While supporting workers in fighting for their own rights, the First International also fought hard against all kinds of opportunism and high-level doctrine. These struggles were mainly struggles against Prussianism. In these struggles, Marx was tit for tat.

Denounce their fallacies and expose their conspiracy to seize the leadership of the First International. Under the determined struggle of Marx and others, they all suffered a shameful defeat.

After defeating Prussianism and Bakuninism, the First International continued to grow and develop, uniting the Chinese classes in various countries and vigorously supporting workers' movements in various countries. The First International played a huge role in the workers' movements in various countries around the world.

…

Then it can be said that the beginning of our book is mainly based on the development history of the Egyptians. So in the last few chapters of the book that is coming to an end, we will first take Egypt in the nineteenth century as the topic, and provide a guide for our country.

This book condenses the penultimate topic.

Egypt in the 19th century was under the rule of the Ottoman Turkish Empire. It can be said that after the decline of the Egyptian Pharaoh, it has been ruled by other empires. Once under the rule of the Pharaoh, no matter whether it was pain or glory, it seemed like

It has become a completely dusty history, and the people of Egypt seem to have long forgotten that sad history, and try their best to live in the present.

In 1798, in order to combat the British power, Napoleon led the French army to attack Egypt, thereby threatening the British colony of India. The Ottoman Empire hurriedly sent an Albanian army to reinforce it. The leader of the Albanian Army was called

Ali was also an Albanian. He was born into a family of an officer. Later he joined the army and became the leader of the Albanian Legion because of his bravery and proficiency in fighting. With the support of the Egyptian people, the Albanian Legion fought bravely and skillfully, and finally defeated Napoleon.

The French invaders led by France also lost a lot of Egyptian civilians in this battle. Of course, the Albanian legions also suffered numerous casualties, but in any case, they won the battle in the end, so Ali was appointed governor of Egypt.

But just after driving away the French, the remnants of the Mamluk dynasty in southern Egypt began to make trouble again and launched a rebellion. I wonder if everyone still remembers what the Mamluks were? In fact, they were trained by the Arabs.

That kind of army was obtained through a form of slave trade, but those were the ancestors of the Mamluks.

However, the Mamluks were currently making trouble, so Ali led his army to leave the capital Cairo and go south to quell the chaos. Seeing that the troops in northern Egypt were empty, the British felt that there was an opportunity to take advantage of it, so they sent 1,400

Many soldiers invaded Egypt, and due to the poor equipment of the army, the glory of the once most powerful Egyptian empire had long ceased to exist. Therefore, more than 1,400 British soldiers quickly occupied Alexandria and began to move towards the Nile River.

The advance of Rashid City at the entrance to the sea suddenly caused chaos in the capital Cairo. People were fleeing everywhere, and more civilians were completely at a loss. According to professional terms: the rich will all be worth their money.

They loaded their belongings into the car and fled to the south, while the poor could only worry and have no idea what to do.

The arrogant British army, relying on their very advanced weapons and large numbers, did not pay attention to the Egyptians at all. At this point, the British army marched into the city of Rashid with great arrogance. The city of Rashid

The commander knew that he could not defeat the British, so he led more than 300 soldiers to retreat long ago. In fact, the British army only encountered some weak resistance when entering the city, and basically there was no major battle.

So they quickly occupied the whole city.

At this time, the British soldiers began to laugh loudly at the Egyptians: The Egyptians are all cowards and do not dare to fight us!

There were even some other British soldiers shouting: We can capture Cairo tomorrow, and we can see the pyramids the day after tomorrow!

The British vice-consul in Rashid rushed to greet the British army. Then the vice-consul said to the British generals: The Egyptian army has finished running long ago! Their main force is fighting in the south, and there are not many troops in the north.

After hearing this, the British general laughed arrogantly and said: Hahahaha, even if they have an army, they are no match for us. We British are invincible and we are invincible. Occupying Egypt is simply a piece of cake.

The British vice-consul quickly nodded with an apologetic smile: That’s right, that’s right. I’ve prepared a sumptuous banquet for everyone to wash their hands of themselves.

The British soldiers quickly said: Great, we have been hungry for a long time! Then they swarmed up, sat at the table and started eating and drinking. However, because there were many British soldiers, they were divided into several groups, and they arrived at different places.

