"All Mongolian people with lustful eyes are allowed to marry Chinese people. They are not allowed to marry each other. Those who violate this will have an eighty-tenth rod and the men and women will be slaves in the palace."
"No Hu clothing, no language, no surnames!"
“Ban Islam!”
······
In Shaanxi, Xi'an Prefecture was renamed Chang'an Prefecture. Chang'an City faces Tong County to the east, at the foot of Lishan Mountain. There are many Hui villages in the county.
In the whole of Shaanxi, there are more than one million Hui people, and in the entire northwest of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, there are no less than two to three million Hui people. Although the number is not as high as that of the Han people, their number is already very huge.
Due to customs and other issues, the Hui and Han Dynasties had always been at odds with each other, and there were frequent frictions.
In front of the county government office, the new county magistrate sent someone to post a notice announcing the latest imperial decree.
"It's long overdue!"
In front of the eight-character wall of the county government office, several Han scholars were very happy after seeing this notice and read it loudly, attracting many people to watch.
An old scholar stroked his beard and said, "This is nothing new. It was all formulated by Taizu after the founding of the country. Unexpectedly, more than two hundred years later, Emperor Shaotian promulgated it again."
"Emperor Shaotian was wise like Taizu, so he naturally had to maintain Taizu's system. Those lustful people oppressed and tyrannized the Han people during the Yuan Dynasty. Our Taizu expelled the Tartars and restored China, but in the end he was too kind to them.
.Now you are fighting with us on our territory, which is outrageous."
Some people ask, since Taizu promulgated such a decree back then, why is it still happening so many times now?
The old scholar said, "That's because when Chengzu was in trouble, he attacked the south from the north and had many Huihui semu under his command, so he later relaxed his attitude toward the Huihui and even allowed them to guide foreigners to marry the Huihui and change their surnames to Muslims.
, which led to today, more than two hundred years later, that the northwest is almost occupied by the Huihui."
Starting from the early Ming Dynasty, Huihui from the Western Regions continued to move inward. By the Zhengde period, the number had reached an astonishing number. Although it gradually calmed down after Jiajing, it did not stop.
There are as many as 150,000 to 60,000 Huihui households from the Turkic tribes in the Western Regions who settled in the interior. In the Ming Dynasty, although the Huihui lost the superior position they occupied in the Mongolian and Yuan Dynasties, they were unified through Islam, marriage, funeral and diet, etc.
They are strictly separated from the Han people, and for hundreds of years, they basically spoke Chinese as the main language, but they lived in large scattered and small settlements, always maintaining isolation from the Han people.
Through continuous migration and combination, they have formed five major settlement areas across the country at this time, the northwest settlement area, the Yunnan settlement area, the Central Plains settlement area, the North China settlement area and the Jiangnan settlement area. Among them, the largest and most obvious one is Shaanxi.
Gansu region.
The number of Hui in Shaanxi exceeds one million, accounting for at least 15% of the total population, while the Hui in Gansu is even greater, exceeding two million, accounting for more than half of Gansu's population, and may even reach three-fifths.
The massive increase in population, especially the settlement pattern, and the increase in population proportion have caused Huihui in the northwest to almost completely switch to intra-ethnic marriages. Secondly, the influence of Islamic scriptures has expanded, and they have become more xenophobic.
Because of the pattern of large scattered settlements and small settlements, Huihui, the largest area of Shaanxi and Gansu, is basically dispersed and settled in the form of villages, with settlements one after another adjacent to the Han people.
This pattern is similar to the Lingnan native guest villages living next to each other, because there is me among you, and you among me. The Han and Hui villages live next to each other, and the conflicts become more and more serious.
Han people were not allowed to go to the village to report for a play, and a notice was posted to a play in Hanzhuang, prohibiting Hui people to go.
If a Hanhui child goes to watch a play, or if someone goes to another tribe to sell melons and fruits, they will be beaten and driven away.
Sometimes, in order to compete for water sources, two adjacent Hui Han villages are more likely to break out into collective armed fights. This kind of armed fight is very fierce and may even trigger many nearby villages of the same ethnic group to join in, resulting in heavy casualties on both sides.
The Hui people are aggressive, and they have had conflicts between the old and new sects in recent years.
Since the Tang Dynasty, when Islam spread eastward during the Great Eclipse, for hundreds of years, the Islam in China has been basically Sunni. They all recognize the four caliphs as orthodox, and those in China are their offshoots, the Tigrams.
, the Digemu sect is the earliest Crescent sect introduced to China, also known as the old sect. Their teachings are relatively conservative and moderate, and they do not advocate active expansion.
They formed a conservative tradition, opposed new and different things, insisted on doing things according to the old rules, tended to localize the Han region, and established a religious organization. They also paid more attention to cultural education and carried out scripture hall education in the temple. He has been in China for nearly a thousand years and was influenced by Chinese culture.
Traditional culture has a profound influence, and many Han customs and habits have even been introduced into their sectarian rituals, which are relatively mild and conservative. The organizational form of the church is the "three-master church" system. It is headed by Hedi, who leads the worshippers and preaches scriptures.
It consists of a cloth and a muaizin (the muezzin) who calls for prayer.
However, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, under the influence of the Yarkand Khanate, Sufism was introduced.
Sufism is also called a mystical sect. The Black Mountain Sect and White Mountain Sect of Yarkand belong to Sufism. To be precise, Sufism is Sufism, not a sect like Digram. Compared with
The traditional and conservative Digemu sect is more radical.
In recent years, many Sufis have been preaching in the northwest. They are collectively called Protestantism, and there are different sects in Protestantism. In China, they are called Protestant disciples. There are more and more Protestant disciples, and even gate officials.
A new line of officials was created.
The dispute between the old and the new became increasingly fierce, and the radical teachings of the old and the new also intensified the conflict between the Hui and Han.
The traditional, conservative and moderate Digemu sect has been in China for thousands of years and has lived in peace with the Han people. However, with the rapid development of various Protestant sects and the collapse of the overall social order in the late Ming Dynasty, Shaanxi and Gansu have now become a living place.
volcano.
Imams, imams, etc. in Islam were originally just teachers in the religion, similar to pastors, monks, etc. in other religions. They were not given special status at the beginning and had no special requirements. He was just a teacher. He could marry a wife and have children if he wished.
, you can also do business and make profits, and you can also work as an official or errand without wearing special clothes, which is similar to Confucian masters.
This chapter is not over, please click on the next page to continue reading! In the Yuan Dynasty, they were called Hui Hui Masters, and in the Ming Dynasty, they were also called Teacher Fu.
The Han people in the Ming Dynasty accepted private school education centered on the Four Books and Five Classics, while the Hui people established a scripture hall education with both private and monastic characteristics, focusing on the Thirteen Classics.
The imams are the teachers of the sutra hall. They are among the few among the Hui people who can read and pronounce, they are learned people, and they are also spiritual and cultural mentors.
In local villages, they are equivalent to the gentry elders among the Han people. They have high prestige among the people. Over time, these imams have become hereditary bishops.
The characteristics of the Hui Huili clan are that the imams have great prestige and power. They collect rent as landlords and exploit believers through chanting sutras. Through hereditary inheritance and accumulation from generation to generation, these imams have formed a clan.
The Shaanxi-Gansu Protestant Church has four great eunuchs, and no one can shake their status.
However, this status quo also aroused dissatisfaction among some Hui people, so some people founded a new sect, a new sect, and a new banner, advocating that only silent scriptures should be recited without the need to hand over sheep, and these were given to the leader, so in the Ming Dynasty
At the end of this time, when there was chaos everywhere, natural disasters and wars continued everywhere, and everyone was trapped and impoverished, various new sects became extremely popular.
Almost as long as someone stands up and shouts, claiming to have returned from a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and received some holy edict to establish a new sect, many people will immediately support it. In this case, the big and small officials will naturally refuse, so they will accuse these people.
They are heretics and are calling upon the people to attack.
The two sides often have conflicts due to conflicts between the old and new sects.
This made the situation in Shaanxi and Gansu even more chaotic. In addition to the previous peasant uprising, the Shun army captured Shaanxi and Gansu, and then the Qing army entered the pass to capture Shaanxi and Gansu. Then Wu Sangui occupied Shaanxi, Milayin, and He Hongjia occupied Shaanxi.
Gan, all parties were fighting back and forth, and the Han and Hui people caught in the middle also suffered from the chaos, which aggravated the chaos.
Under this situation, local prefectures and counties basically lost their local control. Whether it was fights between Hui, Hui, and Protestants, or armed fights between Han and Hui, no one could control them at all, exacerbating the situation.
After Milayinding Guodong and others raised their flag to rebel against the Ming Dynasty, they even posted posters everywhere, calling on the Hui people in the northwest to rise up in rebellion. They wanted to make Gansu a Gansu for Gansu people and establish a Hui state in the northwest.
Suddenly, it became more and more chaotic.
There are many Hui villages in Lintong County, and there have been several armed fights in Hui Han villages.
