperor and was repaired in subsequent dynasties. Although most of the property, furnishings and decorations in the palace were removed at this time, the foundation is still there. After some simple repairs, it is still quite good.
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"Mi Layin and Ding Guodong rebelled in Gansu and refused to allow the imperial camp to enter. They claimed that Gansu is the Gansu of Gansu people. They defended Lanzhou and even sent people to collude with the Yarkand Khanate.
Abrun, the governor of Turpan in Yarkand, was dissatisfied with the imperial court's previous mediation of the Western Regions and refused to recognize Oirat's occupation of Turpan and Hami. He summoned soldiers in Turpan and called it jihad, and appointed his son Babai as the governor of Turpan.
Babai then sent his eldest son Touluntai to lead 2,000 people to Lanzhou, claiming that they would jointly repel our Ming army and invade Gansu."
Zhu Yihai was not surprised by the news of the rebellion, and was not even panicked at all.
Even the emperor could have expected this step a long time ago, or that Milayin and others could go from resisting the Qing rebels to now rebelling against the Ming Dynasty. The emperor was deliberately adding fuel to the flames.
As for why, the reason is simple. In the emperor's opinion, there has been a pustule there for a long time. If possible, it is better to pick it up early.
"Our court originally set up a volunteer vanguard battalion in Ganzhou, Hexi Province, all of which were native returned soldiers. At the end of Chongzhen, the native officials returned to the governor Milayin to lead them. Their soldiers, horses, food and grass were all provided by themselves, so all the governor and general soldiers were handed over to them.
He holds the title of General of the Xiangzha Committee. He is a brave leader in the three armies, and he is a Hui native official, so he cannot be compared with others."
Milayin and Ding Guodong were both local officials, Milayin was a Huihui, and Ding Guodong was a Semu. In the late Ming Dynasty, the guerrilla generals and other generals appointed by the imperial court later joined the Dashun army and were still granted military positions and commanded their headquarters.
Later, when the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, Mila Yin and others were originally on the sidelines, but took advantage of the situation and joined the Qing Dynasty, and they were all relinquished from their original posts.
Speaking of it, people like Mila Ying, Ding Guodong, etc. are actually similar to Qin Liang, Yu Ma Wannian and other southwestern chieftains. However, compared to the loyalty and bravery of Qin Liangyu's generation of heroines, Mi Ding and others are just outsiders in troubled times, just local warlords. Who?
I will vote for whoever is strong and have no position at all.
In the late Ming Dynasty, Lin Rirui, the governor of Gansu Province, was the superior of Mila Yin, Ding Guodong and others. Later, when the army attacked Ganzhou, Mila Yin and Ding Guodong secretly switched sides, resulting in Lin Rirui's defeat and death. Later, Lin Rirui's
However, my nephew was appointed by the Qing Dynasty as a branch patrol in Gansu.
After he arrived in Ganzhou, he severely punished the remnants of thieves, especially the second general Mi Ding, and wanted to kill him, which resulted in a mutiny. The second general Mi Ding raised his flag to rebel against the Qing Dynasty, claiming to join the Lu Supervisor State, and suddenly became a Ming general again.
Later, Yuan Shun general He Hongqi and others were defeated in Guanzhong and fell to Long. After Zhu Pengfei was ordered to reorganize, he divided his troops with them. He and others divided their troops and marched westward. However, he and Ding La teamed up to wipe out Gansu, each occupying one side.
In the following years, the imperial court gave them positions and titles, and also transferred them to the Longshan area to contain the Qing army in Guanzhong. Milayin was even asked to take advantage of Oirat's capture of Hami, Turpan, to go out of Jiayu Pass to collect the empty Hexi Four Guards.
old place.
If you want to talk about merit, then of course there is merit.
But to get to this point, the most important thing is that Milayin, Ding Guodong and others are just local officials in Gansu. They are not high-ranking and not very strong. They are just helpers in troubled times. But in recent years, they have taken advantage of Emperor Shaotian's Northern Expedition.
During the Central Plains, especially with the restraint and cooperation of the imperial camp, they easily controlled half of Gansu, especially the Hexi area.
This made them somewhat inflated. In recent years, they have also disobeyed orders and recruited troops privately. They have a strong army in their hands.
The emperor wanted to reorganize the super-staffed people in Guiyi Town and Hexi several times, and even wanted to recover local taxes and govern power, but they did not cooperate.
The emperor wanted to change the generals in Guiyi Town, but they didn't do it.
In fact, the relationship between the two parties has been tense for a long time. Milayin and Ding Guodong have regarded Gansu as their personal territory, and even reached a secret agreement with Wu Sangui in private to jointly guarantee the autonomy of the northwest.
They also secretly lobbied for help and wanted to carve up Longyou.
Finally, they colluded with the people of the Yarkand Khanate.
As for now they have finally rebelled, the reason for raising the flag is the Buddhist and Taoist reforms being carried out by the court. There are many Huihui in Guanlong, and these people are quite special.
During the Tang Dynasty, as the Great Eclipse advanced eastward, many people from the Western Regions of Central Asia began to convert to the Crescent Religion. Later, during the Mongolian Expedition to the West, a large number of Central Asian, Persian, and Arab sergeants and craftsmen believed in the Crescent Religion.
