As mentioned earlier, Wang Yuanyong of Gaoyang, who assisted Yuancha in the government, was so prosperous that a meal was worth tens of thousands. He had six thousand servants and five hundred maids. He once competed with Yuanchen, the king of Hejian, for wealth.
These thighs hold me well.
Perhaps after seeing Yuan Cha's relaxation after Liu Teng's death, he knew that the situation was over, so he invited Empress Dowager Hu and Yuan Xu to visit Luoshui when they were patrolling south, and invited them to her residence to discuss how to deal with Yuan Cha.
In the sixth year of Zhengguang (525), Empress Dowager Hu and Yuan Xu launched a coup and dismissed Yuan Cha from his post. Empress Dowager Hu came to the court again and replaced Yuan Xiaochang.
Empress Dowager Hu, who came to court again, deprived Liu Teng of his title, dug up Liu Teng's grave, exposed his bones, and confiscated his property. Yuan Cha was demoted to civilian status. Later, someone reported that Yuan Cha and his younger brother Yuan Zha had rebelled.
They all died at home.
Their accomplices were also dealt with, and their power dispersed.
After going through untold hardships, Empress Dowager Hu came to court again, but she did not take advantage of this opportunity. The government was slow, threats and punishments were not established, and the governor was greedy.
Last year (the fifth year of Zhengguang reign), the six-town uprising broke out.
These "six towns" do not refer to six towns, but six military towns set up by the Northern Wei Dynasty on the northern border of the capital Pingcheng (now northeast of Datong, Shanxi). From west to east are Woye (now northeast of Wuyuan County, Inner Mongolia), Huaishuo
(changed to Shuozhou in 523, southwest of today's Guyang, Inner Mongolia), Wuchuan (west of today's Wuchuan County, Inner Mongolia), Fuming (southeast of today's Siziwang Banner, Inner Mongolia), Rouxuan (now northwest of Xinghe County, Inner Mongolia), Huaihuang (now northwest of Hebei Province)
Zhangbei) six towns.
Since it is in the north of the capital, it is in the Daidi area. The Northern Wei aristocrats who still stayed in Daidi can be classified as old aristocrats, and they all have their own opinions on the "Taihe restructuring".
Some say that the Six Towns Uprising was because these old nobles were far away from the center of power and were dissatisfied with it. Others say that it was because the "Taihe Reorganization" destroyed the original supply system, er, that is to say, the wealth of the original generals
They all relied on robbery. After the restructuring, they received salaries just like the Han people, and supplies for these people were not in place, so chaos broke out.
Gou Xiong believes that it has both points.
Regarding the first statement:
There were no prefectures or counties in Beizhen. Instead, the towns were used to garrison the people, who were called town residents. They were mainly Xianbei Tuoba tribesmen with higher status. With the expansion of the territory of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the powerful and powerful tribesmen and tribal chiefs of the Han and other ethnic groups were forced to
Move to the border.
After Emperor Wencheng, he continued to dispatch prisoners to guard the border. From then on, the status of the townspeople gradually declined.
After Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital to Luoyang, the political and economic center moved southward, and Beizhen lost its important military position.
The nobles of various ethnic groups who entered the Central Plains, including Tuoba, accelerated their sinicization and feudalization, while Beizhen still maintained its Xianbei tendency. The townspeople were called "Fuhu", belonged to the military government, were hereditary soldiers, and were not allowed to move.
The treatment and promotion of the nobility and soldiers of the Six Towns of Xianbei and Xianbei were not as good as those of the Xianbei nobility of Luoyang. This policy of excluding Xianbei warriors could also be seen in Luoyang, the capital at that time.
Let’s talk about the second statement:
The emperors after Taihe's reform were Emperor Gaozu Xiaowen, Emperor Yuanhong, Emperor Shizong Xuanwu, Yuan Ke, and Emperor Suzong Xiaoming, Yuan Xu. Of these three emperors, Yuanhong was the most tidy, and the next two emperors were each inferior to the other.
