There are small rituals but no great righteousness. The island country learned from the culture of the Tang Dynasty, and in the Song Dynasty, the civilization of the Central Plains had a clear distinction.
Some people think that before the Song Dynasty, the civilization of the Central Plains was an era of etiquette and utensils, and after the Song Dynasty it was an era of etiquette and principles. In the era of etiquette and utensils, utensils were placed according to the order of etiquette. Each utensil had its own meaning, which was etiquette.
The manifestations of etiquette, such as sacrifices, clothes, buildings, etiquette, etc., all need to reflect etiquette.
In fact, etiquette is a class division. In the Tang Dynasty, the nobles played Buddhism and Taoism, and the poor disciples played Confucianism. In the Tang Dynasty, the poor disciples could not play the nobles. So the island country learned the culture of etiquette and utensils, and the Tang Dynasty also learned about etiquette and utensils.
The final peak.
Whether it was the struggle between the party in the late Han Dynasty or the struggle between the Niu and Li parties in the late Tang Dynasty, it was actually the emperor and the eunuchs versus the wealthy families, and the wealthy families against the wealthy families.
By the end of the Tang Dynasty, many nobles had died. After the Song Dynasty, the wealthy families declined, and factional disputes between scholar-bureaucrats and scholar-bureaucrats emerged. Gentlemen and villains began to be strictly distinguished. Gentlemen and villains were not distinguished by weapons, but by reason.
Reason is not simply morality, not simply benevolence and righteousness, but includes all attributes such as benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, wisdom, and trust, and is an inherent essence of all things.
The reason for such changes is actually the same as the Spring and Autumn thinkers' opposition to utensils. The Spring and Autumn period opposed utensils because of the burial culture of "people are inferior to utensils." The Song Dynasty opposed utensils because most of the scholar-bureaucrats were of low status and could not afford to play utensils.
If they also play weapons, they are joining the aristocratic camp, so they can't play with specific weapons, they have to play with imaginary principles.
In this way, the nobles cannot control the right to speak. The nobles can have money, beautiful clothes, and good manners, but they cannot control the right to speak, because the nobles' money, clothes, and manners are not in accordance with the laws of heaven and belong to humans.
Desire. And the most important thing for a scholar-official is to maintain the natural principles and eliminate human desires.
Human desire cannot be eliminated, but the scholar-officials have controlled the discourse through this theory for a thousand years.
Of course, scholar-bureaucrats also have to be divided into a gentleman and a villain, especially in the Song Dynasty, who fought against each other through the elaboration of principles and doctrines.
Although Taoism was created by Han Yu in imitation of Buddhism and Taoism, it officially got on the right track in the Song Dynasty. During the Han Dynasty, Confucianism relied on "Zuo Zhuan", "Gongyang Zhuan" and "Gu Liang Zhuan" to differentiate. In the Song Dynasty, they relied on Taoism to differentiate.
It is believed that Confucianism has not been passed down for a thousand years after Mencius.
Scholar-officials needed a new interpretation of Confucianism, so Confucianism after the Song Dynasty was also called Taoism.
The main distinction between Taoism and Taoism is to see whether Confucianism has received the influence of Buddhism and Taoism. Some Confucian scholars advocate the complete removal of the influence of Buddhism and Taoism, while others support taking the essence and discarding the dross. Then they elaborate on the Confucian worldview and believe that the world is
Made of air.
Before the Song Dynasty, Confucian scholars would never tell others that the world was like this. But Buddhism and Taoism both have their own worldview. In the three thousand worlds of Buddhism, Taoism creates everything out of nothing. One life, two, two, three, and three give rise to all things.
Taoism elaborates on the composition of the Confucian worldview and proposes a new concept of "Li", which believes that the world is formed by Qi according to the rules of Li.
In the past, Confucianism had heaven and destiny, but it was not enough in the face of Buddhism and Taoism, because heaven and destiny cannot be modified by others and can only be obeyed.
Buddhism includes practicing Buddhism, sitting in meditation, swearing, gradual enlightenment, and sudden enlightenment, which promotes that people can become Buddhas through cultivation. Taoism involves practicing qi and refining elixirs to become immortals.
Confucianism has nothing. Although Confucianism praises saints, how can an ordinary person become a saint? The Doctrine given by Confucianism and the ancient kings are too abstract. There must be a way for people to become saints, so there is Gewu, and there is
The principles of all things. By studying things and understanding the principles of all things, you can become a saint.