, merchants and others moved to the northwest and coastal provinces of China, and gradually integrated with the local Han and Mongolian people.
This chapter is not over, please click on the next page to continue reading! The earliest Huihui actually belonged to the Semu people in the Yuan Dynasty. Later, at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Huihui was officially recognized, mainly in Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia.
The most unique thing about Hui Hui is that they are an ethnic group formed by believing in the Crescent Religion. They are actually composed of many ethnic groups such as Central Asia, Mongolia, and Central Plains.
Later during the Republic of China, some people once said that the Huihui were Han Chinese who believed in the Crescent Religion. In fact, although this was inaccurate, it was not completely wrong, because in the northwest, there were indeed many Han and Mongolians who eventually became members of the Huihui because of their belief in the Crescent Religion.
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By this time, there were already a large number of Huihui from Shaanxi and Gansu. Like the Yarkands, they believed in the Crescent Religion, which was different from the Mongolians who believed in Tibetan Buddhism, and also different from the Han people.
Huihui is dispersed in large areas and settled in small groups.
After the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, the Huihui, like the Mongols, also went through a process of gradually becoming attached. In Shaanxi and Gansu, the Huihui continued to cultivate wasteland, and more and more surrendered Huihui migrated over, and the population continued to increase.
Counties from Guanzhong in Shaanxi, Hezhou in Gansu, Lingzhou in Ningxia to Guyuan in Pingliang have a large number of Hui people, forming a large number of settlements.
During the Ming Dynasty, the Hui Hui merged with Han and Mongolian and other ethnic groups to gradually form the new Hui Hui ethnic group.
In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang prohibited the Mongolian Semu people from changing their surnames, restricted intermarriage within the Hui, and adopted a policy of forced assimilation. However, Zhu Yuanzhang issued an edict to recognize and protect the Crescent Temple and the Crescent Sect, which also left hidden dangers.
After nearly three hundred years, the soldiers and common people who cultivated fields in Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia in the early Ming Dynasty have multiplied and established stable gathering areas. In these stable residential areas, cultural customs centered on Crescent Temple have been formed, which are closely related to
The differences among the Han people around me are getting bigger and bigger.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Hui people from northern Shaanxi and Gansu Province, under the leadership of Ma Shouying, became one of the main forces of the peasant army. In the turmoil of the late Ming Dynasty, the strong forces in Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia returned quickly.
By forming regiments, fighting in the countryside, and joining the new dynasty, they began to have their own powerful armed forces, and even gradually controlled many places in Shaanxi and Gansu.
Zhu Yihai also saw early on that the cultural customs of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Huihui were hugely different from those of the Han people, and that they were very xenophobic. Under the circumstances at that time, the Huihui almost wanted to establish a Yarkand Khanate in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia.
The meaning of **** is to return home.
Of course, Zhu Yihai could not tolerate such divisive and separatist forces, so he did not compromise blindly, but decisively decided to take the initiative to break the pustule.
Buddhist and Taoist reforms in various places also issued decrees to Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, requiring them to be implemented in depth.
This is the most direct sword strike against Protestantism.
In particular, Zhu Yihai directly designated the Crescent Sect as a cult and an obscene temple, banned it, demolished the Protestant temples, confiscated and burned the Crescent Sect scriptures, and moved all the elders of the Crescent Sect temples to Gyeonggi Province.
Such drastic policies are obviously intended to intensify conflicts.
And the emperor did this because he knew that if he followed the suggestions of many ministers and adopted a tolerant and moderate policy towards them, especially those who followed the customs and kept things in order, history had already demonstrated the consequences, which would be very tragic.
s consequence.
When Tongzhi revolted, it was the most painful lesson. The most important thing is that if we completely follow the customs and follow the appropriate, then if this continues, the tragedy will happen again, and we may even have to separate.
To open a window, the last step is to knock down the house.
Going back to the inside, especially the eunuchs have become clan members, integrating the roles of deans, landlords, gentlemen, etc., and have become the de facto holders of local discourse power. These people have a stronger control over the local area than the squires in Han Dynasty.
Much more, similar to the authority of the gentry patriarch of a large family.
The unity of the church and the clan is the most critical point.
It is simply impossible to simply change customs. Only by doing what was done when Dashi traveled eastward to preach the gospel can change be possible.
Zhu Yihai deliberately banned religion, moved imams and teachers to the capital, reorganized and disbanded Longyou's returning army, etc. The essence was that the time had come when he could neither destroy nor establish, and simple appeasements were no longer feasible.
When Nikan fell, Wu Sangui was forced to surrender his military power and go to Beijing, and after the imperial camp moved into Guanzhong, Zhu Yihai had already started to take action. The plan had been carefully considered for several years, and now it was just the time to take action.
The emperor was not only targeting Milayinding Guodong for not obeying the will and refusing to accept reorganization, but also wanted to truly regain the control of Guanlong. The integration of ethnic and religious groups would mean the establishment of a Huihui country in the northwest. This was absolutely
