Chapter 420: Science and Education Are Not About Dividing the Loot, You Need to Seek Truth from Facts
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The seventh year of a well-off life is the third day of the eleventh month.
Nanjing Forbidden City, Qianqing Palace.
This is the third day after the results of the mathematics and science exams were released, and it was also the first court meeting after the results were released.
Emperor Zhu Ciyu was naturally very keen and wanted to know what kind of impression his new policies and good governance had left on the world's scholars, and how many people were grateful for his kindness.
Needless to say, there were other routine issues at the court meeting. Zhu Ciyu had no interest today, so the topic quickly turned to the scientific examination.
Zhu Ciyu took the opportunity to ask Gu Yanwu, the Minister of Rites, "Gu Qing, it has been three days since the Nanjing University recruitment list was published. What is the response from the people who are candidates for the scholarship? Are all those who have passed the entrance examination actively preparing for admission?"
Gu Yanwu hurriedly came out and responded: "Your Majesty, the conduct of this examination is very good, the regulations are neat, and all the candidates are handled in a polite and decent manner.
There were 1,403 people who applied for reference, and 1,298 people actually took the exam. After the list was announced, a total of 300 people should be admitted. Since most of the people at the bottom of the list had the same score, 309 people were actually recorded.
Because the rankings on the admission list are all marked with points, the high and low are clearly defined. If you have any doubts about each person's test scores, you can also check the details of the deductions in the original paper after paying the notary and handling fees. Therefore, everyone takes the deductions seriously. Scholarships all use this method. This scientific examination is the fairest among all the examinations in the country."
It was Gu Yanwu's turn to report, and he emphasized how fair this exam was from the very beginning. In terms of scoring standards, it was unparalleled in fairness and justice.
Even when the examination is finished and the papers are marked, although Hu Ming is still required, there is no need for people to copy the paper like normal liberal arts examinations. Instead, Hu Ming can directly mark the original paper.
This is also to reduce errors and omissions of details during the copying process. Because of the pure text paper, no one will deliberately make mistakes when copying, and the mistake will not mean much, and will lead to gaps in the grammar and science.
As for the science and engineering test papers, many of them contain numbers and symbols, and it will be very troublesome to copy even a little mistake. Although you can check it again and again, since it is clear whether the math question is right or wrong, and the correction cannot be false, there is no need to copy it.
So what if the marking officer recognizes that this is the handwriting of a candidate with a background?
Is it because the examinee is the son of the chief minister of the cabinet that the marking officer dares to mark the math questions that he answered incorrectly?
Things like mathematics and physics are right and wrong. They cannot be faked. Even if I, the King of Heaven, do something wrong, it is also wrong.
On the other hand, it is also because some questions involve geometric drawing and physical drawing, and the drawing techniques, accuracy and other details may not be available after copying. It is better to use the original paper to revise.
China began to have imperial examinations since Emperor Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty. It has been decades since the 1000s. It has never solved the problem of "absolutely fair judgment without copying". Now the Ming Dynasty has solved it.
Isn't this a political achievement worth bragging about? No wonder Gu Yanwu is so proud of it.
After Zhu Ciyu heard this, he nodded in approval frequently.
However, no new policy can satisfy everyone. Just when Zhu Ciyu was feeling very excited, someone from the censorship team next to him came out to make a report. Based on the public wishes they heard about, they spoke out and pointed out the current shortcomings:
"Your Majesty, I heard from Wang Shizhen that although the examination was said to be fair, there were still scholars from several provinces who complained about the results. The day before yesterday, outside the Gongyuan Academy, dozens of candidates from Henan and Shandong criticized it, claiming that there were 309 candidates from Henan and Shandong. Among those on the list, only about 20 people from the northern provinces were admitted. The injustice between the north and the south attracted hundreds of candidates to watch.
When I thought of Taizu, there was a dispute over the northern and southern rankings. For many years after the Ming Dynasty, we also had the northern and southern rankings to calm people's hearts. This matter may not be dealt with appropriately, but your majesty will check it out."
Zhu Ciyu and Gu Yanwu were originally in a good mood, but when the censor said this, they were both a little unhappy.
This Wang Shizhen is from Xincheng, Henan. He was a Jinshi six years ago and is now an ordinary censor in the Yushitai. Perhaps because of his background, he naturally wants to fight for some benefits for the fellows in Henan. This is also human nature.
In the Ming Dynasty, the imperial examinations for liberal arts originally had North and South divisions, so they did not have to take the same quota as those in the southern educationally developed areas. Now that there is no division, they miss Zhu Yuanzhang's laws.
Zhu Ciyu didn't think much about this issue at first, so he directly asked Gu Yanwu how to deal with it, what the current system design was like, and whether it was reasonable.
Gu Yanwu took a deep breath and replied firmly: "Your Majesty, I think that what Wang Shizhen said has greatly misunderstood Taizu's original intention of dividing the northern and southern rankings! When Taizu was emperor, there was a northern and southern eucalyptus, but at that time the division
There is nothing wrong with listing to reassure people.