By the time of Wang Yangming, the philosophy of mind science was to stop people from studying things, but to focus on the unity of knowledge and action. Everyone can become a saint. It has the feeling of Zen Buddhism that everyone has Buddha nature and everyone can become a Buddha.
This is the power of Taoism. What is Taoism? Taoism is inheritance. The Buddha passed the Dharma to his disciples, and the disciples became Buddhas, and then passed the Dharma to the disciples' disciples... As long as they learn the Dharma, they may become Buddhas.
, Taoism is the qualification certificate for becoming a Buddha.
Before Han Yu, Confucianism had no orthodoxy, so except for the three recognized saints Yao, Shun and Yu, not even Confucius and Mencius could be considered saints.
But after the Song Dynasty, the Confucianism of Taoism had its inheritance, "Tianli said, how much poorer is this principle? If it does not exist for Yao, it will not perish for Jie." That is to say, Tianli does not exist because of Yao, Shun, and Yu.
But it was already there. Yao, Shun, and Yu became saints when they understood it. If future generations understand it, they will also become saints.
With the Taoism and the reputation behind it, it is natural for Mencius to be named a saint. They inherited the Taoism of Yao, Shun and Yu and understood the principles of heaven. They are saints and have nothing wrong with them.
Although Taoism does not recognize Xunzi, the saying "Heaven's behavior is constant, and it will not exist for Yao, nor will it perish for Jie" comes from Xunzi.
Of course, the two ideas are different. Xunzi emphasizes the absolute nature of heaven. Taoism emphasizes the universality of heaven's principles, which is to prepare for the investigation of things and knowledge. Xunzi means that everyone must respect heaven, while Taoism
This means that everyone must uphold the principles of heaven, not only respect heaven, but also actively implement the principles of heaven.
Xunzi's heaven is a monitor, which should be awe-inspiring. It exists objectively and is above all things. The Taoist principle of heaven is a method of practice and a way for people to become saints. The principle of heaven does not override it, but is included in all things.
Inside the body, waiting to be discovered.
Heavenly principles and Buddha nature are very similar. It can only be said that Taoism and Confucianism have indeed absorbed many Buddhist and Taoist ideas.
With Taoism, ordinary Confucian scholars can become saints. Facing the Buddha of Buddhism, the Taoist immortals can also stand a chance. Even in the novels about gods and demons, the status of saints surpasses the immortals. Even the Buddha is transformed by a saint.
Scholars also have great righteousness and are not afraid of demons and ghosts.
Otherwise, when a scholar encounters a succubus, he would not dare to fall in love and would have to find a monk or a Taoist priest to eliminate the demon. But with Taoism, the scholar said that the old bald donkey and the smelly Taoist priests would get out of the way and let him fight the succubus for 300 rounds.
With Taoism, people who study Confucianism can also practice cultivation.
In short, the Song Dynasty was an era of the rise of scholar-bureaucrats, and an era in which the economic base determined the superstructure. Buddhism and Taoism, which had been popular in the Central Plains for a thousand years, finally came under attack, and the three religions will continue to struggle in the future.
The Song Dynasty was an era of cultural change in the Central Plains. From etiquette and utensils to an era of etiquette and rationale, concrete utensils were replaced by abstract principles, and the right to speak also changed.
Specific things are easy to control. For example, in an island country, different classes have different clothes and utensils. Women have to put on makeup. If they don’t put on makeup, they don’t follow the etiquette. Men have to go home late. If they go home early, they don’t follow the etiquette.
It is very specific to distinguish between things and etiquette.
But the law of heaven is different. The law of heaven is not a ritual or a thing, but a concept. You can be wild or meticulous, these are all laws of nature. What really violates the law of nature is to rob benefits that do not belong to you. This is a villain.
It is human desire and unkindness.
As for using one's own tools, as long as it does not violate one's own tools, even if you make a mistake, you can just apologize. Of course, your apology must also conform to your own tools, and use your tools to match your tools.
If it is true, it must be guided by the right to speak and public opinion. It must comply with the natural law at all times. If you do something wrong, you must cover it up, because once it is exposed, the responsibility will be huge.
Relatively speaking, the latter is more powerful, because if you cover it up well, it doesn't matter. If you don't cover it up well, you will definitely have to take responsibility. If you just apologize, you don't even need to take responsibility.
Neither tools nor principles can build heaven, but principles allow everyone to abide by the same heavenly principles. Even if you have no money, you can still defeat the nobles through heavenly principles. But as for tools, it has to be rich people against rich people, poor people against poor people,
Because the poor man's equipment will definitely not be able to compete with the rich man's.