November, the fourth day of the lunar month, there was heavy snow.
"Chilechuan, at the foot of Yinshan Mountain. The sky is like a dome, covering the surrounding fields. The sky is blue and the fields are vast. The wind blows the grass and you can see cattle and sheep." Zhu Yihai came in the wrong season. It was winter, and the northwest wind was blowing, and the sky
The clouds were thick and the snow fell and stopped.
I didn't see the wind-blown grass and cows and sheep, but I saw the scenery of the northern country covered in ice for thousands of miles. The emperor was currently in Guihua City, Qiantao, one of the three major Hetao plains.
"Ada Khan never imagined that his Kuku and Tuen Hohhot are now Guihua City, the provincial capital of Suiyuan Province in the Ming Dynasty, right?" The emperor's tour to the west felt a bit slow and leisurely. He left Beijing after the beginning of spring. In March
By November, we were still at Guihua City in Qiantao Plain.
In late spring, I patrolled in Xuanhua, in early summer, I met in Duolun, Bashang. In midsummer, I went hunting in Mulan Paddock. In early autumn, I traveled west along the Yinshan Mountains on the grassland.
After winter, we arrived at Tumo River at the foot of Daqing Mountain.
"It's hard to imagine that this city was actually built by the Mongols." Wen Anzhi couldn't help but sigh. The scale of this city is very large, and it looks even more amazing when reflected by the mountains and mountains.
This is a city built with blue bricks, looking green from a distance. In the sixth year of Longqing in the Ming Dynasty, Anda Khan, the leader of Tumut and the leader of 30,000 households on the left, summoned skilled craftsmen to imitate the capital of the Yuan Dynasty in the sun of Daqingshan and the bank of the Yellow River.
, broke ground and built this Qingcheng.
There are eight towers and glazed gold and silver palaces. When Hohhot was built, Anda Khan, the grandson of Dayan Khan, was also old and sick. Although this left-wing leader forced the Khan to move eastward, he also revised the law and called himself
Khan, but there is no escape from time.
When the Guihua City was officially built, Sanniangzi was mainly in charge. In the third year of Wanli, the city was completed and the imperial court named it Guihua City.
In the ninth year of Wanli, the city was expanded again and a magnificent outer city was built. However, after the death of Anda Khan and Sanniangzi, neither the 30,000 households on the left nor the Tumote tribe had any capable people.
Their descendants were also caught in endless internal strife.
In the seventh year of the Apocalypse, the Mongolian orthodox Lin Dan Khan led the Chahar tribe to march westward, conquered Guihua City and captured the Silver Buddha Temple. In the fifth year of Chongzhen, Huang Taiji defeated Lin Dan Khan and chased Guihua City and set fire to the city, leaving only the Silver Buddha Temple.
After the Qing army conquered Chahar and Tumut, they rebuilt the city on the ruins of Guihua City and renamed it Sanniangzi City.
It was divided into the left and right wing banners of Guihua City Tumut, and was led by two people, the capital commander. The commander was awarded by the Beijing bannermen. If it did not join the alliance, it would belong to Inner Mongolia.
Now, Zhu Yihai established Suiyuan Province, consisting of Datong, Shuozhou, Jining, Guihua, Suiyuan, Baotou, Jiuyuan and Ordos.
Guihua City was under the direct jurisdiction of the Ming Dynasty, with prefectures and counties. A special governance model was adopted for Hetao and Ordos. The two prefectures of Ningxia and Datong in the east and west were the actual control areas of the Ming Dynasty, while Ordos, Dongtao, and the north of Qingshan were all former Mongolian areas.
A place for pasture.
Now the imperial court has classified them as a province. Datong in Ningxia is still directly under the jurisdiction, while other places, such as Xitao, are now mixed with Han and Mongolian people. The imperial court directly administers several cities, relocated Han people to colonize them, and also resettled some Mongolian herders.
It adopts the model of establishing households and integrating the people. It is no longer subordinate to the Duhu Prefecture and the Dudu Prefecture, and it is not autonomous by the Mongolian princes.
