During the Yuan Dynasty, there were post roads connecting Dadu to all parts of the country. Trees were planted along the post roads, and a post station was set up every twenty or thirty miles. There were dedicated people responsible for replacing horses and providing food and accommodation. The central high-rise

Orders and local emergencies can be quickly conveyed and received through the post station.

What surprised Marco Polo even more was that the people in North China did not use wood to make fire for cooking, but used a black stone, that is, coal. We Chinese even use banknotes for shopping, which is completely unheard of in Europe.

It is unimaginable. Marc Polo also visited the Jiangnan area and heard the saying: There is heaven above, and there are Suzhou and Hangzhou below. After visiting Hangzhou, he said: Hangzhou is the most prosperous and richest city in the world!

In 1292, Mark Polo and others were ordered to escort the princess to the Ilkhanate for marriage. At this time, Mark Polo had been away from home for seventeen years, so Mark Polo expressed his desire to return to his country, but Kubi

Lieutenant also agreed and gave him a lot of gold, silver and jewelry. After completing their mission in the Ilkhanate, Marco Polo and others set off back to Venice, Italy.

Later, a war broke out between Venice and Genoa. In short, Western countries have always been at war, almost never stopping. But we in China are not much better. We also stop fighting and fighting. However, in China, we usually have civil wars.

, there are not many foreign wars, because our concept of democracy in China has not been fully implemented, resulting in constant civil uprisings. There are more people like Western countries who like to live a luxurious and extravagant life, but all this power

You can bring it to him, and the civil war is really continuing to happen.

But let’s go back to the topic of Mark Polo. There was a war in Mark Polo’s country, so he donated money to build a warship and personally served as the captain to participate in the battle. As a result, Mark Polo was unlucky.

He was captured and put in prison. In prison, Marc Polo met a writer and told him about his experiences in the East. The writer listened and recorded it, and later published it.

"Marc Polo's Travels". This book was also widely circulated throughout Europe, arousing Europeans' yearning for our East. This indirectly provided impetus for the opening of new sea routes and even the discovery of the New World.

We’ve stopped talking about Marco Polo’s travels here. From here, it’s not difficult to see that our China was still quite wealthy and even quite powerful at this time, and the lives of the common people seemed to be pretty good. In short, it didn’t look like much.

Like in Western countries, wars are going on every day, people are dying every day, and there are endless battles for human rights every day.

Next, let's continue to look at the wars in Western countries, which were caused by the Mongol army in this era. Although we have talked about it before, but now let's take a more detailed look at it. This is also the rise of a country in the war.

The Turks are actually a branch of the Turks, and Turkey is actually the word Turk. The Turks originally lived in the Mongolian Plateau and Central Asia in northern China. They were later defeated by the Tang Dynasty in China and were

We were forced to move westward, and then to the Middle East. We have talked about this matter very carefully before, and I don’t know if you still remember it, but now we are talking about other things, haha.

After the Turks came to the Middle East, they attached themselves to the Sultanate of Rum established by the Seljuk Turks. The Sultanate of Rum rewarded them with a piece of barren land on the northwest border. In fact, this was to let them guard the Sultanate of Rum.

Frontier, meaning resistance to the Byzantine Empire.

In 1242, the Sultanate of Rum collapsed under the attack of the Mongolian army. Anyway, it was terrible. We have also talked before that the Mongolian army was very brave and did not care about death. So in the end this led to the rise of the Turks. At this time

The Turkish chief Ertogrul led their Turks to take advantage of the chaos to conquer the east and west, defeating many surrounding tribes. Because the empires of Western countries and so on, the high-level officials were very corrupt, so the number of troops

As long as you are a little stronger, you can sweep the world. At this point, we should not have any incomprehensible thoughts about this. The armies of Western countries basically seem to have little combat effectiveness, at least at this time.

Such.

So after Ertogrul wiped out many tribes around him, he called himself the emir, which means monarch. By 1288, Ertogrul died of illness. Anyway, the West

The king of the country basically died of illness. We don’t know what the disease was. We just know that their medical technology is very advanced. Anyway, it is much more powerful than ours in China, at least at this period. Ertog

After Ruhr died of illness, his son Osman succeeded to the throne.