Just because there is no first place in literature and no second place in martial arts, it is difficult to judge whether an article is good or bad. Even if the examiner at the time felt that the articles ranked in the top dozens were indeed excellent, it would be difficult to exclude these dozens of articles.
The ideas and political opinions coincided with the ruling power and the examiners at that time. Once a certain faction grasped the power to discuss politics and interpret scriptures, it was indeed inevitable to form a complex academic faction.
Therefore, Taizu’s division of the Northern and Southern Rankings should not be seen as a benefit to the Northerners. It only allows people to take official positions in different areas and express their own opinions. There is no need to stick to the opinions of one ruling faction. If the Southerners were in power at that time, the Northerners would be in the article.
In China, everyone does not cater to his political views, and the Southerners who are in power are also indispensable.
But now the content of the new subject examination is mathematics and science. Right is right and wrong is wrong. The judgment is strict and there is no room for fraud. Therefore, admission based on points will show fairness to the world. Otherwise, some provinces will get 130 or 40 points.
If you can only get admission in other provinces, how will the people in the world think about it?"
Zhu Ciyu touched his sparse beard and thought it made sense. In the previous liberal arts examinations, the most important point was that only rankings were used, and no specific scores were needed. Therefore, the North and South rankings were ranked separately, and no one else could say it was unfair.
But now it’s an objective question. Everyone on the list has taken the test accurately, down to the score. If a person with a score of 130 is not admitted, but a person with a score of 110 is admitted, it will really impact people’s outlook on life.
After all, they were still from the Ming Dynasty, and there were no time travellers. I wonder if future generations would gradually understand the situation where the score lines differed greatly from province to province. In Gu Yanwu's eyes, papers that can clarify scores should be handled in a business-like manner, not
Carry out profit transfer.
Zhu Ciyu felt that both sides had a point, so he allowed the ministers to speak freely and evaluate the pros and cons. Everyone had different opinions, and it was difficult to reach a conclusion for the time being, so Zhu Ciyu had to announce that the court would be dismissed and the discussion would be discussed another day.
…
After the dynasty dispersed, Zhu Ciyu returned to the Wenhua Palace and asked the eunuchs to invite his father. He also invited Zhang Huangyan, Gu Yanwu and others alone to discuss matters behind closed doors.
Since Zhu Ciyu visited Beijing in the south, the proportion of pro-government activities has increased. Zhu Shuren did not want to be too tired, so he completely left the daily court meetings to his son. He himself excused himself from going to court for a long time.
After all, at a court meeting, in front of hundreds of officials, it would still be quite awkward for a son to offer his father a seat, or even allow him to sit sideways and above the imperial level. No matter how high the courtesy is, it is against the court's laws, and no matter how low the courtesy is, it violates the filial piety of father and son. Since
In this case, it is better not to go to court.
Anyway, Zhu Shuren's refusal to go to court does not mean that he does not participate in politics at all. He just completely threw away the red tape and ceremonial work, and did not care about daily minor matters. However, people still came to ask for advice, discuss and make decisions on major political policies, such as right and wrong.
Zhu Ciyu also respected his senior cabinet ministers very much. Whenever he consulted his father, if he invited Zhang Huangyan, Shi Kefa and others at the same time, he would also give him a seat.
After everyone sat down, Zhu Ciyu motioned to Gu Yanwu to relay the public sentiments reported by the censors at today's court meeting, and asked his father to make up his mind.
Zhu Shuren thought about it carefully and said unceremoniously: "I believe that government affairs cannot be changed overnight. Although Nanjing University adopts a method similar to the scientific examination for admission, it is not an imperial examination after all.
Those who enroll in school do not mean that they can become officials. They have to study hard for several years and pass the exam after graduation. Even if they can become officials in the future, the original intention of the court to train these talents is not only to let them become officials, but also to set aside some of them to do so.
Research.
In this case, it is natural to select people who are dedicated to learning and willing to engage in research. This is not the court's attempt to win over people's hearts and imprison people with lofty ideals. What scientific research requires is to seek truth from facts. The current law can not be changed for five years, or even ten years.
, just declare to the world the original intention and painstaking efforts of the imperial court to establish the new department."
Only with Zhu Shuren's status, he dared to say such things in private in front of the emperor, and openly described the old-style liberal arts imperial examination as a kind of "spoils of power."
Anyway, what I read from the Four Books and Five Classics has no practical use for governing the country. I just need to give everyone an explanation so that everyone can vent their excess energy through a channel and stop thinking wildly.
New learning requires hard work, and what you learn must be practical. How can you be confused?
Zhu Ciyu thought about it for a while and felt suddenly enlightened. Sure enough, he still had to stand firm and not engage in science, technology, culture and education with the mentality of dividing the spoils.
He continued to ask for advice humbly: "What about five or ten years from now? So what?"
Zhu Shuren took a sip of tea and said: "In the way of science and education, seeking truth from facts is the first priority, and fairness is the second priority. In the future, admission quotas can be allocated proportionally according to the taxable population, military service, and corvee service in each province.