In Houtao, Ordos and Qingshan North, Mongolian autonomy was adopted, plus some counties established by the imperial court, such as Baotou, Jiuyuan, etc. The imperial prefectures and counties and the Mongolian governors and governors did not overlap, and each governed its own affairs.
Those within the boundaries of the imperial prefecture and counties were managed by the imperial court through household registration and tax collection, while those within the Mongolian Governor's Prefecture were still managed by the princes of various Mongolian ministries.
The imperial court made some concessions, but in fact it had penetrated deep into the grassland. After withdrawing from the Hetao in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, only Xitao in Ningxia was left. The rest of Ordos, the front and rear Tao were owned by Mongolia, and the Mongolian left wing was centered on the Hetao.
Bian has been stable for more than a hundred years, and now he is able to get the front set back because the front set's Tumut was repeatedly disabled by Lin Danhan and Hou Jin.
The Qing government had already implemented internal management of Tumote and could no longer govern itself. Zhu Yihai took the opportunity to go a step further and directly set up prefectures and counties under Suiyuan Province, with Datong and Shuozhou as his back and Pianguan in the south, so as to consolidate this fertile land.
The Chile River was recovered.
Some Mongolian herdsmen were directly registered as households. As for Ordos, which was still very strong, the court did not rush to appease them first. Ordos and Houtao, plus Qingshan and Langshan, were allocated to them and a capital was set up.
The twelve governor's offices of the Protectorate were governed by themselves, temporarily forming an intertwined situation.
Although Monan Mongolia has set up three protective offices and canonized three Khans, one of them is Tumote Khan. However, this Tumute was the grandson of Ada Khan, Gertu, who moved eastward to avoid Chahar and became Tumote East Road.
Or another tribe, now canonized as Khan, commanding the twelve tribes on the right.
At that time, those who lived on the West Road, from Anda Khan to Boshu Ketu Khan for four generations, refused to submit to Lin Dan Khan. They also united with other tribes to repel Chahar's more than 40,000 troops in Tumote Zhao City, and returned
He once defeated the 3,000 Ming Dynasty reinforcements invited by Lin Dan Khan.
However, after his death, Lin Dan Khan took advantage of the chaos to conquer Guihua City and conquered the Tumote tribe. Boshu Ketu Khan's son Omubu surrendered to the Qing Dynasty. However, later Jin Dynasty said that they had rebelled and were deprived of the right to rule the tribe.
The title of tribal king was abolished and the tribe was led by people with different surnames such as Guluge and Hanggao.
The left wing weakened, and the 30,000 households that were once under the command of Anda Khan and Sanniangzi once forced the Ming Dynasty to pay tribute and negotiate with them, trade with them, and even grant the title of King Shunyi.
Once they drove Chahar, the patriarch of the clan, to the Greater Khingan Mountains. It is said that one can only be rich for three generations, but Mongolia often cannot be strong for three generations.
The so-called heroes such as Datin Khan and Anda Khan were not as powerful as the three generations. Mongolia's feudal system would inevitably lead to internal strife. Datin Khan unified the tribes, established 60,000 households, and divided his descendants into tribes as leaders. As a result, his grandson
After succeeding him as Khan, both Anda Khan and his son disdained him.
Today's Guihua City is still somewhat dilapidated. Hou Jin rebuilt Sanniangzi City on the ruins, but he did not stay there for a few years. Before evacuating, he took away a large number of people and livestock, and even set fire to them before leaving.
, and then Ordos came over and scanned it again.
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! After the Ming army left the customs, Ordos evacuated, the Ming army stationed and began to repair here. They also opened a border market here, and after recruiting Ordos and other Mongolian tribes, Guihua City can also be considered
After some vitality was restored, left Ningxia became naturalized in right Datong.
This year, troops were successively sent to Jiuyuan in Houtao, Baotou in Qiantao, Helinger, Tuoketuo, Liangcheng, and Wuchuan in the north of the mountain.
The garrison moved their family members, and then began to arrange for the towns to come over, and also brought their family members to guard the fields. They also built post roads, set up posts along the post roads, and recruited post soldiers to bring their families, as well as exiled criminals.
