At this time, the Mamluks' most rigorously trained cavalry fired arrows collectively, causing countless casualties to the Mongolian army. The entire battlefield became horrific in an instant, with corpses of the Mongolian army everywhere, and more

was injured, which was a very heavy loss. However, the quality of the Mongolian army was very good, so they were not afraid at all and still braved the rain of arrows to advance. Therefore, under very heavy losses, they rushed to the Mamluk army in a short time.

before.

When the Mamluk cavalry saw the Mongolian army like this, they were instantly frightened to death by this spirit of disregarding death. Although they had experienced countless battles before, the opponent's army was completely different from the Mongolian army. As long as they suffered heavy losses,

There was chaos immediately, and the rest was just a wanton massacre by their Mamluk army. Therefore, the current Mamluk cavalry, coupled with the extremely brave Mongols, were frightened and began to become timid.

Back up.

Hudusi, the Mamluk Sultan, saw that he was about to fail, so he immediately roared, threw his helmet to the ground, waved the sword in his hand, and charged in with the spirit of disregarding death.

Among the Mongolian army, several Mongolians were killed in a row. The Mamluk army saw that their own Sultan was so desperate, so they calmed down and suddenly Mamluk

The Gramps' army roared wildly and fought fiercely with the Mongolian cavalry.

In this fierce fighting battle, corpses were everywhere, but everyone was looking forward to death, so the entire battlefield was extremely strange. No matter it was the Mongolian army or the Mamluk dynasty's army, no one escaped from the battlefield.

In this bloody battlefield, there was a crazy fight. In the center of the battlefield, almost all the soldiers had corpses at their feet, and the knife in their hands seemed to never stop until they fell. Every soldier was covered in blood!

In the end, such a brutal fierce battle lasted from morning to afternoon. From here, it is not difficult to see how fierce this fierce battle was. We can also see that the Mongolian army was not as brave as they boasted. It was indeed so powerful that it was a mess. We want to

It is understood that the number of the Mongolian army cannot be compared with the number of the Mamluk army. It is precisely as time goes by that the numerical advantage of the Mamluk army comes into play, and the Mongols gradually lose the enemy.

The Mongolian general Buhua was so timid that he refused the suggestion of his subordinates to retreat at this time, and even led his own guards to launch a countercharge. As a result, Buhua was so timid that he was shot to death by random arrows.

At this time, the Mongolian army, which had lost its leader, immediately lost all fighting spirit and began to flee. The Mamluk cavalry pursued them and finally wiped out the remaining Mongolian army.

News of the complete destruction of the army reached Damascus, and all the Mongolian soldiers who stayed in Damascus fled. At this point, the Mamluk Sultan Huddus immediately led the army into Damascus in victory.

Let’s talk about it later. In 1517, Ottoman Turkey destroyed the Mamluk dynasty. However, even though the Mamluk dynasty was destroyed, the Mamluk army still occupied a dominant position in the empire.

.So this incident seems a bit strange, but it is a real event in our human history. It is difficult for us modern people to say anything, let alone understand more clearly what they were thinking at that time.

Next, let's analyze other things in this period, putting aside the bloody nature of the war for a moment. What exactly are we going to discuss? I'll take a look, look for information, and let's talk about travel.

In 1254, Marco Polo was born into a merchant family in Venice, Italy. His father and uncle had both been to China for business, because silk was a very scarce item in China at this time, so

The value is very high. The other one is Marco Polo's father and his uncle. They also met Kublai Khan in China's Yuan Dynasty, which is our Beijing today. At this time, Kublai Khan suddenly wrote

He wrote a letter and asked Mark Polo’s father and uncle to forward the letter to the Pope in Rome. However, Mark Polo’s father and uncle had not read the content of the letter. They

They don't dare. They are just businessmen. Whether it's Kublai Khan or the Pope of Rome, they are all big figures who rule the world, so they know what's appropriate.

At this point, Mark Polo's father and his uncle, after returning to Italy from China, told young Mark Polo every day about their experiences in China. Young Mark Polo was fascinated by what he heard. By 127

One year, Marco Polo's father and uncle prepared to come to China again with a reply from the Pope and a gift from the Pope to Kublai Khan. So Marco Polo pestered his father and uncle.

