Liu Muzhi was a little surprised, and his eyes, which were narrowed to a slit, opened their eyes: "I know rubbings are used by many people to learn calligraphy now, but what is printing?"
Liu Yu smiled slightly: "Let's talk about rubbings first. Since ancient times, if you want to copy these texts in large quantities, you usually rely on people to copy the books. This wastes manpower and material resources and is prone to errors. The older the ancient books, the more
It is difficult to preserve because the cost of spreading it is extremely high. As a country and the court, it is often impossible to continuously invest manpower and material resources in this area."
Liu Muzhi nodded: "Yes, so the preservation of ancient books is mostly ancestral collections of some cultural families. The main reason why they are unwilling to sell these collections is because they are afraid of damage. When they let their nephews study these books,
, that is, they were asked to copy and copy these books. However, many people saw some ancient remarks and had some ideas of their own. When copying, they would sometimes substitute their own words or add annotations. This lasted for a long time.
The same ancient book often has many different versions. Since the early Han Dynasty, the difference between the so-called modern classics and ancient classics lies in this."
Liu Yu said seriously: "Yes, this kind of copying for future generations and spreading to future generations is the modern classics, and the originals of ancient texts found in some ancient tombs are the ancient classics. Even Confucius may have an understanding of ancient times.
There will also be some modifications to the classics, which resulted in the dispute between modern text and ancient classics that lasted for hundreds of years in the Han Dynasty. It has to be said that in the end, the decline of Confucian classics and the rise of Taoist metaphysics were related to the two schools of modern text and ancient classics.
This infighting has a lot to do with it.”
Liu Muzhi said with a smile: "Yes, this kind of academic sectarian dispute is just about the academic itself at first, and then it will attack the other party for fraud, and then use political power to attack it. Just like Confucian classics, there used to be the Guliang school, the leftist school
, the Gongyang School and many other factions. Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established Taixue, they have used Confucian classics as the founding theory and set up a certain number of Ph.D.s. Each school is assigned a certain quota, and these quotas will be allocated to some fixed families.
, it can be said that this kind of family has the power to define and interpret the country's main consciousness and ideas by mastering the number of doctors in Taixue. Dynasties may change, but this theory of governing the country can be passed down for eternity. Therefore, this aspect
The competition will be extremely fierce."
Liu Yu sighed: "Actually, this is a struggle for power. For these Confucian classics masters, obtaining the status of a doctorate in Taixue recognized by the state means that they can recruit disciples and spread their branches. In turn, if the disciples
The more disciples, especially the more disciples who are officials and have power, the more they can consolidate the position of the sect. These are the foundation. Therefore, fighting over and over again is about fighting for real benefits. In order to attack opponents, there are endless means.
The best thing is to refute the opponent's classics as fake."
Liu Muzhi laughed loudly: "Jinu, jinu, I really have you. I didn't expect that even the literati's internal fighting for thousands of years can be clearly seen now. Yes, the teachings of the Confucian classics are one by one.
Explaining and refuting are not as satisfying as directly saying that the other party is a forgery! Ancient texts and modern texts are separated by thousands of years or even longer. Even if they are copied from generation to generation, they will definitely be very different, just like this kind of tradition in our military.
If the password is passed from beginning to end to a hundred people, at least three or four of the ten words in a sentence will be different. It is impossible to argue the authenticity of this."
Liu Yu nodded: "Yes, so the Modern Literature School says that the ancient books in the ancient tombs of the Ancient Literature School are forgeries, while the Ancient Literature School says that the classics of the Modern Literature School were privately modified by later generations. Who is right and who is wrong?
It is impossible to verify, but what they want to fight for is nothing more than the number of doctors of Taixue. In the end, the two sides fought for hundreds of years, but the result was the decline of Confucian classics and the rise of metaphysics, and they both died together."
Liu Muzhi looked at Liu Yu and blinked: "Jinnu, what you said so much is to say that only by using this rubbing technology can these articles and classics be word for word. It turns out that
Keep the flavor intact?”
Liu Yu smiled slightly: "Yes, in order to preserve their thoughts and culture forever, ancient people would carve these words on tripods or stones, such as Le Shi Yanran, so that they can be compared to
Bamboo slips are longer and have been passed down better. After all, bamboo slips will wear out after hundreds of years, while stones can withstand thousands of years of wind and frost. This is true even for epitaphs and inscriptions carved for ancestors."
Liu Muzhi said with a smile: "Yes, everyone hopes that the achievements and virtues of their ancestors can be passed down forever. The reason why calligraphy is popular, especially running script and cursive script, is not for writing official documents, but for writing inscriptions, because in
The dragons and snakes written on the stone look more powerful. And famous calligraphers also hope that their unique names can be passed down forever."
"By the way, Wang Xizhi, the calligraphy sage of the Langya Wang family, wrote a masterpiece, the preface to the Lanting Collection, at the Lanting calligraphy competition. It was the result of the combination of time, place, people and people. He himself said that, let
It is absolutely impossible for him to write it again. It is really a pity that such a masterpiece cannot be engraved on a stone tablet. Therefore, the authentic copy of the preface to the Lanting Collection is a priceless treasure in the world. Even if it is taken out
A county, or even a county, may not be able to exchange it."
Liu Yu smiled slightly: "So, in order to preserve the essence of calligraphy or ancient classics, rubbing technology appeared. On these stone tablets, a piece of wet paper was covered, because the engraved words would sink in, so
The wet paper will also sink into these places and no longer be flat. At this time, if you apply ink pad or ink on the back of the paper, the color of the depressions with words will become different from the surrounding color. After the paper dries
, the original words will be displayed. This is rubbing technology, isn’t it?”
Liu Laozhi laughed: "It seems that you have actually studied this. I thought only those who want to learn calligraphy will delve into this. However, this rubbing technique can preserve the original work to the greatest extent.
But it is not easy to copy the text. A piece of wet paper is attached to the surface, so that the paper sinks into the sunken areas. Another layer of dry rice paper must be applied outside to absorb water, and then put on top of the dry paper.
Apply ink carefully, so that the wet paper will show two colors: black and white. The sunken part will be white, while the other normal surfaces will be black. Later, you need to remove the ink, dry it, and rub a word, but it will take a few days.
, it would be faster to just copy it directly.”
Liu Yu smiled and waved his hand: "It doesn't have to be so troublesome. We can mass-produce it, just like how we used to create armor plates in the baggage industry. Do you still remember the wonderful use of the sanding method? And this is called printing!"
