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As an emperor of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bei even took it out for an ideological experiment in order to design an environment where "a monarch with sufficient orthodox nature and maintain trust and checks and balances with military generals", which shows that he was indeed very eager to have a one-time and for all answers.

When asking this question, Liu Bei actually had a tendency to answer, that is, he felt that "Qin Shihuang didn't seem to have much hope."

Because before Qin, although there were no emperors, there were so many princes and kings. There was too much history of the king's betrayal, and it was impossible for military generals not to worry about it.

After Li Su answered, the answer given was similar to Liu Bei's expectations, and Qin Shihuang was not good either.

However, the reasons given by Li Su were different from what Liu Bei expected at the beginning, which gave Liu Bei some hope and some inspiration.

As long as it is not the reason for failure that he expects in his heart, but other reasons, then we will learn and change it!

If Qin Shihuang and Emperor Gaozu did not do it, let’s do more benevolent policies and make up for the shortcomings. Wouldn’t it be enough?

Because of the marks of history, the king and his subjects cannot trust each other, which is unsolvable.

Because history cannot be changed, the bad deeds that have happened have happened. You can't stop people from thinking in that direction. Even if it is not the bad things done by the emperor of the dynasty, but by the emperor of the previous dynasty, as long as there is, future generations will learn from them and form a chain of suspicion.

However, the inability of mutual trust between the monarch and ministers, or the collapse of the empire, can we learn from the experience and lessons of our predecessors.

Liu Bei was slightly awake when he was drunk, sat upright, bowed and asked for advice

"Good brother, tell me how different is the long-term impact of Qin Shihuang's betrayal from the princes and kings of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period on the mutual trust between the king and the ministers in the future? Do you have to re-examine the lessons of Qin's demise?"

Li Su shook his head, "There are too many reasons for the fall of Qin, and it cannot be generalized. The predecessors analyzed it for more than 300 years. In the "Taishi Gongshu" section at the end of "The Legend of Qin", the entire article quotes Jia Yi's "On the Overcoming Qin".

"The situation of offense and defense is different without benevolence and righteousness." Although these comments are clichés, they are still valid today. The analysis of later great scholars is also remarkable.

Your Majesty insists on me that I can only explain one thing with my wisdom, that is, I will explain the influence of Qin's breach of trust in detail, please think about a question first.

After Qin destroyed the six kingdoms, which of the six kingdoms were those who were the ones that Qin had changed his benevolent government and did not take too much weight to the people, and the people would be relatively likely to surrender, and gradually recognized the legitimacy of Qin's rule over it. And which countries were relatively swearing to death. Even if Qin did not abuse the people and impose heavy taxes, they still wanted to destroy Qin?"

Liu Bei's current historical reading level can't be thought about. "Although Chu has three households, if Qin is destroyed, Chu will be the Chu. Chen She is the Chu people. Chen She is the Chu people, and King Huai's appointment was also decided by King Huai. Xiang Yu and Emperor Gaozu were both from Chu people."

Li Su further induces "Why choose another one besides Chu?"

This time, Liu Bei thought about it and said to himself in a discussion tone, "Han destroyed the country first and was assimilated by Qin for the longest time. At the beginning of the chaos at the end of the Qin Dynasty, no one in Chen She rebuilt South Korea. It was later that Xiang Liang asked Zhang Liang to assist Han Cheng to restore Han, which should be the lazy one to resist the most.

The rest of Zhao, Wei, and Yan were restored by Chen She's generals when they were Chen She's generals, and their resistance should be higher than that of Han. The Qi people killed the generals sent by Chen She and restored the country independently. They were unwilling to be controlled by Chu and insisted on spontaneous resistance to Qin. They should have higher resistance.

Later, Xiang Yu established a domineering power, and all countries were submissive, but Qi did not accept it, and Xiang Yu's military strength was restrained for many years. After Emperor Gaozu prevailed, the world returned to Han, but Qi still had 500 Tian Heng, who would rather die than be humiliated.

From this point of view, those who swear to never surrender to Qin are the strongest, followed by Qi, Zhao, Wei, Han and Yan are all busy. Wei, Han and Yan are vulnerable to the Qin army to suppress the rebellion, but there are many surrenders again. Zhao at least fought to the death of Julu, so Zhao ranks third, slightly higher than the remaining Three Kingdoms. But what does this conclusion have to do with the truth that the virtuous brother needs to explain?”

Li Su was very satisfied with Liu Bei's self-study results and answered in a tempting manner, "Your Majesty can see the difference here, and he really has an extraordinary vision, and I think so too.

