Chapter 425 The Horror Potential of Laying the Foundation
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In the fifteenth year of being well-off, the dragon raised its head on the second day of February.
The plan for the year begins with spring. As the New Year passes in the first month of another year, the land of China from south to north is about to enter a new year of spring plowing.
Since the beginning of spring, the rains have stabilized, and it looks like it will be a good year again. The national treasury and local warehouses are full. Due to sufficient cultivated land per capita, perfect water conservancy, and complete cattle and farm tools, almost every household has more than one year's worth of grain.
.
(Note: Historically, the Qing Dynasty experienced a development period with few natural disasters that lasted for more than ten years in the middle and early Kangxi years. However, in the 17th and 18th years of Kangxi, there were two years of severe drought across the country, but the corresponding period should be from
The 16th year of moderate prosperity will begin, which is next year.
Zhu Shuren did not know this situation, and it was impossible for him to read history in such detail in his previous life. In the 18th year of Kangxi's reign, an earthquake occurred throughout Hebei, causing the Yellow River to burst its banks. However, the flood was not obvious, because the bursting of the banks was not caused by water.
Too many are caused by the dam bursting in drought years, just because of earthquakes.)
Looking at the destined good years now, the fifty-three-year-old Regent Zhu Shuren, who has traveled through time for thirty-six years, is also very happy.
Nowadays, there are fewer and fewer state affairs that require him to worry about. Emperor Zhu Ciyu, who has just established himself this year, is already very skilled in managing state affairs. In addition, these years have been mainly about recuperation and recuperation, and the court has not made any big moves. Zhu Shuren has maintained his status for several years.
Nian only occasionally listens to reports on major events and does not usually deal with government affairs.
Anyway, he is different from other powerful ministers. Other powerful ministers never dare to give up their power. They are afraid of being replaced by the little emperor again and being liquidated in the future. But for Zhu Shuren, the emperor is his biological son, and he has no possibility of deposing the emperor.
Sex, after so many years, there is no problem with mutual trust. Delegating power will only make the relationship between the two parties more relaxed.
…
After turning fifty, Zhu Shuren has had some new interests and hobbies to worry about in recent years, that is, he can take care of his grandchildren and share a family relationship with his wives and concubines.
For example, his busiest task right now is to personally educate his grandchildren and help them establish their initial three concepts of health.
Speaking of Zhu Shuren's grandsons, it was six to seven years before they were well off at the earliest. Zhu Ciyu visited the South for more than a year in order to negotiate an armistice with the Burmese and Vietnam wars.
When Zhu Ciyu visited Guangzhou for a year and a half, Zhu Shuren made a three-part agreement between father and son before he left. Zhu Shuren said that it was okay to leave the palace for a year to see the world, but he had to take the queen and the maids with him, and he must not touch anyone outside.
woman.
In this regard, Gu Yanwu, who was Zhu Shuren's confidant, had always helped him keep an eye on the emperor. During that year and a half, he never let the emperor go out alone out of the sight of the accompanying officials. There were many people following him wherever he went.
Therefore, Zhu Ciyu did not have any interactions with any outside women. In addition, at the beginning of his tour, he had only been married to the Queen for more than a year, and the relationship between the couple was not yet tired, so doing things as a couple with the Queen every day did not feel boring.
.
Later, after living in Guangzhou for a long time, I felt a little monotonous, but fortunately there were many beautiful palace maids accompanying me. Although these women lacked education, virtue, music, chess, calligraphy and painting, as long as their faces were passable, it was normal to have a casual visit, but
There won't be any deep feelings.
Finally, after a year and a half of tour to the south, the queen's stomach was still silent. In addition, the queen had been married to Zhu Ciyu for a year before the tour, which added up to more than two and a half years. This basically complies with the ancient so-called "three years without sex".
"Out".
This also proves that Zhu Shuren and Zhu Yuchan had a good vision when they chose their first real daughter-in-law. The secret examination by the imperial doctors at that time was also very professional. The queen was indeed a sick child who was too weak to be pregnant.
However, one and a half years after that southern tour, not long after returning to Nanjing, at the end of September in the seventh year of Xiaokang, the palace physician suddenly discovered that a palace maid accompanying him was already three or four months pregnant.
Counting the days, it should have been during the two months that the little emperor stayed at the Lushan Mountain Resort on his way back from Guangzhou.
After getting this news, Zhu Shuren felt relieved. The queen made no movement, but the palace maid did. This movement just proved that the queen had a problem, and the emperor was absolutely fine.
This is the result that Daming Jiangshan most hopes to see, and there is no need to arrange further control group experiments.
From then on, another half year passed, and in early April of the eighth year of Xiaokang's reign, the palace maid who accompanied her on her southern tour finally gave birth to a baby boy.
