"The Han Dynasty set up a pass here. It was first named Yongji Pass, and later it was renamed Jieshou Pass and Danang Pass. In the early years of Hongwu in our dynasty, in order to consolidate the southern border, the pass was rebuilt into a two-story gatehouse, and later it was renamed Zhennan Pass.
Pass. Several forts were also built on the steep walls of Jinji Mountain to control the gate. In the past when the sea route was not popular, this was an important pass through Jiaozhi and a fortress in southern Xinjiang."
The mountains overlap and the valleys are deep and forested.
Yang Lian, the guerrilla general stationed at Zhennanguan, introduced it to Zeng Ying, the admiral of the Guangxi defense camp.
Zeng Ying was a native of Sichuan. He was a scholar and had a good family background. He was known as Mr. Zeng. He was a man with a very good reputation for his righteousness. During the Chongzhen Dynasty, he fought against Zhang Xianzhong and became famous in Bashu. He recruited an armed force and once divided the Shu region.
There is also a ferocious scar on his handsome face, which was stabbed by Zhang Xianzhong when he was defeated by Zhang Xianzhong in his early years. However, he survived the disaster and jumped off a cliff into a river. He was rescued by Dong Qiongying, the daughter of a chieftain leader.
, and also brought a battalion of chieftain female barbarians to help him recruit troops again, and finally defeated Zhang Xianzhong.
After the ups and downs of the past few years, Mr. Zeng now serves as the Admiral of the Imperial Camp of Guangxi, and he is obviously much calmer.
When the warlords from all sides were fighting in Shu, Mr. Zeng had a hot temper and started fighting if he disagreed. This was also related to the environment. He initially led troops to mutiny to rebel against Wen Anzhi, but in the end he was invited to be imprisoned and captured by a scholar and manager.
, sent to the capital to listen to the emperor's announcement.
Fortunately, the emperor did not kill him. He just let him sit on the bench in Beijing for a few years. After that, he briefly went out to fight a few battles. It was not until this year that he was finally officially released again, and he was directly the admiral of the Guangxi imperial camp. This
This was something he couldn't believe. He thought he would just sit on the bench in Beijing until he died.
"Woo!"
There is a horn sound.
"There are Yue people coming from outside the customs."
Zeng Ying looked at Yang Lian, then looked at Guan Guan and the forts on the mountains outside Guan Guan, feeling very calm.
With these giant cannons and the muskets of the guards, no matter how many Annan people came here, they still had to fill in the ravine. There was even a long-lost impulse in his heart, which he had been holding back for a long time in the past few years.
A group of cavalry rode to the pass at night.
"It's a group of nearby villagers."
"Are they coming to trade on the mutual market? Tell them that during the war, entry into the mutual market is suspended."
Captain Ye Bushou entered the customs and reported to Zeng Ying face to face.
"Those people are not here to trade, they have other things to do."
"What's up?"
"They came to complain and said they wanted to sue General Yang Lian."
Zeng Ying looked at Yang Lian, "Does General Yang know what this is?"
Yang Lian was confused and even felt innocent.
He has been guarding Zhennanguan for more than a year, but he is not from Guangxi, nor is he an old Guangxi army. He is from Taizhou in eastern Zhejiang and a soldier of the Haimen Guard. He was originally a servant of Wu Kai. When the emperor raised troops and claimed to be a prisoner
China, the first stop heading south from Haining is Haimenwei.
The Haimen Guards had more than 5,000 guards, and the Haimen Association Camp had 3,000 soldiers. However, when the emperor arrived, there were only 120 soldiers who could fight. These were the servants of Wu Kai and his officers.
As a general, Wu Kai had twenty servants, and Yang Lian was one of them.
I followed Wu Kai on a double salary, and I was doing pretty well at that time, doing smuggling and even cheating on others sometimes, but I couldn't say that I had a bright future, so I just had to wait for death anyway. It was after meeting the emperor that I followed him.
Long Qibing, from a servant who was just waiting for death, to the guard general of Zhennan Pass in Guangxi Imperial Camp, and to the third rank of military attache.
He has a large number of men under him, more than a thousand brothers, who are the elite of the royal camp.
The fact that he is able to survive till now is not only due to the good deeds of his ancestors, which allowed him to meet the emperor who had just launched an army, but also to his good luck and bravery in battle.
Anyway, Wu Kai is now a hereditary prince and governor. Nine of the twenty servants he had then are still alive, and at worst they are guerrilla generals like him.
Back then, there were 120 servants in Haimen camp who followed Wu Kai to follow the emperor, but now there are dozens of generals.
After coming to Zhennanguan for more than a year, Yang Lian is still very down-to-earth and hard-working, and he also pays attention to his status. He has never done such things as taking soldiers' pay and blood, secretly smuggling, or even suppressing bandits and gangsters, and he has no chance to do it.
