In February 1848, the "Communist Manifesto" was officially published in London, and was soon translated into multiple languages ​​​​and spread throughout the world. The "Communist Manifesto" is the main work of Marx and Engels

One, it is the first complete theory of the proletarian revolutionary party and the first programmatic document of the communist movement. Its publication actually marks the birth of Marxism.

Next, let’s continue talking about the establishment of First International:

In 1863, a national uprising broke out in Poland against the brutal rule of the Tsar. Regarding this kind of thing, we have actually learned about the brutality of the Tsar many times before, and we can already predict what will happen at this moment.

For example, when we discussed before that the Tsar proposed the establishment of the Holy Alliance for his own benefit, that moment indirectly reflected the cruelty and madness of the Tsar's top brass.

Since the Tsar was cruel and crazy, the Russian people must have lived a life without enough food and clothing, and even a life worse than death. But we humans, strange creatures, are faced with the choice of life and death.

Some normal people can use their nature to judge who is good to them and who is not good to them. This is really only what most normal people can judge. Because more people have more knowledge and even thinking logic does not allow them to do it.

To make a correct judgment. But if most normal people can judge, this is actually enough. Therefore, the civilians in Russia now have a large-scale uprising because life is worse than death.

It is precisely because the scale of this uprising was so large that it frightened the Tsar himself. Maybe some friends will say, isn’t there still a Holy Alliance? As long as a large number of troops are mobilized from other countries, for Russia

A third of all the revolting civilians were massacred crazily, and they did not believe that the remaining two-thirds dared to disobey. In fact, everyone was right, but the current world situation did not allow the Tsar to borrow help from other countries at all.

The Holy Alliance has mobilized troops. As we have said before, civilian uprisings are currently taking place in various countries around the world. Each country is in danger internally. How can there be any military strength that still cares about the Holy Alliance treaty, right?

Since the Tsar could not borrow troops from other countries at this time, he could only use his own army to suppress it. Moreover, the Tsar had been fighting foreign countries, so the army's equipment had always been very sophisticated! Therefore, the Tsar's army first

It used very bloody methods, and then carried out an extremely bloody and brutal suppression of the rebels. The Russian civilians were really killed to the point that they were reduced in percentage, and corpses were everywhere! There was strong and extremely pungent blood everywhere.

Even after a few days, the corpses of Russian civilians were left unattended, and some of them that were still exposed began to stink. It was simply a scene like purgatory on earth. And this matter can be said to be the extreme abuse of the Tsarist Russian army.

Barbaric behavior. In fact, this extremely barbaric behavior by the Tsarist Russian army immediately aroused strong anger among the European people!

Why was there such a civilian uprising in Russia and was massacred by the Russian army, and the people of Europe suddenly became very angry? In fact, it is very simple, just because of the "Communist Manifesto", that is, Marx's doctrine has transformed the entire world at this time

The civilians seem to be connected together. Everyone is for the same purpose, which is to obtain human rights! Fight for freedom! Fight for happiness!

Then workers in Britain and France first launched a movement to support the Polish people's independent uprising. Even the British national workers' organization, the Federation of Trade Unions, held an extremely large-scale demonstration and rally, strongly demanding that the British top brass put pressure on Tsarist Russia.

The intention was to save the civilians of Tsarist Russia, but British Prime Minister Palmes rejected the workers' request on the grounds that he needed the consent of the French high-level officials. In fact, most of the high-level officials in the world were in the Holy Alliance at this time, and they were unanimous.

The first criterion is to attack the uprising and revolution of the respective countries externally, but the workers in the UK, or workers in other countries, are completely unaware of this matter, and even the common people in the world are completely deceived by the higher-ups.

Therefore, the British workers' conference passed an "Appeal" to French workers, calling on French workers and British workers to unite and fight together! In fact, if we see this, if it is my personal opinion, it is not as good as the whole world.

All the civilians are organized, and then all the high-level officials are killed, but we still have not found an idea that is suitable for us to maintain perfect democracy, or simply a management model based on democracy as the first benchmark.

, although I had one before, but our current technology cannot realize it. My concept is mainly to immigrate the entire population into space to solve the conflicts between our large human groups. Of course, this plan must have very, very complicated details.