It's a pity that her mother has no relationship with the emperor (originally, she couldn't bring too many concubines with her during the southern tour, and the queen just randomly pulled them in to make up the number after she got tired of it, so she has no relationship). In addition, the overall quality of this palace maid is not good at all, and she is not smart.
The genes are probably not good either,
What's more important is that in the first three months of pregnancy, I happened to go through a lot of travel and travel, which probably caused the fetal gas to be damaged. When the emperor's eldest son was born, he was already more than a month premature. Later, it seemed that his intellectual development was also relatively slow.
, and there are several congenital deficiencies. As a result, it is even more impossible to be a future prince.
However, after confirming that his son was fine and that his daughter-in-law did have physical problems, Zhu Shuren discussed it with Zhu Yuchan and accelerated the pace of finding more concubines for his son.
Starting from the second half of the eighth year of Xiaokang, to the end of the tenth year of Xiaokang, the royal family drafted at least three batches of Shude women who had a good family background, and each batch found at least two or three candidates with excellent conditions in all aspects for the emperor.
A nice concubine.
Zhu Ciyu was twenty-five or six years old at the time, and he was also in his lusty years. He did not refuse drinking and sex, which caused him harm to his body for several years.
Finally, starting from the ninth year of Xiaokang, the eldest daughter of the emperor was born first. The second son of the emperor was also born in the next winter. From the twelfth to the fourteenth year of Xiaokang, three more sons and six daughters were born one after another, which can be said to be a huge population.
In the spring of the fifteenth year of the well-off society, Zhu Ciyu has a seven-year-old eldest son born to a palace maid, a five-year-old second son, a three-year-old son, a two-year-old son, and finally the fifth son.
The son was born less than a hundred days ago, and he was born in infancy. There were five sons in total.
Starting from the second son of the emperor, to the fourth son of the emperor, they were all born to three different mothers. Their mothers are still imperial concubines today (the next level up from the imperial concubine is the imperial concubine, and the next one up is the queen. These three women are now all noble concubines.
, both are at the third level)
Therefore, Zhu Shuren felt that the "good saintly grandson" he needed to cultivate in the future would be born from these three princes.
Because no matter how young he is, when Zhu Shuren himself is old and unable to take charge, the other party may not be able to reach adulthood and see whether he is a good person or good character. Zhu Shuren cannot afford to wait for so many years.
On the other hand, in fact, after ancient men reached the age of thirty, their breeding efficiency began to decline. Even if they were still lustful, with the genes of the Ming Dynasty royal family, it was actually difficult to produce any good seeds.
For example, despite the fact that Emperor Wanli liked Concubine Zheng and his youngest son Prince Fu Zhu Changxun, Zhu Changxun was also the son of Emperor Wanli when he was 24 years old. As the eldest son, Guangzong Zhu Changluo was actually born when Wanli was 19 years old.
In the same way, Guangzong Zhu Changluo's two sons who became emperors, Emperor Tianqi Zhu Youxiao and Emperor Chongzhen Zhu Youjian, were also born when Zhu Changluo was 23 and 29 years old respectively. Moreover, Zhu Youjian was already Zhu Changluo's youngest son.
Yao’s son.
To put it bluntly, people who carry genes from the Ming Dynasty royal family will rarely have healthy children after the age of forty, and they will basically see the end of their lives in their early thirties.
Zhu Shuren thought about this issue for a long time, and also reviewed the historical data. He felt that there were three carefully selected samples that could be screened, which was enough. It was definitely much better than their father's generation who had no choice at all.
It can reverse the genetic disadvantages suffered during the previous special period.
The reason why the young grandson of the fifth son of the emperor was also excluded by Zhu Shuren is because the fifth son of the emperor and the second son of the emperor were born from the same mother. Therefore, even if his mother is made a queen in the future, this child will not become the "eldest son".
At most, he is just the "second son", so for the sake of the stability of the country, he will not be considered.
Zhu Shuren is still very principled. Even if he can control which concubine will be the new queen for his son after the death of the sick Yangzi in the future, he still has to protect the "primogeniture inheritance system" on the surface. As long as it is not a certain concubine.
The first-born male child is still not a candidate.
After observing for the past one or two years, Zhu Shuren realized that the five-year-old second son of the emperor, Zhu Hekun, was actually treated similarly to the eldest son of the emperor (the only elder brother was a sickly and disabled person), so his temperament was also more domineering and resolute.
The advantage is that they are decisive in doing things, but they are also prone to being reckless and eager to achieve great results. They are not careful in their studies, but they can put all their efforts into the things that interest them.
The third prince, Zhu Hetan, is three years old. He can barely discern some clues about his character. He is precocious in learning to speak and discern. He knows more things than his second brother at the same age, speaks more comprehensively, and knows how to distinguish.
Right and wrong. But because I am still young, I can’t tell if there are any other character strengths and weaknesses for the time being, and I am relatively stable in all aspects.