Although he is a guerrilla, as a commander with two battalions under his command, the various military attaches are also closely linked and supervise each other. He cannot act as randomly as Wu Kai did before.
"The military sect, even the last general doesn't know why they are here."
Zeng Ying asked Ye Bu to accept the captain, "Bring them in, and I will come to inquire in person. If there is anything, you can also confront Yang Guobi."
Those Annan people were taken into the pass.
They were brought to Zeng Ying. Zeng Ying found that these people were dark and thin, and they were no different from Guangxi people. Especially their clothes and even their speech were all in Chinese with a local Guangxi accent.
It's actually Chinese.
Zeng Ying has been sitting on the bench in Beijing for the past few years. One of his great achievements is that he has learned Mandarin so well that he can even speak without a hint of Sichuan accent.
Most people can't understand the Chinese spoken here in Zhennanguan, but if you listen carefully, you can tell that it is indeed Chinese.
"Don't worry, tell me slowly, who are you, and why are you suing Yang Guerba? This town is Zeng Ying, the admiral of the Guangxi Defense Camp. You can tell me anything you want."
Zeng Ying basically couldn't understand what those people said, so he had someone translate it for him.
"We heard that we are forming regiments to train rural soldiers recently. Many villages have been issued with swords, guns, bows and arrows, and the selected ones also have pay and rations. How come we don't have any?"
Yang Lian looked at these people innocently.
"Recently, we have indeed been organizing and training groups to train rural soldiers along the border, distributing weapons, organizing border patrols, etc., and will also provide some subsidies in money and food to rural soldiers when they are on duty, but this is only for the Han people in the pass."
"We are also Han people, and our ancestors have been Han people for generations."
The mountain people refused and said angrily.
"We have always been citizens of the Ming Dynasty and Han people."
"But aren't you in Guannan? Just now you said you live by the Qiqiong River in Tongdeng."
"The entire Annan is the territory of the Ming Dynasty, and it has always been under the jurisdiction of the Annan Governor."
The mountain people were anxious.
Why should they be treated differently across the border? They also have many relatives and friends hereditary marriages, and they have all received many benefits.
They were given money, clothes, swords, guns, bows and arrows, and food and salary for patrols. I heard that if Zheng's spies were caught, there would be rewards.
They are envious.
Zeng Ying originally thought that Yang Lian's soldiers were looting and harming the people outside the pass. He had previously announced that Gaoping, Langshan and other places outside Zhennan Pass were bounded by the watershed, and the river flowing northward reached the source.
They are all from the Ming Dynasty.
Therefore, the Ming army cannot intrude in these places.
Unexpectedly, after talking for a long time, those mountain people actually saw that their relatives and friends here had benefits, but they did not, and they were dissatisfied.
Zeng Ying also made some inquiries and found out why these people claimed to be Han Chinese.
Speaking of Annan, it was actually the land of the Central Plains for a long time.
The Qin Dynasty sent troops to Lingnan and began to set up counties and counties to manage Annan. Later, the Han Dynasty destroyed the Nanyue Kingdom of Zhao Tuo, the Qin official who took advantage of the chaos at the end of the Qin Dynasty to separatize Lingnan, regained Jiaozhi in Lingnan, and continued to set up counties and counties to manage it.
At the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period, the local Han people in Jiaozhi took the opportunity to separate themselves. However, they were eventually conquered and controlled by Soochow. Later, Cao Wei sent troops to occupy the three counties of Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen, and Rinan. Sima replaced Wei, and the Western Jin Dynasty continued to rule Jiaozhou.
Three counties.
During the Southern Song Dynasty, Qi, Liang and Chen Dynasties, although the Central Plains was in turmoil and the natives of Jiaozhou took the opportunity to rebel, they were basically suppressed. After the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, Li Fozi separatized Jiaozhou, and the imperial court sent troops to conquer and pacify it. The Tang Dynasty continued to control Jiaozhou after the Sui Dynasty.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the local tycoon Qu family in Jiaozhou took over the post of military governor of Jinghai Navy and competed with the Southern Han Dynasty in Lingnan. After the Southern Han Dynasty destroyed Qu, the local generals in Jiaozhou still rebelled and fought.
After the Southern Han Dynasty was defeated at Bai Tengjiang, Wu Quan established the Wu Dynasty.
After that, it went through the Wu Dynasty, the Ding Dynasty, the former Li Dynasty and then the Li Dynasty. The Li Dynasty was established in the second year of Dazhong Xiangfu in the Northern Song Dynasty. In 1009, the Li Dynasty defeated the invading Dali army. In the later Song Dynasty, the Nong Zhigao rebellion in Guangxi was defeated, and Li Dynasty was defeated.