Therefore, regardless of whether Qin has a benevolent government or not, it will at most only change the resistance attitude of the people of Han, Wei and Yan. If Qin Shihuang is gentler, the people in these three places can gradually soften the recognition of Qin's rule legitimacy or orthodox nature.

Zhao is a little more difficult to deal with, and Chu Qi is even more difficult to deal with. These roots are no longer the question of whether Qin has benevolent government after the unification, but the consequences of the despicable means used by Qin during the unification process. In fact, the specific means have been mentioned before, and in a nutshell, in short, it is "no faith".

The emperor's lack of faith and the lack of faith of the princes and kings, as my ministers have already said, is different. If the princes and kings have no faith, they can be "internationally condemned". There are other major powers to check and balance, and to suppress the people and destroy this country without faith. The ancients would think that this is a punishment from heaven and that it is God who corrects itself.

The emperor has no trust and no external force to correct it, that is, the heaven has no trust. From then on, the trustworthiness of the people in the world has been greatly affected by generations. It is expected that they can establish long-term mutual trust between the monarch and military generals. It can only be a matter of seeking fish from the tree and asking for the blind.

Qin Shihuang and even the six generations he inherited from the "Six-generation Religious Religious" never noticed this problem. They did not think that the emperor's trust is worth maintaining, but just wanted to unify the six countries as quickly and labor-savingly as possible.

Why is Zhao unwilling to accept it? In fact, there was a battle of Changping, and the surrender and the killing was absent. Of course, this was not the case when Qin Shihuang was, but the credit debts owed by his former kings.

If Bai Qi was solemn and did not accept surrender and killed these 400,000 people in a tough battle, there would be nothing to say. Maybe the Zhao people would be convinced by force like Han Weiyan.

Because they are not as good as people in war, not being betrayed, and then making promises and then destroying them, that is what they can swallow. During the Warring States Period, fighting in a dignified manner was not as good as the enemy and destroying the country. This is the orthodox way to establish rule, as stated in "Mencius and King Hui of Liang".

Mencius saw King Hui of Liang. King Hui of Liang asked if the world was evil? Mencius said that King Hui of Liang could be one. Who can be one? Mencius did not kill others?

After that, Gongsun Hong and others looked for the virtue of great unification from the Spring and Autumn Annals, which was also a matter of seeking far and wide. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Mencius's words had not yet been raised to the level of being parallel to the Five Classics.

But from this we can see that the unity of the world is a fixed premise. Being able to unify force is to save the people from fighting and killing again. This is virtue, no problem.

Qin Tangtang can achieve orthodoxy by unifying the force of force, but he is despicable because he used the means of breaking the contract and then breaking the contract.

Changping's betrayal was the lightest of the three times. Zhang Yi promised King Huai of Chu to ced the Shang Dynasty and deceived Qi and Chu into breaking up his friendship for 600 miles, and then went back on his word. This was the heavier of the three times. Therefore, Zhao and Chu were unwilling to accept it. They wanted to fight for the faith and righteousness of the world and destroy the trust of Qin.

And how did Qi die? In fact, it was Qin Shihuang who dug his own grave. He could clearly fight hard to capture Qi, so he just fought on the grounds that "the world is unified and the people of the world will no longer have civil wars."

But Qin Shihuang heard the lobbyist's words of seeking credit, and promised that King Jian of Qi would give him a fiefdom of 500 miles after surrendering, but in fact he was cheating. After cheating King Jian of Qi to surrender without fighting, he exiled King Jian of Qi to a deserted forest of 500 miles without farming or people, and did not give food, so that King Jian of Qi would starve to death by himself.

How can those who are still trustworthy in the world not take the destruction of Qin as their responsibility? The key is that Qin Shihuang finally expanded. The reason why he repeatedly failed was actually because he already felt that 'the world was unified and there was no words outside. I had the final say on what the ancients did, so there was no need to pay attention to keeping trust'. All the knowledgeable people in the world knew that if Qin was allowed to live like this, then there would be no more trust in the world."

Liu Bei felt that his thinking was a little unsatisfied, and hoped that Li Su would explain it to him more simply.

Li Su spent a lot of energy to tell Liu Bei a story that Liu Bei tried to understand as much as possible. Liu Bei was not easy to understand because the materials Li Su borrowed were a bit modern, and it was still a bit specious when modified.

The truth in this is actually best explained by the game theory courses of the Diplomacy Academy in the Later World. Qin Shihuang actually made a mistake of "no repeated game required" after expansion.