After Osman succeeded to the throne, he wanted to marry the daughter of the elder Sheikh Edbari, but was rejected. On this day, Osman came to the home of Sheikh Edbari and said to him: I had a strange dream yesterday.

I dreamed that a big tree grew out of my waist, and all the leaves turned into sharp swords, pointing in the direction of Constantinople, the capital of Byzantium. Elder, you know how to interpret dreams, what does my dream mean? Thank you

Heidebali pondered for a while and said: This dream indicates that your descendants will occupy Constantinople and become the rulers of the world.

Osman was very happy after hearing this, and then continued: Can I marry your daughter now? Sheikh Edbari nodded and agreed. On the day Osman ascended the throne, Sheikh Edbari gave him a stone of victory.

Sword. Later, the awarding of the Sword of Victory became one of the traditional ceremonies for the Ottoman Turkish Sultan to succeed to the throne. After that, Osman held the Sword of Victory and fought everywhere, establishing a very large empire. Then let's carefully analyze this time the Turks

The rise of.

Osman was a man of great talent and strategy. At this time, the Byzantine Empire had long since declined. As we have said before, the top officials were all corrupt, so the military power in the empire was relatively weak. Therefore, the current Byzantine Empire is

Strong on the outside but weak on the inside, his rule in Asia Minor was already shaky. So Osman organized his own soldiers and even distributed the land he had plundered to the soldiers. So this greatly stimulated the fighting spirit of the soldiers! Because

This situation is not burning, killing and looting for the high-level officials, it is like burning, killing and looting for themselves in disguise, so these soldiers suddenly became extremely fierce. It is also because of this strategy of Osman that people

Others felt itchy, which indirectly attracted Turkic warriors from many other tribes. These Turkic warriors all wanted to fight, burn, kill and loot, because in the end they would be given land. This was a joke.

?

So we can say that Osman's military strength at this time has been greatly improved, and the soldiers in the entire army are also fighting. Osman now has such a strong military strength, so he feels that he can launch an attack on the Byzantine Empire

Attacked, and he did exactly that. Relying on such a powerful army, the Ottomans directly captured the city of Melannuor and made it their capital and renamed it Kaga Hishar.

In 1300, Osman called himself Sultan and declared that his country was an independent principality. In fact, Osman was very confident now because he would distribute the plundered land to the warriors, so his army

It is very powerful, almost like a heavenly soldier and a heavenly general. With such a powerful army, even though Osman became the sultan, he was still not satisfied.

So in 1301, just one year later, the Ottomans launched a greater attack on the Byzantine Empire. This time they occupied the wealthy Besnia Plains in the Byzantine Empire. Now Ottoman's country was powerful.

After a long period of development, in 1317, Ottoman led his army to besiege Brusa, the most important city of the Byzantine Empire in Asia Minor.

But at this time, the Byzantines relied on their very tall and strong city walls to resist desperately. Ottoman directly besieged this place for nine years!!! This was not captured. How outrageous is this? This also shows that the city of Brusa

During the period of time when the city was under siege, it was like a situation of unity. But in the end, the Byzantines were really unable to resist. They had been resisting for nine years!!! So what was consumed in the city?

It was simply unimaginable that they were at the end of their rope, and the military forces in other parts of the Byzantine Empire were also unable to gather a decent army to assist them due to the corruption of the top management. So in the end the Byzantines were forced to declare their surrender.

At this time, Osman was already seriously ill. After Osman died, his body was placed in the cathedral of Brusa. After Osman's death, his son Urhan succeeded as Sultan and moved the capital directly to Brusa.

Shacheng.

In fact, Urhan, like his father Osman, was also an ambitious man, so Urhan continued his father's unfinished business and inherited his father's excellent strategy of controlling the army. It took less than ten years to do so.

Within a year, this completely occupied the territory of the Byzantine Empire in Asia Minor.

Urhan also took advantage of the contradiction between Serbia and the Byzantine Empire and began to interfere in European affairs. In fact, this is just like the United States in today's world. It wants to get involved in conflicts anywhere in order to gain benefits, and Urhan also

This kind of mentality.
Chapter completed!