They ate and drank in the tavern. The British soldiers made a lot of noise and noise in the tavern, and soon they were staggering around drunk.

It was at this time that suddenly many bullets were fired from the roof and windows. Many British soldiers screamed and fell to the ground dead. Then many Egyptian soldiers shouted: Kill the invaders.

The attackers!!! All of a sudden, some came in with guns and some brandished swords! The British soldiers were already drunk at this time, so many British soldiers had no time to resist, and then they

became a prisoner.

Some British soldiers hurriedly went to get their guns, but were either beaten to death on the spot or had their heads chopped off by the Egyptians with a machete. It turned out that Mayor Rashid led the Egyptian army to kill him back, and while the British

The people were unprepared, and they were caught off guard. Even the British general and vice-consul were killed directly on the spot. We can say that the Egyptians won a complete victory in this battle.

A few days later, the Egyptians took the captured British invaders to Cairo, the capital, and paraded them through the streets! The British soldiers were all tied up tightly and walked dejectedly on the street. There were a large number of people on both sides of the street.

The onlookers in Cairo cheered loudly and shouted slogans of victory, and threw rotten eggs on the British. Suddenly the whole street was filled with stench. Moreover, there were many wooden cages on the street, which contained

Many of the severed heads of British soldiers were all bloody and looked very horrific.

Ali, who was fighting in the south, quickly put down the rebellion, and also learned that the British would continue to invade. The British must have settled their old and new grudges together, but in the end, the British just wanted to enslave the entire Egyptian people.

, they just worked as slaves for them. But Ali was not a vegetarian. He immediately mobilized a large number of people in Egypt. The rich contributed money and the powerful contributed. The Egyptian army and people shared the same hatred! Do you feel very strange when you see this? Because

The Egyptian army seems to have been a nightmare for civilians since ancient times. It has always been used for foreign wars, and the main thing is to kill Egyptian civilians. But it is different now. The Egyptian civilians and the army have become one family.

It looks like a miracle! Indeed, it is a miracle!

Under this miracle that was originally impossible but actually happened, the Egyptian army and civilians were completely united. Although this time they still paid a high price, that is, many Egyptians died.

However, the Egyptians also used their practical actions and even their fearless attitude to fight against the British invaders! Although the British army was well-equipped and had good guns, the Egyptians mostly used knives, not

guns, but the British just lost! That’s right! The British invaders were defeated by the unity of the Egyptians, and Ali led the Egyptian army to advance on the victory, driving out the British troops in Alexandria and regaining it.

Alexandria defended the independence and territorial integrity of Egypt.

The Egyptian army and the people were united. After defeating the British invaders, Ali carried out large-scale construction of the entire Egypt and carried out various reforms. He led his Egyptian army, which was united by the army and the people, to eliminate the horses of the separatist party.

The Muluk forces soon unified the entire Egypt, confiscated all the Mamluk lands, and distributed them to ministers or rented them into small plots for farmers to cultivate. In addition, in order to promote the development of agriculture, he built water conservancy projects, and Ali

He also imported a lot of machines from Western Europe, hired a lot of engineers and technicians, sent a large number of overseas students, and founded many companies. Ali also founded a navy and vigorously developed the army, eventually making Egypt the Mediterranean

The powerful country in the east!

In order to get rid of the Turks and make Egypt completely independent, Ali also launched two very large-scale wars! After defeating the Turks, Egypt became an independent empire with complete territory spanning Africa and Asia. But the nightmare did not end there. Soon

After that, the British came back again, and Egypt gradually became a British colony.

In fact, these things are still happening in our modern world, but now our world has shown a certain degree of goodwill, but the things behind it are still terrible enough to make all of us crawl, such as the rule and slavery of capitalists,

It's just that this approach seems to be relatively mild for all of us humans, right? It's just that things are not as simple as we imagined, and the war is still going on.

Next will be the last topic of our book. This topic is more serious. This topic is not a topic in our modern world today, but something that happened in China around 1800. This topic

What is this thing? Let me tell you, it is the persecution of China by Western countries, the cruelty and even enslavement of us. This thing is the Opium War!

When the great powers such as the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Japan, etc., all started the turbulent capitalist revolution, the top leaders of the Qing Dynasty in China were closing the country, thinking that the country was in heaven, and did not think about reforms, which made China begin to
Chapter completed!