Translate it in words that modern people can understand, that's it

If you go to the convenience store downstairs to buy things, the convenience store aunt will most likely not cheat you, because she knows that everyone next door to the neighborhood will look down and look up, and wants to do your long-term business for your life. At this time, it will be unpaid, and you will not go to her house to buy things in the future.

This is a repeated game. If you have subsequent long-term business, you will be ashamed to be trustworthy.

A single game is a one-time transaction. For example, when you go to a tourist attraction to buy things, whether it is food, drink or souvenirs, it is all pitfalls, especially in tourist areas run by Chinese people. There are almost all pitfalls, because Chinese history has taught a single game very well.

Everyone knows that a one-time transaction will severely slaughter customers to maximize their interests, because Chinese tourists will basically never come to the same check-in attractions for the second time in their lifetime (repeated vacation attractions are not counted, those places still need credibility, because I hope you can go there many times)

The temptation that Qin Shihuang was after his expansion was the first time he discovered that he had hope that he would not have to repeat the game. As long as he unified the world, he could use many methods of buying and selling in the end.

When King Huiwen of Qin was King Huiwen, he asked Zhang Yi to break the Qi and Chu Alliance at the cost of cheating and breaking his promises and vows. It was because he knew that after the fraud was successful, the only two great powers that could compete with Qin were cheated. The general trend of Qin's unification in the future was almost irreversible, so it didn't matter to throw away Qin's credit like straw paper.

That is the mentality of a single tourist attraction robbery and black shop after this deal, you will definitely die. I don’t tell you the truth to the dead. Anyway, no one knows that I have never told you that I have never told you that I have no faith.

This is how Qin's situation was originally shameful and valued contracts and kept trustworthy because he had to deal with "international relations". Suddenly one day I found out that after I finished this untrustworthy thing, the "international" thing itself did not exist. So this is the last international negotiation, so it is shameless to maximize the interests.

(Note to emphasize again, here is Li Su's analysis of the process and deduction of the establishment of the emperor's credit for Liu Bei. He does not want to criticize Qin Shihuang. There is no need to blame Qin Shihuang for not being trustworthy, because no one has ever been tempted by him before, and Qin Shihuang has no experience. To be honest, if someone else is tempted by this, he will probably be shameless.

Plato of the West also had a metaphor for invisible people in his "Ideal Country", saying that once a person obtains the invisible power, the moral laws he originally abides will naturally not abide by. Western philosophy later extended this to "absolute power and absolute evil". The Demise of Qin gave this negative example of this ending that could not withstand temptation.)

In the end, he deceived and starved to death by King Jian of Qi, and this was even more so. He was completely arrogant and expanded to the point where "the world was unified, and all the written records and historical books were controlled by me, Qin. Outside Qin, there were illiterate Hu people and barbarians, so I was not afraid."

Many of Qin Shihuang's last distorted operations are in line with the mentality of "single-game, limited game" rather than the mentality of "repeated game, infinite game".

It’s not that he is so cruel and incorruptible, but that he couldn’t stand it after he came to this historical intersection and discovered the temptation that “after unification, you can change history at will. As long as you have a long history, the previous scandals don’t matter”.

In fact, many people have such weaknesses. For example, when players in the "Three Kingdoms" series of games like to transfer all the troops on the national map when the enemy is only one city left, pull all the elite soldiers and generals to the front line, and then crush the advantage and fight the final battle.

But a calm monarch in real life must not do this. What a waste and loss this is, it is just as wasteful as Yang Guang’s fight against Goguryeo. Is the country’s life not going to be done after this battle? Is the game over?

No! Life is not a strategy game with limited endings, life is an infinite game, and you have to continue to live if you are unified!

And gamers have played this role. Can you not let him do whatever he wants before the end of the game?

But unfortunately, no one has experienced this before. Many of Qin Shihuang's styles are in line with the principle of "history is over after unification, so you can do whatever you want. Anyway, I have the final say later, and I will always have the final say."

The technique of burning books and pitting the book has been washed by many people, but one thing should not be washed. What should I burn a book? There is also a saying in Baijiayu, "Occai poems, the bookmakers will abandon the market."

What is an idiotic poem or book? It is about talking about the Book of Songs and the Book of Documents. These two books are clearly written in "The Book of Qin Shihuang" that privately talks about directly killing, but other books are not so serious.

The Book of Songs is a poetic expression of pre-Qin society life. The Book of Songs is an ancient history book. Qin controlled these books, and his mentality was "I wrote whatever I wanted after I was unified, because there was no historical carrier of 'foreign' to expose me, so it was no big deal to starve King Jian of Qi to death."

