Smog is the inevitable result of the continued development of traditional high-pollution industries. Among them, the most serious one is automobile exhaust.
Vehicle exhaust is the most serious pollutant in modern cities. It is also a key factor causing air quality problems in modern cities.
There have been many serious smog events in history. Among them, the most famous one is the London smog event in the last world.
From December 5 to 9, 1952, the sky above London was affected by an anticyclone. The exhaust gases emitted by a large number of factory production and residents burning coal for heating were difficult to diffuse and accumulated over the city. London was shrouded in thick smoke, traffic was paralyzed, and pedestrians were cautious
Groping forward. Citizens' lives were not only disrupted, but their health was also severely damaged. Many citizens experienced chest tightness, suffocation and other discomforts, and the morbidity and mortality rates increased sharply. Until December 9, a strong and cold westerly wind blew away the
The smog that enveloped London. According to statistics, as many as 4,000 people died due to the smog that month. This incident was called the "London Smog Incident" and became one of the top ten environmental pollution incidents in the 20th century.
The London smog incident in 1952 was not the first time that London was affected by smog. Britain has always been a smoggy country, but since the Industrial Revolution in the late 19th century, the smog has become heavier and heavier, and the capital London has gradually become a "fog city".
"" nickname. After the Industrial Revolution, the amount of coal burned in big cities in the UK increased sharply. Cities relied on coal to generate electricity, trains were powered by coal, factories relied on coal for production, and households also relied on coal for heating. Coal is burning
When there is no wind, water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and other substances will be generated. After these substances are emitted into the atmosphere, they will adhere to the smoke and condense in the fog droplets. In the season when there is no wind, the smoke and fog mix to form
The yellow-black fog often hangs over the city for many days. Mr. Lao She, who once lived in London, described this London fog as "black, muddy yellow, purple, even spicy and choking".
In Monet's paintings, the fog in London was red. The accumulated dust and mist hindered traffic, stained clothes, and blackened houses. An architect once reported that he saw sulfurous dirt up to 4 inches thick on the walls.
.High concentrations of sulfur dioxide and smoke particles can also harm the health of residents. After entering the human respiratory system, they can induce bronchitis, pneumonia, and heart disease. London residents have more tuberculosis and cough cases than anywhere else in the world. The entire London
The city is like a suffocating gas chamber.
In December 1813, there was a heavy smog in London. The smog lasted for several days. At that time, people said that they could not see across the street when standing on the street. There was also a heavy fog in London in December 1873. This heavy fog made London's
The death rate increased by 40% than usual. There was also a heavy fog in November 1948 that increased the death rate in London. Usually, the worst affected area is the East End of London, where factories are densely populated and the terrain is low-lying, so the fog is thicker in the East End.
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During this incident, many Londoners felt unwell due to the smoke, such as difficulty breathing and stinging eyes. The number of patients with respiratory symptoms such as asthma and coughing increased significantly. At the same time, the mortality rate of Londoners increased sharply, especially among the elderly and infants.
, among people with pre-existing respiratory diseases and people with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases, the number of deaths over the age of 45 is the highest, which is about three times that of the normal period; the number of deaths of those under 1 year old is second, which is about two times that of the normal period.
There were 704 deaths due to bronchitis, 9 times the normal number; 281 deaths due to coronary heart disease, 2.4 times the normal number; 77 deaths due to tuberculosis, 5.8 times the normal number.
In addition, deaths from heart failure, pneumonia, lung cancer, influenza and other respiratory diseases have also doubled. The death rate in the East District is 9 times higher than usual. According to some expert statistics? This smog killed 100 people in December 1952.
About 4,000 people died? and had subsequent effects - killing about 8?
The British government has always supported it.
The British Ministry of Health reported in 1953 that a total of 3,500-4,000 people died from the smog, which was about three times the usual death rate. However, they regarded the high death rate after December 20, 1952 as
Blamed on other causes: Of the 8,625 people they thought were above the normal death toll, 5,655 died of influenza, while the remaining 2,970 died of unknown causes.
However, some experts pointed out that there was no unusual influenza outbreak in early 1953. How many people died of influenza in early 1953? And how many people who died of influenza were affected by the smog? There is still no consensus in the academic community.
statement.
The London smog incident in the last century showed us that the use of traditional energy has had a great impact on the environment, putting our entire city into a serious crisis.
It is precisely because of the occurrence of these serious haze incidents that the leaders of the relevant countries felt the seriousness of the problem. So, people later paid more and more attention to environmental governance issues.
But even if we realize this, it is very difficult to completely change everything.
Since the traditional energy structure has penetrated deeply into the lives of each of us, our entire country's industrial structure is still based on traditional energy. If we completely cancel traditional energy, it will inevitably lead to social unrest.
Because of this, we must find a reasonable solution to the deep-rooted structural model of traditional energy in modern industry. We must completely change the entire traditional energy structure so that our production and life no longer depend on the traditional energy structure.
But in any case, the three major traditional energy sources, mainly coal, oil, and natural gas, still occupy an absolutely dominant position in modern industry. Although we have now developed many new forms of energy, such as wind energy and solar energy,
, nuclear energy, water energy, and other green energy formats. However, because the traditional energy format has penetrated into the production and life of each of us, it is still difficult for us to break this old energy format for a while.
The three major energy formats are coal, oil and natural gas.
