Genghis Khan also promoted the Thousand Household System at this time, dividing the people of Mongolia into ninety-five Thousand Households, and appointed the founding heroes of Mongolia and the original nobles of various ministries as Nayan. Nayan means the head of a thousand households. This kind of

The system was also hereditary. In order to maintain his supreme status, Genghis Khan also established a standing guard army of 10,000 people directly under his own rule. This powerful army became the basis for consolidating the Mongol Empire and also

A useful tool in foreign wars.

Genghis Khan also created a new Mongolian script based on the Uighur script. He used this Uighur Mongolian script to issue orders, register household registrations, and compile laws. This greatly strengthened his rule and greatly promoted the development of Mongolian culture.

Genghis Khan also appointed his own name, Shiji Hutuhu, as the Great Judge, responsible for allocating households, and later put him in charge of judicial affairs such as trials and prisons. Genghis Khan also formulated the Mongolian law Dazasa, which serves as a guide for all Mongolian people.

The rules and laws that must be followed have played a very positive role in stabilizing society and strengthening the rule of the Mongolian regime.

Now that we understand Genghis Khan, let's take a look at Genghis Khan's very bloody and violent methods. After completely unifying Mongolia and formulating writing, laws and even systems, Mongolia became extremely powerful. Then Genghis Khan

Then he began the most glorious Western Expedition in his life. Of course, when modern people today mention Genghis Khan, they will definitely think of his Western Expedition experience first. Many of us even boldly speculate that if we continue to

Give Genghis Khan some time, he can conquer the entire earth, but I personally think it is difficult to guess, because Genghis Khan was defeated in the end, and he could not organize a more powerful army in a short period of time. What is the development of artillery in another Western country?

It is also relatively fast, so in my final opinion, even if Genghis Khan is given time, he may not be able to conquer the world.

We will understand this Western Expedition from the beginning: In 1206, the Mongolian tribal leaders at this time held a meeting on the banks of the Hannan River, elected Temujin as the Great Khan, respectfully called Genghis Khan, and established the Mongolian state. The Mongolian state was established

After that, the Mongolian nobles headed by Genghis Khan began to continuously launch plundering wars. The main direction of their troops was to go south and to conquer the west. The targets of the southward attack were mainly the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, and the westward expedition was to conquer Central Asia.

Eastern European countries.

Why did Genghis Khan do this? In fact, we have analyzed this issue in any previous war, but at this time Genghis Khan's Mongolia, strictly speaking, they were a group of nomads. So we have also analyzed it several times before

I have learned that the productivity of nomads is very low, and they generally cannot produce silk or cotton clothes on a large scale, or even make handicrafts, etc., so Genghis Khan’s plan was to rob, but this was not a simple robbery, because Genghis Khan

The soldiers and horses were very strong, so this was a kind of bloody robbery between countries. Genghis Khan used this method to meet the resource needs of himself and even Mongolia. Of course, this also indirectly provided the robbed with

The form of the catastrophe is painful.

In 1219, in order to wipe out some remaining forces of the Naiman tribe, Genghis Khan conquered the powerful country of the Western Region, Khwarizm, so he brought his four sons, Jochi, Chagatai, Ogedai, Tolei, and

At this time, his generals Subutai and Zhebie began their Western Expedition.

At this time, the Mongolian army, numbering over 200,000, marched straight in. They attacked separately in the Irqis River Basin, and successively captured Bukhara, the new capital of Khwarizm, Samarkand, and the cities of Zhidaci and Felt. Khwarizm

King Mahamo fled to the west, and Genghis Khan ordered Subutai, Jebe and others to pursue him. Later, King Mahamo of Khwarizm died of illness on a small island in the Caspian Sea, and Mahamo's son Zalandin died in Khorasan.

The area continues to resist.

Genghis Khan wanted to completely annihilate Zalandin at this time, so in 1221, he led his army to cross the Amu Darya River and occupied Tarhan City. Genghis Khan used Tarhan City as his base and sent out two armies.

They attacked Khorasan and Urgenchi respectively. Tolei led his army to attack Khorasan and successively contributed to the cities of Nishabul and Yeli.

Chagatai and Ogedai captured Urgench. After completing their missions, the two armies returned to Talihan City to join forces with Genghis Khan. Then, under the leadership of Genghis Khan, the armies continued to pursue Zalandin, and finally

Defeat the rest at the Indus River. However, Zalandin escaped alone, and the Khwarizm country was destroyed. In 1223, while pursuing Zalandin, the Mongolian army also penetrated deep into Rus and defeated the enemy!

At this time, Rus was devastated by the Mongolian army to the point of being horrific. There were corpses everywhere, even bloody. What was even more outrageous was that almost all the princes of Rus were driven away and killed. In 1225, Genghis Khan made a triumphant return to the east.

He returned home and enfeoffed the native land and the newly conquered Western Regions to his sons.