Placed in various farms and pastures.
When Zhu Yihai came, the place was already somewhat prosperous. But overall, it was still just guarding some spots, and the population was very small.
It is very common for Mongolian herdsmen to come over and cross the border for nomadism. After the Ordos Khan Ephochen Duolun League came back, he ordered a warning, and the governors also sent people to preach the message. The situation of crossing the border has been somewhat restrained.
However, there are still too few Han people, which is still a serious problem. There are many affiliated Mongolians in the Han-controlled territory of Suiyuan, many of which were originally converted into Tumut, and some were originally from Xie Yongbu, with 20,000 households.
They were basically wiped out. In addition to the Uuliangha Ten Thousand Households that were first destroyed and divided into various tribes, some herdsmen became isolated in the turmoil, lost the protection of their families and tribes, and even became slaves or hired workers.
Many people can only herd cattle for tribal leaders or wealthy herdsmen. However, if they hire them directly or give their female animals to them for grazing, they can get milk, hair, etc., while the female animals and their offspring belong to their owners.
These people lived a very hard life. They had no protection from the tribe, no ethnic group or property of their own, and were exploited by the temples, Houjin, and tribes. After the Ming army came, they gave them the right to choose.
They could stay, be naturalized in the Ming Dynasty, be registered as a household, and be a herdsman or a farmer. They could be given pasture for farming or grazing. The court could also lend them capital, but it could also lend them cattle and sheep, etc. directly to the officials.
Work at the ranch or royal ranch to graze cattle.
In fact, it was definitely much better than before, and food and clothing were no problem. The imperial court even arranged blind dates, marriages, and official matchmaking for the single herdsmen. Under these conditions, many of these scattered herdsmen joined the imperial court and were registered as registered households.
"The land in Qiantao is fertile, both arable and grazing, and has great potential. We must increase immigration efforts."
"It can't be moved now, and no one can move it." The emperor and his ministers sat on the tower of Guihua City, watching the snowy scenery, surrounding screens on three sides, setting up charcoal stoves, roasting some mutton, and warming pots of rice wine. It would be a good idea.
.
However, when it comes to the immigration issue, Wen Anzhi, the extremely capable chief assistant, is somewhat helpless.
"I think some people are unwilling to cooperate with the imperial policy?" The emperor was a little unhappy. It had only been a few years since Zhu Yihai launched his army, but the turmoil was really big, whether it was clearing land and measuring land, or canceling military households, craftsmen households, and salt households.
Or it could be that the officials and gentry were sharing the land, and the emperor was coercing and tempting him with a knife and candy, and it was still going on stumble.
As the emperor regained control of the Central Plains, immigrants were everywhere. The emperor took out a large amount of official land that had been damaged by wars, famines, and former imperial villages, vassal fields, and military camps, and gave it to the soldiers and officials of the new dynasty, or at low prices.
Selling it to the common people naturally won many hearts and support for the emperor, but it also harmed and threatened the interests of the gentry and landlords.
The reason is very simple. The land inventory includes clearing out the official fields and military villages that have been invaded over the years, as well as the land that has been donated under the name, etc., plus the unclaimed land that has been reclaimed, or the land that is ripe is turned into waste, etc., which makes them lose money.
Not small.
However, when the land was divided into acres, the officials and the gentry all paid the grain, not to mention the land tax. There was no way to avoid it.
However, the court is now allocating land and all kinds of immigrants, which has brought about a more serious problem. Many landlords and gentry who own many fields are now faced with the problem of having land but no one to farm. What is even more troublesome is that the court regulations
, land abandoned will be punished, and land abandoned for more than three years will be confiscated.
In the past, land annexation was serious, and many people lost their land and could only farm the land owned by the landlords and gentry. With less land and more people, the landlords and gentry could exploit the land in various ways, rent high land, and even provide additional labor, etc. Anyway, they did not have to worry about having no one to farm.