The fourth prince, Zhu He Zhi, is only two years old, and there are no personality problems at all. Judging from the progress of learning to speak and recognize things, he is not as good as the third brother at the same time. He is relatively autistic and rarely communicates with others unless necessary. He can only continue to
Observe it for a year or two and see if there is any change. However, this child is not arrogant and obedient like a child from a poor family.
…
In the afternoon of that day, Zhu Shuren and his three grandsons personally finished reading a natural history illustrated book recently compiled by the Ming Academy of Sciences. It only introduced the classification and origin of various rare birds and animals.
After reading the book, he took his three grandchildren to Jiangning Zoo and asked them to identify various small animals by referring to the atlas.
When the regent takes his grandchildren to visit the park, of course the museum will be closed. This is not a privilege. After all, this is the imperial era, and it is very enjoyable for the people to be able to visit the park.
After half an afternoon of sightseeing, it turned out that the third prince, Zhu Hetan, was the faster learner and more accurate in identifying what his grandfather taught him.
So Zhu Shuren finally took out a new pocket watch just made by the Ming Academy of Sciences last year, rewarded it to Zhu Hetan, and encouraged him to cherish his time and study hard.
According to Western literature, the pocket watch appeared in 1462, but at first it was nothing more than a relatively miniaturized clock, which was no different from a clock in terms of timekeeping accuracy and anti-interference performance.
The real pocket watch that can be found to be valuable in later generations appeared around 1510, so it is not uncommon now. As early as the Tianqi period of the Ming Dynasty, the earliest batch of pocket watches introduced from the West had no clockwork or gears.
The escapement is just a small Western clock.
But now that Zhu Shuren can take it out to reward his grandson in a serious manner, this new pocket watch is definitely not simple.
Compared with the old pocket watches, this new model has considerable anti-interference ability against inaccurate travel time caused by bumps, and also uses relatively standardized gears.
As for the design of the escapement, there are still some problems that cannot be solved for the time being, so the accuracy still cannot reach the level of later "nautical clocks", but it is also very worthy of encouragement.
(Note: Marine clocks generally require that the cumulative daily error in a turbulent environment is at least less than five seconds. Otherwise, the longitude cannot be determined by precise timing and querying the local sun path time difference at the place of navigation. Historically, the West was first established in 1735 by John of England.
It was nearly 60 years ago in 1677 that Harrison built the first marine clock that was suitable for measuring longitude for navigation.
Later, John Harrison spent more than 20 years improving and promoting it before the British Royal Navy used the longitude navigation method. This was basically during the Seven Years War in Europe (1756~1763). In the end, it was the promotion of the war that accelerated the development of technology.
Application implementation.)
Zhu Hetan was very excited when he received the pocket watch as a reward from his grandfather. When his brother Zhu Hekun saw this, he couldn't help but feel jealous and insisted that he would study hard in the future.
In the end, Zhu Shuren also gave Zhu Hekun a pocket watch based on the principle of fairness and incentives, but the technology was slightly inferior to that of a generation and was a product of the Ming Academy of Sciences five years ago.
Zhu Shuren could tell that his second grandson was quite interested in the rigorous mechanics of large ships and cannons. When he was only five years old, he had been pestering others to practice hitting targets with a pistol. Seeing something like a clock that could show the beauty of mechanical violence and precision, he
I also love the house and the crow.
After getting their own pocket watches, Zhu and Kun couldn't help but want to compare with Zhu Hetan, and wanted to know how much the difference in time accuracy between the two watches could be. The brothers couldn't understand the reason, so they argued for a while and finally let their grandfather explain.
Zhu Shuren also taught kindly: "Actually, it's not much different. It's all placed still, and the speed is between two and three seconds every day. The new watch is at most 0.20.3 slightly more accurate than the old watch."
Zhu Hekun felt relieved when he heard that the difference was not big, and expressed that he did not care about his younger brother's new generation of prizes.
After hearing this, Zhu Shuren said sincerely: "You can't just look at the surface and the effect when looking at the problem. Although the two watches are four years apart, the key difference is not in accuracy, but in principles and ideas.
Your third brother's watch uses last year's technology. It already uses standardized gears, as well as standardized screws and rubber waterproof gaskets. Let the designers and researchers of the Academy of Sciences be conscious when designing something.
Use existing parts as efficiently as possible and do not repeatedly design parts with similar functions. This is progress in itself.
Although this will not directly improve the performance of the machinery, it can speed up the design of new machinery and speed up the design update. Over time, the effect will be obvious. This is what I am doing at Nanjing University in the Ming Dynasty to develop theoretical foundations to guide engineering management.
The value of R&D coordination lies in laying the foundation for the past six or seven years, which will not be in vain."
Zhu Shuren's words were actually a bit long-winded at the end. How could his five-year-old grandson understand them?