In 1227, Genghis Khan's life ended. We can also see how many places Genghis Khan conquered. However, the Western Expedition did not stop because of Genghis Khan's death because other problems occurred, such as being conquered.

Civil war on the land can be said to be a problem.

Therefore, among many issues, after Genghis Khan died, his third son Ogedai succeeded him as the Great Khan. In 1234, Ogedai gathered all the kings and ministers to hold a meeting to discuss the major events of the Western Expedition. Everything was discussed.

After that, Ogedai sent troops to attack Persia, which is today's Iran, as well as Kipchak, Bliar and other tribes. Basically, he conquered the entire territory of Persia. In 1235, it was like attacking Qinchao.

Cha's army was blocked, so Ogedai sent his brother Shuchi's son Batu to lead an army of 500,000 for reinforcements. Since the army of 500,000 can now be reinforced, it can be seen how powerful the Mongolian Empire was at this time.

After receiving reinforcements from the 500,000-strong army, the Western Expeditionary Army was unstoppable all the way, and soon completely wiped out Huacizm and killed Zhalandin. At the end of 1237, Batu led his army to continue marching westward.

The army attacked Russia and captured Moscow and the cities of Kiev one after another. In 1240, Batu divided his troops into several groups and continued to advance into the hinterland of Europe, attacking Bolel, which is today's Poland, and Magyar, which is our country today.

Today's Hungary. In 1241, the Mongolian army on the northern route defeated the Polish and Germanic coalition forces in Lignitz in southwestern Poland. The main force of the Mongolian army on the central route was led by Batu himself, and it attacked Hungary.

A great victory! Then the army was directed towards Venice, Italy. At the end of 1241, the news of Ogedai's death reached the army. Batu led his army to withdraw from the Balkans to the Volga River Basin, with Salai as the capital.

The Kipchak Khanate was established on the Volga River.

In 1251, Meng Ge succeeded to the throne of the Great Khan. In 1253, Meng Ge sent his younger brother Hulagu to lead the army to launch the third Western Expedition. The goal of this Western Expedition was to eliminate the evil forces in Southwest Asia.

The Muciyi country is the northern part of Iran on the south coast of the Caspian Sea today. In 1257, the Mongolian army wiped out the Muciyi country, and then led its army to continue westward, aiming directly at Baghdad, the capital of the black food empire. In 1257

In winter, Hulagu's three armies besieged Baghdad and captured the city at the beginning of the second year, wiping out the five-hundred-year-old black-clad army. After that, Hulagu led his army to march westward, and all his forward troops arrived.

Fulang is our island of Cyprus in the eastern Mediterranean today. Later, because the Mongolian army was defeated by the Egyptian army, Hulagu was forced to stop advancing westward, stayed in Tbilisi, and established the Ilkhanate.

Genghis Khan and his successors definitely conquered a vast area of ​​Western Europe with powerful force. With Mongolia as the center, they established the Kipchak Khanate, Chagatai Khanate, Ogedai Khanate, and Ilkhanate.

The countries that spanned the Eurasian continent formed a large empire unprecedented in the history of our human world.

Genghis Khan and his successors, after three Western expeditions, the Mongols occupied large tracts of land and established four khanates. Didn't we just talk about it? Then the Kipchak Khanate, also known as the Golden Horde

, is the fiefdom of Jochi, the eldest son of Genghis Khan. Its territory starts from the Irtysh River in the east, reaches the Caucasus Mountains in the south, reaches the Danube River in the west, and reaches the Arctic Circle in the north. Its capital is the city of Sarai on the lower reaches of the Volga River, which is today's Russia.

Strahan. At this time, the principalities of Russia had to pay tribute to the Golden Horde. The Golden Horde also took advantage of the conflicts among the Russian princes and often sow discord to consolidate their own rule.

In the late fourteenth century, because there was no concept of democracy within the Golden Horde, we can understand that the spoils were still unevenly distributed. Another was the demonic mentality of not treating the common people as human beings at all, which ultimately led to class conflicts and ethnic conflicts.

Intensified, coupled with constant internal strife, the strength was greatly weakened. Moscow's Grand Duke Dimitri Donskoy and Tamerlane continued to attack, which eventually led to the gradual unification of various Russian city-states. At this point, Russia's strength also

Greatly enhanced.

At this time, the Golden Horde eventually split into Kazan Khanate, Crimean Khanate, Siberian Khanate, Astrakhan Khanate, etc. due to the contradictions we mentioned before.

Khanate. After 1502, these small khanates were annexed by Russia one after another, and the Kipchak Khanate was destroyed.

The Chagatai Khanate was the fiefdom of Chagatai, the second son of Genghis Khan. Its territory was mainly in the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains. When it was most powerful, it started from Turpan and Lop Nur in the east, to the Hindush Mountains in the south, to the Amu Darya River in the west, and to the Amu Darya River in the north.
Chapter completed!