He had to come to China with them. My father and uncle had no choice but to agree to take him with them.

Mark Polo and others immediately left Venice by boat, first went south into the Mediterranean, and then arrived in Iraq. Originally, they wanted to come to China by boat from Hormuz, the outlet of the Persian Gulf, but

There were no ships coming to China for several months, so they had to take the land route instead.

Marco Polo and others traveled eastward through the vast and desolate Iranian desert, and then crossed over the icy and snowy Pamir Plateau. They overcame disease, hunger, and escaped ferocious bandits and wild beasts. After a four-year journey,

After trekking, we finally arrived at Kashgar, Xinjiang, China.

In Kashgar, Marc Polo saw China's large vineyards and orchards, and people's lives were very prosperous. At this time, Marc Polo believed that Kashgar in Xinjiang was the richest city in the world. In fact, from this point of view we

It is not difficult to see that the living environment in Western countries during this period was so bad because they were constantly at war. A Kashgar in Xinjiang would make Marc Polo think it was the richest city in the world.

But not long after, Mark Polo and the others set off to continue eastward. They first came to Hotan, where China produces beautiful jade, and then crossed the Taklimakan Desert and came to Dunhuang. In Dunhuang, Mark Polo admired the exquisite jade

Unparalleled murals and countless Buddha carvings. A few days later, they passed Yumen Pass, saw the magnificent Great Wall of China, entered the Hexi Corridor, and came to Yuan Shangdu, which is today's Duolun County in Inner Mongolia.

Mark Polo and the others met Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty. They presented Kublai Khan with the Pope's reply letter and gifts, and introduced Mark Polo to the Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. Kublai Khan received them very warmly. And suddenly

Kublai Khan also admired the very smart Marco Polo very much and invited him to the palace to tell about his experiences along the way. Soon after, Mark Polo met with his father, uncle, and Kublai Khan himself.

Together we returned to Yuandadu.

When Mark Polo saw Yuan Dadu for the first time, he was instantly stunned! In the later "Mark Polo's Travels", he wrote this: I have never seen such a great capital!

The city of Dadu in the Yuan Dynasty was tall and square. The streets in the city were straight and horizontal, with people coming and going in an endless stream. The shops on the streets were all next to each other, and the sounds of hawking came and went. Every day, goods from all over the country, and even the world, poured into the city.

, everything from daily necessities to rare treasures, raw silk alone has to be transported into more than a thousand carts every day! We must also understand that in Western Europe at this time, the value of raw silk was simply equivalent to gold.

Soon afterwards, Mark Polo followed Kublai Khan to the palace. At this time, Mark Polo felt that the palace was simply unparalleled in the world, with its tall palace, white marble railings, magnificent murals, crystal clear glazed tiles, etc.

Wait, this is simply a place where gods live!

It was also because of Kublai Khan's appreciation that Mark Polo became an official in Dadu of the Yuan Dynasty. Being smart, he quickly learned Mongolian and Chinese. In addition to Dadu, Mark Polo actually traveled to many places. Ling from Zhuozhou

The silks and satins, the arms of Taiyuan, the industry and commerce of Xi'an, the markets of Chengdu, etc. all left a very deep impression on Mark Polo.

But what shocked Marco Polo the most was that in China, silk can be seen everywhere, and even ordinary people wear clothes made of silk. This situation is simply unimaginable in Europe. Because silk is very expensive in Europe.

As we have said before, silk is almost as valuable as gold, so in Europe, only emperors, nobles or big businessmen can afford silk. So this gave Mark Polo the illusion that China is

The most powerful and richest country in the world, far more than any other country in Europe and the world.

In fact, Mark Polo's feeling at this time is not wrong, because wars are going on in other places, the people are in dire straits, and even the whole of Europe is oppressing the civilians for the sake of extravagance and debauchery, and the civil war has been continuing, so the entire European world

, it’s like being in hell, not suitable for human survival at all. But Mark Polo’s feeling is still a bit too one-sided, because we Chinese civilians basically don’t live in big cities, they all live in the countryside.

Farmers, so what Marc Polo saw was only a very small number of wealthy people.
Chapter completed!