The situation brought about by the relaxation of government affairs is that all kinds of demons and ghosts are rampant.
About the essence of Six Towns:
Even as the ruling class of town generals, the Six Towns were only at the middle level in the ruling sequence of the Northern Wei Dynasty and were not the core members of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
In terms of marriage, there are many records of intermarriage between the chiefs of the six towns and the Han tycoons, and the tycoons of the past. It is not uncommon for the military towns to win over each other, but it is difficult to marry with the noble class of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Han clan.
.
In terms of status, the generals and citizens of the six towns did not experience big changes after Emperor Xiaowen moved to Luo. Basically, the original ruling relationship between the generals and the townspeople in the six towns was maintained.
About supplies:
After Emperor Taiwu, as the war against Rouran gradually decreased, the supply of the six towns in the Northern Wei Dynasty began to shift to a blood transfusion model.
During the reign of Emperor Xianwen, the Northern Wei Dynasty implemented the system of renting and losing three grades and nine grades, which was a system that assessed how much taxes a registered household should pay based on how much its assets were divided into three grades and nine grades.
As the basis for tax collection, the upper-third-grade households in the Northern Wei Dynasty were imported into the capital, the middle-third-grade households were imported into key warehouses in other states, and the lower-third-grade households were imported into the state.
For the six-town area, the third-class nine-grade leasing system provides a supply system from the capital to the border towns. In addition to local tax revenue, there are also supplies and supplies from the neighboring six towns and counties.
The blood transfusion in Pingcheng, the capital, before Emperor Xiaowen moved to Luo, this system basically guaranteed the supply problem of the six towns.
Before moving to Luo, Emperor Xiaowen, who was worried that the six towns would be short of food due to the capital move, repeatedly issued edicts to increase the implementation of the "three-chief system" and search for hidden households in the six towns in an attempt to promote agricultural development in the six towns.
What was counterproductive was that because the marshals in the six towns monopolized the large and small positions in the military towns and formed a common interest relationship through marriage, rural relations, etc., the three-chief system was based on the principle of "five families are neighbors, five neighbors are neighbors, and five families are neighbors."
The system of setting up three chiefs to implement land equalization, which seriously harmed the interests of powerful commanders, has a poor foundation for implementation in the six towns area.
About the climate:
The six towns are all located in the north of China, no, farther north.
As we all know, the climate in northern Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, northern Shaanxi, northern Shanxi, and the northeast is relatively cold. Sometimes it is sunny in the southerly areas, and it occasionally snows in this area. Therefore, for animal husbandry, especially
In ancient times, it was not so beautiful.
In such a man-made and natural environment, life in the Six Towns is actually not good. Moreover, the government is slowing down, the court is fighting for power, and ghosts and monsters are rampant. In remote places like the Six Towns, the demons and monsters that have been suppressed finally find an opportunity.
.
As mentioned before, Liu Teng's exploitation of the Six Towns was really no better than that of Shi Hu's son Shi Sui. The wind leaves its mark and the wild goose plucks its hair.
However, even though Liu Teng was ruthless, he could still endure it. At least Liu Teng was not in the Six Towns every day. What made the Six Towns unbearable was these generals on the border.
Among the towns in the south, the generals on the edge of the town have no intention of guarding against bandits and thieves. They only want to trade and gather money. All their forces are used to loot money. If they encounter a strong enemy, they will be ignored by the enemy. If they have it, they will seize it.
for your own wealth.
All the weak, old and young were captured and used as laborers. They were given raw silk but given empty millet. They worked hard and thinned their clothes. They used their work to save their food. Those who died in ditches and stains over many years, coupled with suffering,
Usually 78 out of 10.
Wu and Chu (here refers to the middle and lower reaches of the present-day Yangtze River) found out that they were short of food and exhausted, so they repeatedly invaded the battlefield.