But Zhu Shuren is also fifty-three years old. As people get older, they are prone to nagging. He has some feelings in his heart, and he can't help but say a few more words every time he is provoked.
As mentioned before, when Zhu Shuren first established Nanjing University, he told his wife Fang Ziling that he was mentally prepared not to provide assistance to the actual front-line research and development of the Ming Academy of Sciences in the first five years of the establishment of Nanjing University.
Even because of the transfer and dispersion of talents, it actually hinders the progress of practical research projects.
But Zhu Shuren believes that it takes ten years to cultivate trees and a hundred years to cultivate people. He must lay a good foundation for the talent team first, so that he can get twice the result with half the effort in the future. He is well prepared for the first five years to be fruitless and tired.
It will take five to twenty years before the speed of scientific research can be fully realized.
Now, seven years have passed since NTU was first established. The first batch of NTU graduates have graduated for more than three years. Those who have continued to study at the school for postgraduate studies after graduation have also been there for three years, and just this year.
After graduation, I changed from a graduate student to a "researcher".
(Note: According to the systems of NTU and Ming Dynasty Academy of Sciences, those who continue to study at the school for internship and further study after graduation are called "graduate students" and are considered trainee researchers. After graduation, they can be officially converted to full-time positions and called "researchers" as long as they are willing to stay in the research position.
Go up. If you are an administrative official who has been transferred to another position, he will not be called a researcher.
Researchers can enjoy the treatment of county magistrates of the seventh rank, and academicians can enjoy the treatment of the same intellectuals of the sixth rank. If they are senior academicians, chairmen of certain academic committees, or directors of important research institutes directly under the Academy of Sciences, they can enjoy the treatment of the fifth rank or the fifth rank.
Prefect treatment.)
The systematic training of these NTU graduates and researchers, as well as the integration of NTU professors’ experience in teaching, have also brought about some system design optimization in the field of Ming Dynasty’s scientific research.
For example, someone finally thought of speeding up the overall efficiency of mechanical design and research and development and started laying the foundation for various standard parts.
Originally, in ancient times, mortise and tenon structures were still used for mechanical connection, or they were simply fixed by heating, forging and bonding. Nowadays, we can save the mortise and tenon joints that must be redesigned every time and use standardized screws instead. Use screws as much as possible.
A new generation of thread tapping production tools has also been developed. Although the process cost and speed of manufacturing metal screws are still uneconomical, in actual construction they are not at all cheaper than mortise and tenon joints, nor are they as strong as mortise and tenon joints.
But this has a significant improvement in the speed of design improvement of new machinery. Because the machinery in the improvement process does not need to re-manufacture a large number of parts just because of a small change, as long as the parts are modified, the fine-tuned parts can be replaced.
Any new thing will lose money when it first appears. The Ming Dynasty was supported by the state machinery, and it also had the 50 million taels of silver snatched from the Spanish when they conquered Manila more than six years ago. The two million taels of gold could be spent as desired.
, this matter is completely a matter of sharpening the knife and chopping wood.
As a result, standardized metal screws, tapping production tools, standardized gears, and hobbing racks were all invented and used in engineering design practice.
There are even some soft metal thread rolling processing tools and processes that can very cheaply manufacture structural components similar to later light bulb threads, as well as standardized vulcanized rubber sealing gaskets... These are industrial infrastructure in the field of mechanical design.
This allows subsequent mechanical research and development to achieve twice the result with half the effort.
It is precisely these six years of accumulation and the solid foundation of design thinking that allowed Zhu Hetan to have this new pocket watch that was just produced last year.
Even though its travel time accuracy is only 0.2 seconds better than the one Zhu Hekun had five years ago, given time, the potential for subsequent improvements is limitless.
After all, standard gears produced by standardized hobbing racks have been used, standard rubber seals have been used to initially waterproof, and the smallest standardized screws have been used to fix the casing.
The three princes seemed to understand their grandfather's teachings, but they didn't know how to evaluate them. They just vaguely remembered in their hearts: "If you can do things without repeating them, try not to do them again. Use machinery and decomposition to help people replace repetitive tasks."
"Things" is this ideological outline.
And just when the three princes were still a little doubtful, an attendant came over to tell them good news, which just proved Zhu Shuren's far-sighted guiding ideology.
The good news was brought to Zhu Shuren by the Mechanical Research Institute of the Ming Academy of Sciences. It seems that an innovative product based on Zhu Shuren's above-mentioned guiding ideology has finally taken shape. The leader of the project was also poached from Europe after the Great Plague in London a few years ago.
The Hooker et al.
Zhu Shuren was quite interested when he heard this and decided to go and inspect it temporarily.
——
PS: Why did someone ask yesterday about the era of the new book? I have informed you several times...the new book is about the late Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms.