Thirty-three years of prosperity, 1695. Emperor Zhu Ciyu was forty-eight years old, and Zhu Shuren was seventy-three years old, which was the same as the life span of Confucius in history.
With the complete destruction of Galdan and the complete end of the war against Rakshasa, the Ming Dynasty's expeditionary troops in the north finally withdrew all their troops and sent them to Nanshan to recuperate.
At this time, seventeen years have passed since Zhu Shuren proposed to abolish the old "Da Ming Law" and reclassify the legislation in accordance with the civil and criminal laws when he was well-off for sixteen years.
What he thought would take twenty years to complete was actually completed in fifteen years.
Therefore, the Ming Dynasty is now considered to have reached the pinnacle of both civil and military skills. All the unwritten rules and bad rules left over from the old laws have been swept into the garbage heap of history along with the abolition and reconstruction of the Ming Dynasty Law itself.
The government of the world was also once clean. When Zhu Shuren asked his son, the emperor, to revise the new law, he also increased the official salary of officials, and promulgated a system similar to the one of Yong and Qian Dynasties, but this time he directly adjusted the basic salary. To constitute, add money to wages.
After the statutory salary was suddenly increased by dozens or hundreds of times, of course, we continued to crack down hard on officials' illegal and illegal activities. Those who found that they were illegally raking in money while receiving high salaries, used a wave of killings similar to Zhu Yuanzhang's back then. Officials are heavy-handed.
It's just that this time the imperial court completely occupied the rightful position, and the money distributed was enough for everyone to live a dignified and comfortable life, so the resistance and resentment had to be suppressed.
Official system, legislation, education, talent selection, science and technology, national defense, territorial expansion...the Ming Dynasty's construction in all aspects has achieved great success, or completed the transformation of modernization.
In terms of education, middle schools have been established in every province and capital for fifteen years.
Today, this basic education work has developed to the point where every prefecture has a middle school and every county has a primary school for literacy with basic knowledge of mathematics and science.
Each county also has a public library that allows on-site reading but does not allow borrowing.
The first university established in the province, Zhejiang University, was also established ten years ago, followed by Peking University in Beizhili eight years ago. Then Wuchang, Chengdu, Nanchang, Guangzhou and other places also established provincial universities. Universities in.
As of now, there are already universities in eleven provinces across the country - including the Southern Zhili region.
Because Nanjing University was a central university of the imperial court and was not included in the Southern Zhili Province, and Southern Zhili Province had money anyway, so they jointly established a university in Suzhou and Songjiang that belonged to the Southern Zhili Province.
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In terms of science and technology, Zhu Shuren encouraged Hooke to improve the new steam engine "with a waste steam condensation recovery device" after he invented the Newcomen steam engine in 1677.
After twelve years of hard work, Hooke actually developed the first improved steam engine with characteristics similar to Watt's steam engine as early as 1688.
But at that time, his thinking was still relatively limited, and he completely followed Zhu Shuren's directions. What he finally built had a very high steam recovery rate, which meant that the boiler water was very economical.
However, the temperature of the recovered hot water is only 50 or 60 degrees after measurement, so the utilization rate of heat is still not high - it is equivalent to the Newcomen steam engine starting to boil water from 20 degrees, while he starts to boil water from 60 degrees. Historically, Watt's steam engine could start burning at a temperature close to 90 degrees. Hooker only did a better job of saving water than Watt.
The higher the proportion of recycled water, the cooler the recovered water. The lower the proportion of recycled water, the more water mist leaks out, and the hotter the recovered water. The two indicators of temperature and recovery rate percentage cannot be completely
If you have both, you have to make a choice.
To sum up, if Newcomen's water consumption is set to 10, and the coal consumption is also set to 10, then the historical Watt machine in 1787 consumed 3 water and 3 coal consumption. The Hooker 1688 model consumed 3
Water consumption is 2, coal consumption is 5, there is still room for improvement.
But in any case, being able to recover the hot water after re-condensing the steam is a qualitative improvement.
As for the proportion of water recovered and the temperature, these index issues can be gradually optimized.
Later, after several years of fine-tuning and improvement, by the time the Ming Dynasty overthrew the Junggars, Robert Hooke finally built a steam engine with a coal consumption index of 3, finally equaling Watt's.
It can be seen that scientific and technological progress is also a little fine-tuned. There are actually paths to follow in the process. It does not depend on great people descending from the sky. An awesome thing can appear directly out of thin air.