For such an army, even the armor is covered in worms, but it still consumes thousands of gold every day.
The north side facing Rouran is not much better either.
Since the Jingming Dynasty (the reign of Emperor Sejong Xuanwu Yuan Ke), Beifan has suffered from droughts for many years. However, these droughts are not all natural disasters, but are actually caused by man-made causes.
Here, the general and his subordinates occupied the fertile land and distributed the barren and barren fields to the people. The people could not get enough food from the barren land every year. Over time, this resulted in "successive droughts."
"Illusion.
The imperial court had countermeasures in place and asked the people to expose this bullying behavior. As a result, more than a hundred people came every day, which shows the depth of the abuse and the difficulties in people's livelihood.
Although it is impossible to list them one by one, it can be imagined from these that by this time, the Northern Wei Dynasty had become politically corrupt, the powerful were extravagant, the governors were excessive, and the taxes and military service were heavy.
Many of the townspeople are from Gaoche and Shanhu, and they maintain contact with their own people living in Senei.
Mountain Hus have lived in Fenxi and northern Shaanxi for a long time. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, Shanhus who were listed as households were responsible for renting, transferring and laboring. Shanhus that did not belong to prefectures and counties were still under the jurisdiction of chiefs. The Northern Wei Dynasty often recruited soldiers among them, and sometimes forcibly
migration.
Gaoche is divided into two parts, the east and the west. They have always retained their tribal organization. They live in the six towns and border fortress areas and bear military service and tribute obligations to the Northern Wei Dynasty.
The Northern Wei Dynasty appointed chiefs Shanhu and Gaoche as chiefs or other official positions to rule the people of their own ethnic group who were not listed as households.
In places where towns were converted into prefectures, chieftains became local surnames and were subject to the government, prefectures and counties. Therefore, they had conflicts with the Luoyang government, but also had consistent interests.
Please highlight the key points of the sentence "there is agreement of interests" and be specific. I will explain it later. Oops, the bear has dug a hole again.
Therefore, Gou Xiong believes that these two statements are the reasons for the "Six Towns Uprising".
For the above reasons, these chiefs and local wealthy families took advantage of the civil strife in the Northern Wei Dynasty to take advantage of your illness and kill you! They launched an army to rebel!
The "Six Towns Uprising" is also known as the "Six Towns Rebellion". Gou Xiong felt that calling it the "Six Towns Rebellion" was more realistic, and calling it an uprising was a bit far-fetched.
Well, I spent a lot of space talking about the situation when the Northern Wei Dynasty developed into Suzong, Xiaoming, Emperor Yuanxu. This time it is not wrong, this time it is really not wrong.
After Empress Dowager Hu came to the court, she also suppressed the rebellion in the six towns, but it was ineffective, so she had to ask for help from Rouran and Kunyu State.
It's really ironic. Rouran has been suppressed and beaten by the Northern Wei Dynasty, but now he asks Rouran to help fight against the civil strife. How do you say that? Thirty years in Hedong and thirty years in Hexi.
By the way, Rouran is actually a powerful country. Unfortunately, it has been suppressed by the Northern Wei Dynasty and has not been able to enter the Central Plains. Therefore, there are very few descriptions of Rouran in Chinese history. Even now, there are many in bookstores.
There are almost no books about Rouran, which is a pity.
He sighed to Rouran again and quickly turned back.
Ning Yan received a letter from Empress Dowager Hu requesting Kun Yuguo's assistance. He was surprised and stared at the letter for a long time, rubbed his eyes, and read it carefully again.
He said to Eunuch Hao in disbelief:
"There is a civil war in Wei, and we are actually asked to assist! When did Wei become so weak!"
Eunuch Hao was also very surprised:
"Is the civil unrest serious?"
Ning Yan thought for a while:
"The news that came back is a bit serious, but..."
Ning Yan thought of Tuoba Gui and Tuoba Tao:
"If it were those two people, they would definitely be shocked." (To be continued)