In fact, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, many people were already wary of Huihui. For example, in the early years, the governor of Shaanxi Province once wrote a report saying that Huihui was deceiving the public and was strictly prohibited by law. For example, Muslims do not respect heaven and earth, do not worship gods, and appoint another sect leader for themselves.
As the years went by, party members became more and more active, doing evil and harming the people. They requested general orders to teach and destroy their temples.
Even in the court, many ministers saw the Huihui as no different from the Han people. They spoke Chinese and wore Han clothes, so they thought the Huihui were just a small group of Han people with special religious habits.
Gu Yanwu, the leader of Conglong in the Shaotian Dynasty, even wrote a letter directly, saying that he had to stick to his old customs and refused to change. He formed a gang and tyrannized the countryside. He was tired of the virtues of the dynasty and could not train his stubborn habits.
.
However, after the late Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty suffered from internal and external troubles. Although Huihui had become a problem, it was not the most urgent issue for the court. As a result, it was put aside and ignored.
Until the peasant uprising swept the world and invaded Beijing, and the Jurchens from Northeast China entered Guanzhong step by step, the Ming Dynasty was not free to take care of these things.
But no one expected that the imperial court would finally take action.
Wu Sangui handed over his military power and was recruited into the court. The court had already sent governors, governors, and imperial camps to the customs. New officials were also appointed in various prefectures and counties.
As soon as the new county magistrate took office, he issued this notice, and the Han people gathered around to watch and applaud.
At present, the conflict between Hui and Han is fierce, especially instigated by Mila Yin's post, it is like adding fuel to dry fire, and a little spark will ignite.
In the past, the government basically ignored the fights between the Hui and Han Dynasties.
Now someone finally takes care of it.
In the county government office, Zhao Bing of Xinzhi County was discussing matters with the county magistrate, county lieutenant, chief registrar, as well as the township chiefs, security chiefs, inspections, and officials from the county regiment training camps.
"Report, sir, something happened."
A class leader came in to report.
"What's the matter?"
"A fighting broke out in Baqiao Town. Many Huihan villages were fighting with weapons. Dozens of people were already dead. The fighting was still going on. People from all sides of Huihan Zhuangzi were still rushing there. Some Huihui were already shouting slogans.
Capture Baqiao, occupy Lintong, and respond to Mira Yin."
When the county magistrate Zhao Bing heard this, he slapped his hand on the table.
"That's alright. Let's quickly convene a group training, report to the provincial patrol garrison battalion for reinforcements, and report to Chang'an."
"Your Majesty, it's just a fight in a village. Let's just resolve it ourselves. There's no need to directly attack it, right?" an official even persuaded.
"Hmph, how can we make such a big deal out of a big deal? When did this happen? Did the saint's decree go in vain? Since he dares to commit crimes against the wind and colludes with the rebels, he should be severely punished. He must be quick and ruthless."
Zhao Bing didn't even ask why the fight started. Since Hui Hui had already dared to shout about occupying Baqiao Town and Lintong County in response to Milayin's treacherous slogan, what else could he ask? They had to destroy it first.
"Bring me the county's cotton armor, shotguns and waist knives. I will personally go to the city to supervise the defense."
Zhao Bing was born as a scholar, but he initially served as a deputy civilian official in the Imperial Army. He was not afraid of fighting at all.
When he went up to the city wall wearing armor and carrying a gun, he asked about the reason.
The matter is not complicated. When Wu Sangui occupied Guanzhong, he recruited a lot of soldiers, including Hui and Han. Later, Wu Sangui at Lanwuguan surrendered his military power and entered the court. Most of his troops were dismissed by the court, and some were
Reorganize and reorganize other armies.
Some Huiyong dispersed back to Weibei and passed by Lintong Baqiao. It was said that they stole a sheep from Xiaozhang Village and ate it. However, they were discovered by the villagers and the two sides had a dispute.
Because Xiaozhang Village was a Han village, he became even more angry. He called the villagers to surround the Huiyongs and asked them to double the compensation. They refused, so during the fight, they beat several Huiyongs to death, including two.
They escaped and ran to the nearby village to seek help. The villagers who returned to the village came to ask for an explanation. The villagers in Xiaozhang Village called them thieves and asked them to pay for the sheep. They even asked them to pay for the decoction and medicine of the injured Han people. The two sides couldn't argue.
The fight started again.
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! The Hui people did not win, and two more died. After escaping back to Huizhuang, they immediately contacted other nearby Huizhuangs. Originally, because Hui Han often fought with weapons, the nearby Huizhuangs also all
They help each other. When one party is in trouble, all four parties help each other. It is very united.
Now many villagers in Baqiao Town came to hear the news, and Xiaozhang Village over there didn't sit back and wait. On the one hand, they reported to the prefecture and county, and on the other hand, they also distributed hero posts widely, inviting relatives and friends, and nearby Hanzhuang to help.
A bigger fight broke out between the two sides, and seventeen more Huihui died that day, as well as many in Hanzhuang. The Huihui who arrived later started to set fire to Xiaozhang Village, not even sparing the women, children, old and weak, and slaughtered them directly.
to the village.
The young men of Xiaozhangzhuang were all fighting outside. Unexpectedly, there was a fire in the backyard. In anger, they rushed to the back village next door, rushed in and slaughtered the villagers too.
The battle escalated and began to evolve into a mutually destructive attack mode, from group fighting to a life and death battle.
After Zhao Bing listened, he stood at the top of the city and looked towards Lintong.
"From now on, we will immediately block all the gates in the county, organize a group to practice government service, and the young and strong Han people in the city, and immediately control all the sex in the city. Anyone who dares to resist with weapons will be killed on the spot. If you can obey the order,
Those who refuse to be captured will be thrown into prison first."
"Go quickly, hurry up!"
"Send people to protect the government offices and warehouses."
"Whoever dares to take to the streets with weapons will be killed immediately!"
After all, Zhao Bing had served in the military, and he knew very well that once such a riot occurred, it would be difficult to control it. Although there were imperial camps in Chang'an, Tongguan, and Lantian, there were no imperial camps or provincial camps in Lintong County. Once the city
There will be chaos inside, and everything may be destroyed by then.
It must be fast and it must be decisive.
At this time, I no longer care whether innocent people will be harmed.
Either you die or I die.
Control the situation first and then talk.
"The entire city is under martial law immediately!"
"All those with lustful eyes must stay at home and are not allowed to go out on the streets. Those who go out on the streets will be killed without mercy!"
"Inform the Han people in the city to guard their own doors. If someone with lustful eyes attacks them, they are allowed to defend themselves. However, they are not allowed to go to the streets privately, let alone take the opportunity to rob and kill. Violators will be punished afterwards."
In Baqiao Town, riots spread rapidly.
"Huizi colluded with the Gansu rebels. Killing Huizi will reduce the number of thieves!"
Huihui also circulated notices about killing people, sent people to contact all Huizhuangs, called all the young men to gather, and attacked Hanzhuang, and also attacked the towns.
In one day, seven or eight Hui Han villages were massacred by each other, and thousands of people were killed.
Tens of thousands of soldiers gathered and besieged Baqiao Town.
In the afternoon, when Hui Hui was besieging Baqiao, the earth suddenly shook and the whole world was darkened.
A line of black tide surged in from the west, and a red flag waved high in front.
Zhu Pengfei, the admiral of the 19th town of the imperial camp stationed in Shaanxi and the emperor's adopted son, personally led troops and horses to fight from Chang'an City.
Seeing the black Hui people besieging Baqiao Town, Zhu Pengfei pulled out his Qi Dao on his horse with an expressionless face.
"Those armed with weapons will be killed without mercy!"
The cavalry battalion urged the horses to charge, and their iron hoofs were like thunder, and they slammed into Hui Hui's back, piercing through it as easily as a red-hot iron drill inserted into butter.
With one blow, the ragtag crowd of grassroots people were immediately defeated and fled, unable to withstand the thunderous blow of the imperial cavalry.
The imperial camp was surrounded on all sides.
On the same day, outside Baqiao Town, the 19th Town Formation killed more than 3,000 people and captured more than 10,000 people. Baqiao Town rescued the siege. The 19th Town continued to pursue and sweep, and broke through many riots and returned to the people, killing more than 1,000 people.
More than ten thousand prisoners were taken.
After defeating several groups who gathered and returned, Zhu Pengfei ordered a raid back to the village.
Those who dare to resist with weapons will be killed without mercy!
Those who kneel down and surrender will be spared from death. They will be captured and imprisoned, regardless of age, to await their disposal.
When Sufi Protestantism suppressed the conservative Tigrams and became radical, this day was bound to come. The constant disputes among various Protestant sects accelerated the arrival of this day.
However, they may not have thought that they were just being used by Milayin. Perhaps they also wanted to take advantage of Milayin's rebellion and follow the example of the Yarkand Kingdom to establish an Islamic country in the northwest.
But they did not expect that although the northwest has been in chaos for many years, and although the Ming army's imperial camp has just entered the pass, the Ming imperial camp is not a dimensional opponent for them at this time.
They chose this time to launch a holy war, just to let those people die.