In the end, Zhu Shuren was very positive about Hooker's research and development, and encouraged him not to throw away the two technical solutions, but to develop them both and use them for testing in different working conditions.
For example, in places where water resources are abundant and coal is valuable, more experiments can be carried out to save water and coal.
And if in an environment like navigation, or even a train crossing the desert (of course, locomotives and steamship engines have not been invented yet), Danshui is very scarce, so you can relatively tend to save water and coal.
Once this idea was opened up and the following scientific researchers were allowed to develop on their own, Ming Dynasty's scientific and technological progress became more and more like a hundred flowers blooming and running freely.
As for the improvement of steam engines, that is just a representative microcosm. There are countless other innovations, and it is impossible to go into details one by one.
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However, although most of the small results are not worth mentioning, the results of Hook's old enemy are still worthy of a few words——
Zhu Shuren also had to lament the inertia of history in this matter, because after coming to the Ming Dynasty, Hooke eventually formed a feud with Newton, and this was not changed by the butterfly effect at all.
So much so that after Hooke became so awesome, Newton also worked very hard, wanting to prove himself and completely overwhelm Hooke.
Speaking of the feud between Hooke and Newton, in fact, readers who know a little bit about the history of science will know that it was mainly because their views in the field of optics were completely opposite and tit for tat.
Hooke inherited Boyle's theory and believed that light is a kind of wave, while Newton obviously believed that light is a kind of particle——
As for who is right and who is wrong, in fact, it has been mentioned in middle school physics textbooks in later generations. This was a rare physics mistake by Newton in his life.
Because Maxwell finally proved that light has "wave-particle duality".
After Hooke invented the Watt steam engine for the Ming Dynasty, because of his outstanding contribution to the productivity of the Ming Dynasty, his influence with the regent Zhu Shuren, who was over seventy years old, also skyrocketed.
On the other hand, because of Newton's historical achievements, a considerable part of this life was divided between Zhu Shuren and Fang Ziling. In addition, Newton in history, after the age of thirty-five, was actually not too obsessed with scientific research, but changed his career.
It’s metaphysical.
Sail against the current, and if you don't advance, you will retreat. Newton, who had been slacking for several years, felt a little guilty when he wanted to fight against the accomplished Hooker.
In order to regain the attention and authority in front of the regent, Newton, who had historically stayed at home after the age of 30 or 40 and was not interested in making progress, was finally forced to go out in person, and worked hard on experimental physics, trying to make something big happen.
Pass Hooker.
The scientific discoveries created by Newton in this life far surpassed those of himself in parallel time and space, which can be regarded as an unexpected surprise.
Of course Zhu Shuren was happy to see this happen. He wished that Hooke and Newton would get involved with each other.
Anyway, the scientific research results that were published will ultimately benefit the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Shuren is not eager to teach them to do the "double-slit interference experiment", and he never wants to repay Eucalyptus for telling them that "light actually has wave-particle duality".
If this answer had been reported, how could Newton have worked hard with Hooke?
In the end, Newton considered that his practical ability in the mechanical field was too poor, and he tried for several years but could not beat Hooke. After learning from the experience, he began to find another way and spent his energy on studying electricity——
Newton in parallel time and space did not do much research on electricity. This was also because of the lack of electrical hardware foundation in that era.
But as mentioned before, the Ming Dynasty summarized the original version of electromagnetic induction decades ago, that is, the phenomenon of "changing magnetism to generate electricity, changing electricity to generate magnetism", and even used this as a guiding ideology to develop
In addition to the small primitive generators at the laboratory level, it has also developed industrial applications of "electromagnet magnetic mineral processing" in the field of motors.
However, Ming Dynasty's subsequent progress in this regard has been very slow. After all, the expansion of the deployment of electricity requires too high a demand for industrial supporting infrastructure.
Therefore, in the decades before Newton started to engage in electricity, the Ming Academy of Sciences itself did not make any follow-up progress, and was always in a state of half-life. At most, it later discovered that electrolyte can be inserted into electrodes to form electric current, creating the original "
Voltaic Pile".
But after Newton was involved by Hooke and was forced to take action personally, the situation was completely different.
After all, Newton was a man from heaven, and his mathematical skills were unparalleled by anyone except Leibniz. Since he was eyeing this research, of course he had to follow his usual style and first analyze all the parameters and calculation formulas that were not quantified in detail.
All calculated accurately.