To completely solve the current environmental problems, we need to completely change the traditional pattern of the three major energy sources. We must use clean green energy to replace the traditional high-pollution energy. And if we want to completely solve the problem of the traditional energy pattern, that is
Electric energy, the cleanest energy, must be used to replace all traditional energy sources.
The wind energy, solar energy, nuclear energy and hydro energy we develop all convert the energy contained in nature into electrical energy for human use. Electric energy is the cleanest and most efficient energy that can be continuously used by humans. Electricity is also our modern industry.
The most active motivation in the world.
Many of our modern factories no longer use steam engines or internal combustion engines as power. We have all used electric energy as the power source. Our trains have also begun to use electric locomotives.
However, our airplanes and cars still use traditional energy sources. Aircraft are better off. After all, there are not many of them. And they fly at high altitudes, so the pollution to the atmosphere is relatively small.
But cars are different. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the number of cars is also increasing exponentially. The pollution of the environment by car exhaust is becoming more and more serious.
If we say that in the last century, the main pollution to the atmosphere came from the exhaust gases emitted by factories and enterprises, then in this century, the most serious pollution to the environment comes from the cars and large trucks driving around us.
In this century, although human living standards have improved, almost every household now has a car. Cars have greatly improved the living standards of many of us. However, the widespread popularity of cars has brought about
Two serious social problems.
The first and most serious problem is environmental pollution. If the environmental pollution caused by some factories and enterprises may be in the suburbs of cities, the environmental pollution caused by small cars is in the center of each city.
Modern mankind has realized the importance of environmental issues. The United Nations has also proposed strategic goals for sustainable human development. All mankind has realized the importance of the environment. We all know that human beings, little animals that like to mess around on the earth, if
If we want to survive in the long term, we must take good care of the environment. Let our living environment have no waste gas and sewage, only blue sky, white clouds, green mountains and green water.
The second, serious problem is traffic. As the number of cars increases, traffic jams have become a common occurrence in major cities across the country. Especially in big cities, traffic jams are even more commonplace.
Cars, which bring great convenience to human production and life, are slowly eroding our atmosphere. The pollution problem of car exhaust has become one of the environmental pollution problems we often talk about.
But it is very difficult to completely change all this. Although electric vehicles have become very common, the development of batteries has encountered an insurmountable bottleneck. The research and development of traditional lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries have also encountered difficulties.
Insurmountable obstacles.
Although our small electric vehicles are already very common, small battery vehicles can only provide short-distance travel and work needs. If you want to travel long distances, you still need to take a train or drive a car.
The disadvantages of slow charging and short cruising range of ordinary batteries will be difficult to change for a while. Therefore, it will be difficult for the automotive industry to bring new energy vehicles and electric vehicles to the market. Green electric vehicles are still only available to some people.
New products used. Most people are still unwilling to use electric cars.
If we want to completely change the energy problem of automobiles, we must solve the problem of battery research and development. We must break through the bottleneck of battery research and development and develop new batteries with short charging time and long cruising range.
However, humans have been researching and developing batteries for many years, but there has been no breakthrough. Most of the cars driving on the street are traditional fuel vehicles. It is difficult to see new energy and electric vehicles.
It is time for this problem to be solved. The environmental problem is a fundamental problem. It is a major matter related to the destiny of all mankind. One of the biggest problems faced by modern mankind is the environmental problem.
Now this issue has attracted great attention from leaders of various countries. This issue has been repeatedly raised at the joint conference.
Regarding this issue, we ordinary people feel that it is not about sustainable development. It is not about the fate of all mankind. Instead, we feel that our living standards are getting better and better, but we are getting more and more diseases.
Why are we eating better and better, wearing better and better, living better and better, traveling more and more conveniently, and living in an environment that is becoming more and more beautiful. But the diseases we get are becoming more and more common.
many.
It stands to reason that if we eat well and pay more attention to hygiene, we should get sick less often, but why do we get sick more and more!
Have you ever felt that our modern lives are basically inseparable from hospitals. Whether adults, children or young people, they often go to the hospital to see a doctor. Even if they don’t go to the hospital to see a doctor, they often have various medical supplies at home.
A variety of medicines. Ready to take medicine to treat illnesses.
Not only are we prone to getting sick, but we are also susceptible to some epidemics. In particular, some influenzas come in several waves every year.
In fact, we all know that influenza is caused by viruses spreading from person to person. But if the virus is to be spread between people, a medium is needed. Without a medium, the virus cannot spread.
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Although viruses are very powerful, they are actually very fragile. Individual viruses do not have superhuman abilities. If they are exposed to the sun, they will not survive for a few hours. Without some particles in the air, these viruses will also be very difficult to survive.
Survive in the air for a long time.
The reason why viruses can spread rapidly in the air is because there are a large number of particles in the air. These particles provide shelter for the viruses, allowing them to survive in the air for a long time. In this way, the viruses can find their next host.
Create opportunities.
Just imagine, if the air is very clean and there are very few particles in the air, then even if a virus is breathed out from a patient, it cannot survive in the air for a long time. It may lose its vitality within a few hours.
There will be no more chances of infecting others.
But if the air around the virus exhaled by the patient contains a large amount of pollutants, it will be different. With the protection of these particles, these viruses can exist in the air for a long time.
In this way, it can create a good opportunity for them to find the next host. Therefore, air pollutants are a key factor for the virus to spread smoothly in the air.