But now, the imperial court not only set a red line for land rent, but also moved a large number of landless peasants away, and distributed and sold land to many poor people, turning them into self-cultivators. Landowners were under great pressure.
No matter how much land there is, someone has to cultivate it. If you don't cultivate it, you will be fined or even confiscated. Under pressure, they have to reduce the land rent share, but it is still difficult to rent it out. It is also difficult to hire long-term and short-term workers for farming.
Daxing, working in a mine or factory is better than working as a long-term or part-time worker.
If you want to recruit long-term or short-term workers, you have to raise wages. In the past, it was enough to hire a long-term worker, including food and accommodation, and three taels of silver a year. But now, in addition to food and accommodation, you may not be able to recruit even ten silver dollars a year.
A good long-term worker, even if he eats this, is still in better condition than before. During the busy farming season, he must have meat every day. He cannot just eat pig intestines and lungs, but he must at least have a pig head.
The imperial court continued to send immigrants to the north or the frontier where there were few people to allocate and grant land to them. The poor were naturally happy to have their own fields. Even if they had to work harder, they would be able to survive the first half of their lives, and at least they would be better off in the second half of their lives, even themselves.
If you work harder, the next generation will at least have it easy.
But for those landlords, who can they exploit if they have no one? In the past, if you had money, you would buy land. Not only would you make a huge profit, but you would never lose money. You could exploit peasant tenants and evade taxes, so the gentry were exempted from it.
If you engage in some fraudulent mailing activities, you will be able to make huge profits.
The poor people now living either work in factories or dig in the mountains, or they have been assigned fields or bought land in installments. They all tend to their own fields all day long, and in their spare time they can let their children work outside.
Make some money.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! In the past, cheap labor was everywhere, and you could easily hire long-term and short-term workers, but now it is difficult, and it is even difficult to rent out land.
Nowadays, there is a trend in the government and the public to resist the expansion and immigration of the imperial court. Some people are openly saying that the emperor is overjoyed in his achievements and even resorts to militarism. In fact, in the final analysis, it is these policies of the imperial court that harm the interests of the gentry and landlords.
They wish that the common people were poor and trapped in their manors and fields, renting land from them, or becoming their long-term and short-term laborers. All year round, most of the final harvest would go into their pockets, and even some happy and white events, birth, old age, illness and death would go into their pockets.
Or if there is a famine or something, you can only borrow money from them and then compound the interest, completely becoming their slave.
The more poor people there are, the more stable they will be. Now that the emperor is clearing their fields and letting the gentry pay the grain together, he is also giving land to the poor, so how can they live?
You can't work in the fields by yourself, right? Some people have called for the restoration of the country and the resurgence of the Ming Dynasty. Then the old practices should be restored, and the gentry should be given preferential treatment and exemption. According to their rank and title, they should be exempted from land tax and dingyin. They might even stop collecting the industrial and commercial tax of 100 cents and give preferential treatment to the gentry.
, that is the cornerstone of the country.
Some people even say that the state should not interfere with land rent and loans. Anyway, this evil wind has become more and more powerful. The emperor went on patrol, made an alliance with the Mongols outside the Great Wall, and also went to the Western Regions. They all kept denying it, thinking that
This is the tyranny of Qin Shihuang and Yang Guang and cannot be imitated.
We should put our horses in Nanshan, put our weapons into storage, and recuperate. It is best to seal off the country and live behind closed doors, without interfering too much in external affairs.
He also said that moving the people to Taiwan, Hainan, Liaodong, and the northern part of the Great Wall is a policy that harms the people and harms the people. The people should not be tortured like this, and they should not be forced to leave their hometowns and leave their ancestral graves unattended.
"We have just driven away the Tartars, but we can still annihilate them. Now that we have not lived in the good days, some people want to counterattack and return to the old days. Is this betrayal? Mr. Wen
, you are the chief minister, how do you think the court should respond to the current trend of evil in the government and the opposition?" Of course Wen Anzhi is aware of the current direction of this trend,
"I think we should treat it with caution and never act too hastily." Mobile reading "Xiao♂Shuoba→" provides you with wonderful novels to read.