The DPRK also took the opportunity to invade Guangyuan Prefecture.
During the Xining period of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Li Dynasty sent troops to invade Guangxi. Later, Songjiang counterattacked and attacked the Fuliangjiang area. Finally, the two sides negotiated a peace.
During the Southern Song Dynasty, Li Chaoyingzong was granted the title of King of Annan, and the kingdom of Annan began to be named.
After the Li Dynasty came the Chen Dynasty. The Mongolian Yuan Dynasty once conquered Thang Long City, the capital of the country, but later the Mongolian army retreated due to the heat in Annan. The Chen family paid tribute to Mongolia every three years, and Mongolia named it King of Annan. Later, Kublai Khan sent troops to conquer and broke through again.
Thang Long City, and then withdrew its troops. After three expeditions, the Yuan army was defeated in Bai Dangjiang. After that, the two countries no longer attacked each other.
Until the Ming Dynasty replaced the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang and the Chen Dynasty sent envoys to each other to communicate with each other. The Ming court also canonized Chen Yuzong as the King of Annan and established a vassal relationship. The Ming Taizu also listed the Annan Kingdom as a country not to be conquered.
But after Zhu Yuanzhang's death, in the first year of Jianwen, the last young emperor of the Chen Dynasty was deposed, and Li Jiya established the Hu Dynasty.
After he claimed to be Chinese Yushun, he changed his country's name to Dayu, because he later sent troops to invade Champaign and forcefully ceded the territory. In the first year of Yongle, Champa complained to the Ming Dynasty, and Zhu Di sent an envoy to question him. Later, the Hu Dynasty showed respect, and Hu Hancang returned the favor.
In the name of the grandson of the Chen Dynasty, he was granted the title of King Annan by the Ming Dynasty.
But later, the relationship between the two sides took a turn for the worse. The Ming army sent 5,000 troops to escort Chen Tianping, a descendant of the Chen Dynasty's clan, back to the country. He was intercepted and killed by the Hu family. The Ming Dynasty immediately sent a large army southward and successively captured its eastern capital, Thang Long and other places, until it forced its capital, Qing Dynasty.
In the western capital of Huafu, the Hu family and his son fled and were eventually captured and killed by the Ming army.
After the Ming Dynasty destroyed the Hu Dynasty, Vietnam's territory was recovered. The Ming Dynasty directly established three divisions in Vietnam, changed the name of the place to Jiaozhi, and ruled directly.
However, the province of Cochin only lasted for twenty years. It was finally abandoned by Zhu Zhanji, the Chief Envoy of Cochin was abolished, Li Li was made king and became a nominal vassal state.
Li Li was a wealthy man from Qinghua. He claimed to have suppressed the rebellion of King Dinh against the Ming Dynasty, and argued with the Ming army for several years. Finally, the Ming Dynasty decided to stop the army.
After the establishment of Le Loi, the Le Dynasty was named Dai Viet. The Le clan paid tribute to the Ming Dynasty every three years. The Ming Dynasty did not interfere in Vietnam's internal affairs.
However, the Later Li Dynasty quickly weakened. During the Jiajing period, a powerful official named Mo Dengyong appeared. He came from a shabby background, but gradually became the general of the Later Li Dynasty. He eventually usurped the throne and established the Mo Dynasty.
After Mo Taizu became emperor, the Ming Dynasty intended to restore the Li family, so Annan finally formed the Li family of the Southern Dynasty, which ruled south of Thanh Hua, and the Mo family, which ruled north of Shannan. The two sides fought for about seventy years.
In the 20th year of Wanli, the Southern Dynasty invaded the capital of the Mo family, Shenglong, and beheaded the emperor of the Mo Dynasty. Hou Li moved back to Shenglong. The Mo Dynasty in the north ended, but the Mo family separatized Gaoping and went to Zhennan Pass to surrender.
After the intervention of the Ming Dynasty, the Mo family retained Gaoping.
Although the later Li dynasty was still prosperous, the Zheng family controlled the government and the Li family was just a puppet. Later, the Ruan family raised troops in the south, so the north and south were divided again. The Mo family in Gaoping also survived, plus the Wu family in Tuyuan Quang
, thus forming such a separatist situation that has not ended for sixty years.
From the Chen Dynasty to the Li Dynasty, the later Li Dynasty to the Mo family, and then the restoration of the later Li Dynasty, the relationship between Ming Dynasty and Annan was initially friendly during the time of Taizu, and was even listed as a country without conquest. Annan was one of the three tributary states of Ming Dynasty.
One tribute per year.