However, these measures can only be implemented after the imperial court's science and education undertakings have established some foundations. By then, the teaching staff will be sufficient, and the number of people admitted to Nanjing University each year can also be increased, and then they will be appropriately lenient in entry and strict in exit.
Admissions are based on provinces at the time of admission, giving more learning opportunities to students who are interested in science in areas with scarce educational resources. However, if after three to five years of study, they are still unwilling to work hard and cannot make up for the gap when they first entered school, the graduation exam will still be
If you can't pass, then you have nothing to blame.
At that time, those whose studies are not solid enough can be sent back to their place of origin to serve as grassroots mathematics and science teachers. For example, in addition to the current full-time teachers in various prefectures and counties, there will be another deputy position to take charge of mathematics, science, and biochemistry teaching in a county.
Only when the talent base is large can we fundamentally solve the problem of difficulty in finding talents in backward provinces."
As soon as Zhu Shuren said this, not only did the young emperor suddenly become enlightened, but even Zhang Huangyan and Gu Yanwu felt that he was far-sighted.
Indeed, science education work has just begun. The first thing we must pursue is to select the best talents who are most suitable for science and education, and concentrate our efforts on expanding the base.
As for fairness, that is a matter of the future. If there are not even enough basic mathematics and science education talents in various places, even if fairness is taken into account, the people selected will be crooked. For the sake of superficial fairness, if the development speed of science and education work in Ming Dynasty is slowed down,
If you are ten or twenty years too late, then the gain outweighs the loss.
The initial stage of anything requires an iron fist. Zhu Yuanzhang inherited a system that had been in use for eight hundred years, but Zhu Shuren is now starting from scratch. Can the nature be the same?
…
Zhu Shuren's proposal finally went through a series of twists and turns and became the official opinion of the imperial court.
The imperial court announced that it would not consider any changes for at least five years. Because what is most needed right now is to expand the scale of the Ming Dynasty's mathematical and scientific talent pool as soon as possible. It is necessary to educate more practical talents with limited resources. It is not about dividing the spoils yet.
when.
In the future, one NTU admission quota can be allocated to each 200,000 head tax or land tax payable households, and admissions can be made by province.
In this way, there is no need to look at the actual population of each province to determine the quota, because with the implementation of the separation of workers and peasants in the Ming Dynasty, the population will have flowed, especially the industrial population. If the population census is carried out once a long time as before, then
Fixed enrollment numbers cannot adequately reflect the actual flow of the population.
However, considering that the bitter and cold frontier land is also meaningful to the imperial court, preferential treatment can be given to the military service population and the corvee population in the new examination.
Therefore, if each province has a garrison of 20,000 people, an additional admission quota will be added. Children of servicemen can take the exam nearby. Those with a corvee population of more than 50,000, that is, the "national engineering corps" who will engage in long-term infrastructure construction in the future, can also be given
The local province will add a quota, and children of the conscript population can also take the exam nearby.
In this way, it can be regarded as taking into account national defense and infrastructure. The military and service population are respectively equivalent to ten workers and peasants or four workers and peasants, which is enough to tilt the country. But after enrollment, whether you can graduate in the future still has to be a business matter.
Shui Duanping. If he fails to pass the graduation exam, he still has to go back to his hometown to teach mathematics.
After the court's explanation spread among the people, the voice of resistance naturally had to be quieter. After all, the court had already stated that this thing is different from the imperial examination. It is not that one exam determines life, but it will become more and more lenient in entry and strict in exit.
Entering Nanjing University does not mean you will be rich. If you don't study well, you will be ruined.
As for those who still gossip and make trouble under such circumstances, the court will naturally not be polite. The court will not offend people for words, but it will not be polite to those who spread rumors and slander the government. Once any rumors are discovered, Jin Yiwei will
People can be arrested immediately and expelled from their jobs.
After such a combination of kindness and power, Xinxue's admission method was finally temporarily accepted by the world. After more than a month of adjustment, the imperial court released another piece of good news at the end of the year.
That is, after a few years, when the number of NTU graduates gradually increases, each province will be allowed to run its own universities, and talented people can be hired from NTU graduates and researchers to teach locally.
Although universities in the province cannot guarantee that they will be waiting for candidates after graduation, they can solve the shortage of talents in factories, mines and research institutes on their own. Moreover, if a school is run in a province, each provincial chief minister and academic administrator have the right to set their own recruitment examinations.
Whether or not the standards should be tilted towards the provincial students is their own business, and the imperial court will not interfere.
The imperial court is only responsible for reviewing school qualifications and whether the teaching staff is qualified.
In this way, those who want more people to study mathematics, physics, and chemistry don’t have to flock to Nanjing. As long as they are not required to be “assigned to be officials,” they can study in their own province in the future.
After this opening was opened, there was nothing left for local governments to argue about. Anyway, the court decided how to spend the money of the imperial court. Local governments spent their own education funds and organized their own affairs, and the imperial court did not reach out to reap benefits.