Chapter 2665 The foundation of loyalty and filial piety
As the news of Zheng Xuan and Sima Hui's debate in the manor spread, more and more people began to gather at Qinglong Temple.
Some even rushed to Sima Manor, but were stopped by soldiers who had been prepared.
After all, a debate between two elders does not require too many listeners.
Yes, there are some things that do not need to be verified by the so-called "public opinion" to determine whether they are right or wrong. Sometimes the "public opinion" may not be correct, just like many people in later generations who promote the so-called "public opinion" on the Internet. These
People use false fabrications and intercepted clips to deceive the people and stir up disputes, and then those behind the scenes are free.
Whether the theories of Zheng Xuan and Sima Hui are correct also does not require other people to verify them.
The speed of the two people's argument has gradually slowed down from the fierce confrontation at the beginning. It seems that it is because of fatigue or the need to search for deeper things, so they sometimes fall into silence, and then after a while
Only one person said something, and then the other person didn't answer immediately. He was silent for a while, and then said something again...
The sun gradually began to tilt toward the west, and the clouds began to increase at some point.
Guoyuan, who was recording in the audience, was already a little numb.
On the one hand, it is surprise, on the other hand, it is also fear.
It's very simple. In the later stages of the debate between Zheng Xuan and Sima Hui, if some of the remarks made were spread, many of them were "rebellious and unethical". When ordinary people talked about it, the mild ones were blocked, and the more serious ones were disbanded or even more serious.
There is a risk of having your water meter checked.
gods.
Son of Heaven.
Sheji.
Family.
No matter which topic it is, it is a heavyweight bomb that can blow the people around it to pieces.
As far as the text itself is concerned, it is actually just a few strokes, horizontal and vertical dots and strokes. However, the text composed of just these symbols contains too many things behind it, whether it expresses ideas, expresses emotions, slanders, or praises.
Either there is a needle hidden in the fabric, or there is a violation of the law, either of which may offend those in power and lead to death. In fact, if we use a more modern term, the literary prison is actually an "ideological struggle."
In the future, multimedia should be added.
The mouthpiece always belongs to the ruling class.
Literary prisons have existed in all dynasties.
In fact, many literary prisons are struggles.
When Su Dongpo was appointed as the governor of Huzhou, he was caught by his political enemies because of an insignificant "Huzhou Thank You", which was nothing more than asking the emperor to say hello and talking about what he had done as the governor.
She exerted herself so much that she almost got people killed in prison. Of course, the most regrettable thing is that because the love started from words, Mrs. Su Shi panicked and burned many of Mr. Dongpo's manuscripts. This was really quite unfortunate.
For regrets.
Therefore, Fei Qian had to watch on the sidelines and hide some of the content.
This may make people feel a little helpless, but it is really not appropriate to throw out all these contents at the moment.
In other words, it is not suitable for the time being.
Guoyuan was also well-read, so he naturally didn't know what to say about the allusions spoken by Zheng Xuan and Sima Hui. His memory was also good, and his literary talent was good, so he not only recorded what the two said.
content, and also described the expressions of the two people, and wrote them down...
The dark clouds in the sky gathered quickly, and it seemed like it would rain soon.
Hua Tuo arrived and saluted Fei Qian in the corridor.
Hua Tuo was originally going to the countryside for medical treatment. He was caught up not far from Chang'an Medical Center and returned again.
"Have you brought all the necessary medicines? If not, please hurry up and get them from the Hundred Medical Center." Fei Qian stood outside the hall, looking at the two old people in the hall, and said to Hua Tuo.
Fei Qian was indeed a little worried.
"I have brought them all." Hua Tuo gestured to the medicine box behind him, then stood next to Fei Qian, looking at the two people in the hall with his head stretched out, and after a moment he frowned, "How long have they been arguing?"
?』
"It started yesterday." Fei Qian said.
"Yesterday?!" Hua Tuo's eyes widened and he looked a little nervous, "That would be troublesome..."
Hua Tuo thought that the two of them continued to argue for two days and one night. In that case, there would be great danger.
Staying up late is actually very harmful to humans.
Since the time of human evolution in ancient times, humans have not been equipped to stay up late.
On the contrary, human beings need adequate sleep for physical functions to restore energy or repair some damage caused by daytime operations.
Young people cannot stay up late often, and older people are even less suitable to stay up late. Therefore, those who talk about blessings at every turn, and only require employees to stay up late to work without mentioning various subsidies for overtime pay, are almost equivalent to chronic poisoning.
Seeking wealth and killing.
Fei Qian added: "The two of us had a rest last night."
Hua Tuo was obviously relieved after hearing this, "It's not bad, it's not bad..."