In the "Song of Righteousness" written by Wen Tianxiang in later generations, there is a four-couple and eight-line sentence about people with righteousness in ancient times. It says "In Qi Taishi Jian, in Jin Dong Hu's pen, in Qin Zhang Liangzhu, in Han Suwu Festival..." There are a few people who came from Han, and there is no need to repeat it.

But by looking at the first four sentences, we can see a clue. Why are the integrity of the pre-Qin periods of the Taishi and Dong Hu's pens? They are all iron-minded historians who would rather die than write the truth? The Qin and Han dynasties were Zhang Liang and Su Wu and other practical practitioners?

Because after the great unification, there was no "foreign" as the carrier of historical materials, it would be meaningless if your historian and his family were killed in order to write a sentence.

During Qi, the Grand Historian of Qi would rather die than surrender. He knew that "even if you kill all the historians of Qi, there will be records in other countries in the world", so he had spiritual beliefs to support it.

After all, it was the first time that the absolute unification of Qin Shihuang had the expansion fantasy of "can absolutely end history", so many operations were distorted. He was not worried about breaking his promise and there was no international supervision.

Not only Qin Shihuang, but also in the century after the collapse of the Soviet Union, several so-called historians jumped out and shouted "The End of History", and then expanded to the point of being completely shameless.

But history will eventually prove that no matter who you are, you will not be able to end history, but will be ended by history.

Everything will perish, but history will not perish or forget it, so don’t drift away.

After the fall of Qin, the greatest constraint on emperors of all dynasties was actually fearing that they would be filthy in history in the future. After all, there was no power to restrain the emperor at that time, and they could only count on future generations.

Especially after the change of dynasties, the emperor also knew in his heart that his dynasty could not be boundless for thousands of years. Since there was a new dynasty, it would be more or less to be hacked, so he should pay attention to restraining.

...

Liu Bei didn't study hard before, and now he has made up for history, but he is definitely not good at logic and game theory.

So after Li Su used "single game" and "repeated game" to analyze the credit collapse of Qin Shihuang and the Qin Empire, Liu Bei was simply refreshed.

It turns out that the letter and the word "Yi" can be interpreted in this way? Qi Chu and some people of Zhao rebelled against Qin and indirectly saved some of the national credits of China? At least let future generations remember a person who was alert to end history and was not afraid of embarrassment, and he would be ended.

Liu Bei was stunned for a while and sighed, "I originally thought that Emperor Gaozu deserved the world, but I just thought that Emperor Gaozu was a Chu person was accidental.

Now I know that Qin was destroyed by Chu and Qi was the cycle of heaven, which was enough to warn future generations in the world. History was really lucky. It barely maintained the credit of China and handed it to me.

In this way, if Emperor Yi had not been harmed by Xiang Yu and if Emperor Yi had really become the common ruler of the world, would the faithfulness of the world be reborn into the state of refusing promises and recklessness in the Spring and Autumn Period?"

Li Su shook his head, "Emperor Yi is not worthy, he is just the descendant of King Huai. The Chu people missed King Huai because he was the victim of being deceived by Zhang Yi's deception in Qin, so the Chu people were dissatisfied and depressed for a hundred years.

But King Huai of Chu was actually a greedy villain, and it was not enough to trust him. If he was not greedy, how could he be deceived by Zhang Yi and broke off his relationship with Qi? More importantly, Qin later asked for help. King Huai clearly said, "I don't want to get the rest, I want to get Zhang Yi." He wanted to get Zhang Yi to Chu State for justice to vent his hatred.

But did King Huai kill Zhang Yi in the end? No! He was hit by Zhang Yi's fraud again, and was also colluded with Zheng Xiu in the harem to escape. Qu Yuan tried hard to persuade King Huai to kill Zhang Yi, and put the world's trust and righteousness first, but Qu Yuan was framed by Zheng Xiu.

Therefore, the King Huai family is just a group of greedy victims and cannot be considered a righteous man. From beginning to end, only Qu Yuan is the only one who cares about national credit.

Your Majesty does not have to assume or expect to use Qin. Although the credit inheritance left by Emperor Gaozu is not the best, most of it is available. Just rely on the existing ones to make up for the repairs mentioned above, so that after the three developments of the Han Dynasty, the credit of the world will gradually be restored. The emperor and the generals are not afraid of each other's rebellion and kill them without fear of each other. It is very good."

The last discussion is actually strictly unnecessary, because it did not affect Liu Bei's decision much, but only caused Liu Bei's heart to avoid expecting other historical hypothetical routes.
To be continued...