But later, the Li Dynasty was disrespectful during the reign of Zhu Di, and was destroyed by Zhu Di's troops. However, it was only twenty years after the establishment of the province, and the Ming army lost troops and generals in Annan. The continuous blood transfusion failed to last, and the troops withdrew during the reign of Xuanzong.
Although the direct establishment of provincial jurisdiction failed, the Ming Dynasty never really had an easy time with Annan. It kept trying to sabotage it. The Mo family usurped the throne and seized power. The Ming Dynasty supported the restoration of the Le Dynasty.
Later, when the Li Dynasty defeated the Mo clan in a powerful way, they should preserve the remnants of the Mo clan and not let them unify anyway.
From the Qin Dynasty to the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Central Plains had always directly controlled Jiaozhi, established prefectures and counties for management, and also moved many Han people. From the Five Dynasties to the Ming Dynasty, although the Southern Han, Song, Mongolian, Yuan, and Ming dynasties in the Central Plains had repeatedly controlled Jiaozhi,
They used troops to attack their capitals again and again, but failed to conquer them again.
The Ming Dynasty briefly established provinces for twenty years, but finally gave up.
But even so, Annan was a country with the same culture as China. At this time, there were five countries with the same culture: Ming Dynasty, North Korea, Japan, Liuqiu and Annan.
They all use Chinese characters, and they all adopt Confucianism. Even many official systems are basically Chinese-style.
The Ming Dynasty directly ruled Annan for twenty years, and naturally there were many immigrants.
The mountain people on these borders claim to be Han people, but there is actually nothing wrong with them.
"In that case, let's form a team for training!" Zeng Ying readily agreed to their request. Anyway, he had already included Gaoping and Langshan into the Ming Dynasty, and these people were of Han descent, so there was no problem in setting up a team for training.
He even rewarded them with some pieces of cloth and silver.
A group of people went back excitedly.
After a few days, all the villages in the Qi Qiong River area of Lang Son knew about it, and many villages came to ask for money and food to form a group and practice.
Some are Han, some are Miao, and some are Yue, but they all say they are citizens of the Ming Dynasty.
Zeng Ying selected some of the young men to join the group training, and the selected ones were given a set of clothes, shoes and hats and some money and food subsidies.
Many villages south of the watershed were also moved after hearing about it.
They also came here to become a member of the Zhongyi League, and they also wanted to get some money and food, which was quite a lot.
Regarding them, Zeng Ying's answer was that they were in the south of Fenshui Mountain, which was not within the Ming Dynasty for the time being.
But those villages were not satisfied with this reply. Why, separated by a mountain, the people on the opposite side had money, food, clothes and weapons, and they could receive rewards for catching Zheng Bing, but we couldn't?
When these people went back, they saw the Ming Dynasty boundary monument that had just been erected in the village on this side of the mountain. They circled the monument several times, dug it out, and carried it across the mountain.
The next day, they ran over and found the regiment militiamen here who were still looking for the boundary monument. They said that the boundary monument was behind their village, and now they were also common people within the boundaries of the Ming Dynasty.
Tuanlian militiamen reported to the imperial camp, but the imperial camp sent over to take a look and found that they had indeed moved the boundary marker to the back of the village on the south side of the mountain.
This group of people directly extended ten miles to the Ming Dynasty.
After Ye Bu took it back to report, Zeng Ying directly waved his hand. Since these mountain people were so loyal, how could they be let down? From now on, they are the people of the Ming Dynasty. Young, strong and brave people are recruited to train in the group, and they are given clothes and money.
The village on the other side of the mountain was filled with joy after receiving the reply, and the villagers who were targeted felt majestic when they put on their regiment training clothes and picked up their spears.
The next day, the boundary marker behind the village was gone again. A village in the south followed the same example and dug out the boundary marker in the middle of the night to set up behind their village.
The Ming Dynasty once again took the initiative to expand its territory by ten miles.
The villagers who had set up the boundary markers proudly came to report and asked for naturalization.
Then, the border markers of Guishun Prefecture, Taiping Prefecture, Siming Prefecture, Pingxiang County, and Yongan Prefecture on the border of Guangxi during the Ming Dynasty disappeared one after another, and then the mountain people from the south came to request naturalization.
The Ming Dynasty extended the border ten miles.
The Ming Dynasty extended the border twenty miles.
The Ming Dynasty extended the border thirty miles.
The Ming Dynasty expanded its borders for hundreds of miles,
The Ming Dynasty expanded the border by two hundred miles.
Zeng Ying did not send any troops, and as a result, the boundary monument on the southern border of the Ming Dynasty was inserted all the way to the north bank of the Cangjiang River. If Zheng Jun had not stationed many troops on the south bank, he would have crossed the Cangjiang River all the way to Taiyuan or Beijiang.
Then we left the northern mountainous area and reached the vast plain.