On March 15th, the first year of Kaibao, the emperor held a grand dynasty with only one theme: the promulgation of new policies. This event was brewing for nearly half a year on Emperor Liu's side, and was discussed in the Tokyo temple for more than a month, and aroused repercussions among the people.
The "new policy of governing the country", which had many twists and turns, was finally introduced amidst repeated calls.
It is said to be a New Deal, but it is not a reform. It is just a governance strategy adopted in response to the new situation of the Han Dynasty and when the country has reached a new stage of development, which is more in line with the national conditions and people's conditions. Moreover, although it is dominated by the will of the emperor, on the surface,
But it was made by the ministers expressing their own opinions, synthesizing their opinions, and deliberation. The participation of bureaucrats and ministers was very high, even if most of the opinions were not adopted.
The main idea of the so-called "Kaibao New Deal" is to cultivate martial arts and cultivate literature, and to improve people's livelihood and rest. The purpose of all government orders is to benefit the people.
On the issue of reducing the burden on the people, there is a consensus both inside and outside the government. After all, there is no pressure to destroy the country and reunify it. The military damage to the Liao Kingdom a few years ago has also been greatly reduced. Under such circumstances, the Han Dynasty has ample room to
Make adjustments to reduce blood pressure for the people.
In terms of specific implementation, it is of course not simply about reducing corvee labor and reducing taxes. After repeated discussions among the officials, and careful consideration by Liu Chengyou and the ministers, they decided to take the following measures.
The first is the most direct one, which is to reduce the amount of adultery money from the original one hundred dollars per adult yearly to forty dollars, and to increase the age of adulthood from twenty to twenty-one years old.
Regardless of the previous taxation regulations or the two-tax law followed by the Han Dynasty, there was originally no such thing as Ding Shenqian. However, in the southern countries, there were similar taxes, either collecting money, collecting grain, or collecting silk.
Bu. Therefore, in the early days of the Kingdom, in order to alleviate financial difficulties, the "vampire" Wang Zhang, the Third Secretary, also formulated a "Ding Shen Law".
The original stipulation was that every Ding should pay two hundred coins every year and be a Ding at the age of sixteen. With this kind of harsh rule, how could the early Han court win the hearts of the people? How could Wang Zhang not be scolded? Moreover, at that time, there was a large portion of Ding coins.
, failed to enter the national treasury, and fell into the pockets of local Jiedu, becoming a legitimate means for them to make money. Anyway, the blame can be dumped on the court.
At that time, there was nothing that could be done. Without making up money to make money, the court could hardly survive. Even after Emperor Liu took control of the military and political affairs and began to carry out the Qianyu reforms, he only canceled those ridiculous miscellaneous taxes without any action.
money.
It was not until later, when the situation in the Han Dynasty became more stable in Meng Shu and Pinghe, and he began to cultivate his internal strength and prepare to capture Huainan, that Emperor Liu changed the ding money to a "more reasonable" one, reducing it to 150 qian per ding per year.
, the age of adulthood is raised to eighteen.
Although it was still very heavy, there was progress after all. For those heads of Guizhou, it was also a relief and relief. Later, as the situation of the court gradually improved, Huainan, Qinfeng, and Jinghu were taken over, Liu Chengyou once again worked with the people to benefit, and
After Qianyou went on patrol in the ninth year and returned to the court, he lowered his salary to a hundred cents and raised his age to twenty years old. This is still the case today, and the people of the Han Dynasty are already praising the emperor's kindness.
Now, if the tax burden is further reduced, the people will definitely be happy and praise the Holy King. However, the newly grown common people may not realize that originally they did not have to pay this tax.
And for this alone, according to the calculations of the Ministry of Revenue and Duzhi, the imperial court would lose millions of dollars in Ding tax every year. This decree was the most friendly to the people of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian, with Wu Yue as the leader.
For example, they had to pay 350 qian per person every year, but now it was suddenly reduced to 40 qian. How could their favor and recognition of the Han Dynasty not skyrocket?
The second is to adjust the quota of two taxes per year, and to delineate the amount of taxes based on population, land, property, wealth and other conditions. Following the two tax system from the Tang Dynasty, there is a principle that seems very advanced.
, that is, living within one's means, setting the levy amount based on the previous year's income standards, and then apportioning it to the world.
This certainly reduced the court's troubles, but because of the concept of "a household has no owner and guests, seeing the home is poor" and "people have no family, the rich and the poor are the difference", it seems that the rich and the poor are evenly divided, but because of the population
The quotas remain unchanged due to changes in the number of households, resulting in a situation in which the poor become poorer and the rich become richer.
After all, if population mobility is not subject to huge restrictions, everyone is willing to make a living in a wealthy area. If there are more people, the tax will be diluted, and the taxes that need to be paid will be less, and the opposite is true in poor areas.
Of course, if the two tax laws were just drawbacks, it would not have been possible for so many years without being abolished by successive dynasties. This is a tax law that can be adopted after the country's commodity economy has developed to a certain extent. With the help of this system, the commodity economy has taken off.
, social vitality is released.
The tax amount can be changed through the court and implemented through force, but one of the most worrying drawbacks has to be taken seriously. That is the land annexation problem caused by the free sale and purchase of land. This is under the two-tax tax system.
An unavoidable problem.
At present, the situation is not serious, the population is not large, and the land is abundant, but in a few decades, it will be different. Therefore, in order to restrict this aspect, it was decided to increase the land transaction tax and impose heavy taxes. Whenever land is bought or sold,
Both the buyer and seller pay a 20% tax.
Regarding the issue of land, Emperor Liu also thought carefully about it. The so-called sharing of land is not a weapon that can be used against all odds, and with the current level of development of the Han Dynasty, it is far from that step.
At the moment, the most appropriate way is to make policy adjustments on the existing basis, which can also have a great development effect and help the economy take off.
In addition to the above two items, other aspects also reflect the emphasis on agriculture, such as the grain price policy that caused a stir in Tokyo. For farmers, the increase in grain prices is the greatest benefit to them.
At the same time, the policy of building charity warehouses across the country and increasing public grain reserves not only prevented severe famines, but also considered that in good years, the government would pay to purchase grain from the people at a price higher than the market price, killing two birds with one stone.
In addition, since the government collects taxes mainly in currency, in this process, it is easy for people who lack money and silk to suffer losses in the transaction process. A minimum price for merchants to purchase grain is set on a three-year cycle.
In short, the main purpose of this new Kaibao policy is to reduce the burden on the people. It can be said that the farmers of Han Dynasty have received the best preferential treatment since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Of course, they deserve it, after all, in the past fifteen or six years,
It is by exploiting them that we have the strength to build meritorious deeds and achieve great things.