Question, and I won't talk nonsense here. Let's just continue the previous topic. Everyone will treat it as if I suddenly complained.

In fact, after British civilians conveyed this "Appeal" to French civilians, these civilians began to suggest convening an international conference attended by workers from all over Europe! Now it became a big deal! It is not difficult to imagine, because almost all high-level officials in Europe have

It makes sense. Their only criterion is to suppress the uprising revolution, so that they can use the civilians in their respective countries as mute tools. But now workers all over Europe seem to be starting to rebel against the top leaders. The result is actually even unimaginable.

Don’t even think about it, because there are no super large-scale killer weapons like fission bombs at this time, but we do not rule out virus weapons. This is also very serious, but things are far from as bad as we currently imagine. Maybe it is also the so-called

The non-existent gods don’t want selfish and crazy creatures like us humans to end here, right?

So on September 28, 1864, St. Martin's Cathedral in London, the capital of England, was filled with flags from various European countries, and workers' representatives from various European countries gathered together! Everyone was very excited at this time,

This is simply the first time in our entire human history that civilian representatives from almost half of the world have met, and it is also the first time that they have met for the same purpose! Everyone unanimously supports the Polish people's struggle against tsarist rule!

At this conference, the British workers' representatives first read out the "British Workers' Letter to the French Workers", calling on people from all over the world to unite for the cause of workers around the world! Then the French also read out the "French Workers' Letter to the British"

"Brothers' Letter": Workers all over the world must unite to build an impregnable dam and resolutely oppose the division of people into two classes, hungry civilians and fat officials. This is a harmful system. We must

Unite, only you can save yourself. Marx also attended the conference as a representative of Britain.

Based on the proposal of the French workers' representatives, the conference decided to establish an international workers' organization, namely: the First International. It established a provisional central committee composed of workers' representatives from Britain, France, Italy and other countries. Let's talk about it later. Later, this Central Committee

It was changed to the General Committee. The representative elected by the Central Committee at this time was Marx, who also served as the secretary of the German News Agency.

The congress originally decided that the Central Committee would lead the drafting of the program and charter of the First International. Marx was unable to participate in the drafting because of illness. Unexpectedly, serious differences arose among the workers' representatives from various countries, and a turmoil broke out.

When drafting the program, the British representatives put the improvement of the economic interests of the working class first and fought for the improvement of the status of the working class. The Italian representatives wanted to use the charter of the Italian Workers Association as the charter of the First International, and even wanted to establish an organization based on the Italian Workers' Association.

Led by the central high-level of the European working class. This is a clear preference for Italian workers, which will cause discord and even division in the First International. Whether they are British representatives or Italian representatives, the issues raised by them are all centered on economic interests.

What they proposed did not involve the political status issue demanded by the working class at all. In fact, they have not realized that the political interests of the workers are the most fundamental interests. With the political status of the working class as a guarantee, other issues including economic issues

All problems will be easily solved.

Seeing this chaotic scene, the German representative wrote a letter telling Marx about the situation. After Marx received the letter, he was very anxious. He immediately realized that if this continued, very serious consequences would definitely occur.

A split would deviate from the significance of establishing the First International. So on October 18, Marx came to attend the meeting despite being ill.

Regardless of his illness, Marx carefully read and revised all the documents. After seven days and nights of hard work, Marx submitted the revised documents to the General Committee. There were two documents: the "Declaration of the Founding of the First International" and the "First International".

"One International Common Charter". The General Committee immediately held a plenary meeting, which unanimously adopted Marx's revised "Declaration" and "Charter".

The "Manifesto" is the programmatic document of the First International. It says: Seizing power has become the great mission of the working class. The working class in all countries must unite and form a strong team. Only in this way can we defeat the bourgeoisie and eliminate class rule.

And realize the public ownership of labor materials, so that workers can be completely liberated. At the end of the "Manifesto", Marx used the slogan of the "Communist Manifesto": Workers of the world, unite.

After the establishment of the First International, it began to organize workers from various countries to carry out movements, and labor movements in various European countries came one after another. In 1866, British tailor workers went on strike, in 1867 French bronze workers went on strike, and in 1868 Switzerland
Chapter completed!