So, thirty years after being well-off, Newton finally came up with something equivalent to the "Bio-Savard's Law" of another space-time, and worked out the theoretical quantitative calculation formula for magnetism to generate electricity and electricity to generate magnetism.
He also calculated the magnetic flux constant. At this point, electromagnetic induction was finally complete.
Of course, because this phenomenon of magnetoelectricity was first recorded by Fang Ziling and others, Zhu Shuren pointed out that Newton only contributed to the calculation of magnetic flux constants and precise calculation formulas, so when naming scientific laws, several people still have to add their names.
surname.
After developing a complete set of quantitative calculation formulas for electromagnetic induction, subsequent research will have a sufficient theoretical basis.
After some investigation, Newton found that Ming Dynasty's original attempt to create natural permanent magnets using electromagnetic induction was too inefficient, too energy-consuming, and not cost-effective.
So Newton used the calculation formulas and laws he discovered to figure out how to use the phenomenon of "changing electricity to generate magnetism" more efficiently.
Finally, after two years of failure, Newton struck a whim and stared at the lightning in the sky - he felt that lightning must have huge electrical energy, but the electrical energy could not be stored.
But since there is electromagnetic induction, and changes in electricity can generate magnetism, is it possible to magnetize an iron rod wrapped with insulated copper wire through lightning and store the electrical energy of lightning in the form of a permanent magnet?
I have to say that no one has ever done this idea in history.
Because when Franklin in parallel time and space studied lightning, there was no "Bio-Savard's Law" yet.
Therefore, this kind of research is really only possible in the special time and space where Zhu Shuren is located, because the discovery of electromagnetic induction has been advanced and the golden wind and jade dew meet, it is possible to give birth to it.
And precisely because this kind of thing has never happened in history, Zhu Shuren, who only copied historical answers, could not think of it, nor would he remind his subordinates to do this. In the end, it was entirely based on Newton's own imagination.
But for Newton to do this, he first had to study the characteristics of thunder and lightning. Historically, Franklin relied on the "Leden Bottle" to study lightning, an electrostatic energy storage device that was developed by the Dutchman Massenbroek in 1745.
Fortunately, when the market generates a demand, it can always promote technological progress better than ten universities.
Now that Newton has this need and has theoretically deduced the feasibility of this solution, several top universities and research institutes in Ming Dynasty have of course invested in experiments at all costs.
Finally, in 1690, Zhejiang University built mankind's first electrostatic energy storage device, the Lydon Bottle, based on the requirements put forward by Party A's Newton, 55 years earlier than in parallel time and space.
After Newton got the Leton bottle, he also did a lot of lightning research similar to Franklin in parallel time and space, including flying kites to induce lightning. Finally, in 1695, he invented the lightning rod and proposed the principle of lightning protection safety range.
Then, Newton built a large number of lightning rods to trigger lightning in thunderstorms, and then used various methods to separately tie the wound copper wires and insulating bakelite to the iron core, and tested various copper wire winding and binding methods.
The residual magnetic strength of the iron core after lightning strikes under the current passing method environment.
Of course, it is impossible to obtain a stable permanent magnet from the beginning in such an experiment.
In the first two years of experiments, many iron cores wrapped with insulated copper wires were initially briefly magnetized by lightning and then quickly demagnetized.
But Zhu Shuren was very supportive of Newton's experiments and was willing to build lightning rods and cracking iron cores. He also asked Newton to install lightning protection strips on the cornices of the imperial palaces in Nanjing and Beijing.
Anyway, these studies can also prevent the palace from being struck by lightning and causing a fire, which is a profit in the first place. In the past three hundred years of the Ming Dynasty, there were always some cases of palaces being struck by lightning and caught fire every few decades, and the material losses were not trivial.
Even if Newton could not develop the mass production of magnets using sky thunder, he at least saved the Ming Dynasty money for rebuilding the palace.
Finally, after years of research and repeated trial and error test methods, Newton finally summed up a production process for mass-producing powerful permanent magnets using Tianlei, which also allowed Daming to finally mass-produce original DC generators at low cost.
Although the application scenarios and power generation environment of this kind of generator are still very expensive, at least the manufacturing and principle research of related machines have taken a big step forward, or at least it has made an additional fifty or sixty years of progress compared to the same period in history.
, even seventy or eighty years.
All this made Zhu Shuren in his later years have to wonder if Newton could have been able to create all those weird settings in "Stardew Valley" if he had been allowed to live for a few more decades. This guy was really terrible.