However, Hua Tuo's expression did not completely relax because of this. He was still nervously looking back and forth on the faces of Zheng Xuan and Sima Hui.
"Can you let them have a rest?" Hua Tuo said, "They are very tired now. I'm worried... It would be good to send some water in..."
"Sent..." Fei Qian pointed to the food and water that had been knocked over in the hall, "They sent it in a long time ago. They... sent it twice, both times like this..."
There is a word called forgetting to eat and sleep.
This is the current state of Zheng Xuan and Sima Hui.
They have forgotten everything around them. Even if there is food and water placed in front of them, they will regard it as a disturbance and then subconsciously sweep it away.
Hua Tuo frowned, "Can't we stop? If we interrupt now, there shouldn't be much danger..."
Fei Qian was silent for a while, and then said: "Although there are some differences in civil and military affairs, it can be said that this... is the battlefield for the two of them... The two of them are warriors fighting hard on the battlefield, understand? At this time, it has entered the final stage.
, if I join in, or someone interrupts them, then it will be equivalent to their previous efforts being in vain... Moreover, at this age, do you think they still have the energy or time to fight next time?
』
Hua Tuo also fell silent, and then sighed.
Fei Qian and Hua Tuo stood in the hall, watching silently.
Around the hall, soldiers and guards also stood silently.
In the manor and further away, everyone tried their best to keep quiet.
Only two hoarse voices sounded from time to time in the hall...
"There may be some trouble..." Hua Tuo said suddenly, "I need someone to boil the medicine as soon as possible..."
Fei Qian was stunned for a moment, then waved.
Xu Chu took a few steps forward to obey the order.
"Have someone bring the stove and cook the medicine here," Fei Qian said.
Xu Chu handed over his hand and quickly started to ask people to prepare.
Fei Qian didn't want to see some low-level shit like half-cooking the medicine, accidentally slipping his hand, or knocking it over when he went out. He was boiling medicine right in front of the hall, even though it might cause a wooden board.
Or the railings may leave traces of charcoal fire, but compared with the safety of the medicine, these are trivial matters.
Hua Tuo's face became a little tight, "General, please send someone to Taicang... I'm afraid I can't handle it alone... Doctor Taicang is not only good at women and children, but also has first-aid acupuncture, which is as good as mine..."
If something really goes wrong, of course we have to race against time. If both people are in crisis, Hua Tuo will naturally be at his wits end. As a Taicang lineage who is good at delivering babies to women, he will naturally use acupuncture to stimulate human body functions and stimulate potential.
He also has rich experience in emergency rescue.
Fei Qian immediately signaled, and guards immediately took orders and hurried away.
Perhaps because of nervousness, perhaps to clarify his thoughts, or perhaps because he wanted to explain to Fei Qian, Hua Tuo grabbed the medicinal materials from the large medicine box and said, "I should have thought of it earlier... I am overworked and in love."
Aspirations stimulate each other...it's troublesome...the terminal disease is caused by wind sexual intercourse, the abdominal disease caused by rain sexual desire, the disease caused by obscurity sexual desire and confusion, the disease caused by clear sexual desire and heart disease..."
wind and rain?
Fei Qian looked up at the sky.
Clouds accumulate and the sky becomes dark.
It seemed that some faint sound of wind and thunder was coming, blowing through the treetops and roofs in rapid and slow bursts.
For Fei Qian, this is just a thunderstorm on a summer afternoon.
But for the elderly, every rapid change in solar terms and rise and fall in temperature are potential invisible threats.
Doctor Taicang also came in a hurry and stood beside Hua Tuo with a stern look on his face.
In the hall, it seemed that the argument was coming to an end.
"...The body, hair and skin are received by parents and do not dare to be damaged, which is the beginning of filial piety. Establishing one's body and practicing the law, making one's name known to future generations, showing off one's parents, is the end of filial piety. A husband's filial piety begins with serving relatives, ends with serving the king, and finally establishes one's character."
"Daya" says: "I have no thoughts about you, my ancestors, and I cultivate my virtues." This is filial piety..."
"However, we should not be ignorant of filial piety. As the saying goes, in a country of ten thousand chariots, if there are four contending ministers, the territory will not be reduced; in a country of thousands of chariots, if there are three contending ministers, the country will not be in danger; in a house of one hundred chariots, if there are two contending ministers, the country will not be in danger.
, then the ancestral temple will not be destroyed. When fathers compete for sons, they should not be rude; when scholars compete for friends, they should not be unjust. Therefore, when a son obeys his father, it is a shame for a son to be filial; when a minister is obedient to the emperor, it is a shame for a minister to be chaste. The reason for this is called filial piety, and it is called chastity.
also……"
"What is loyalty now?"
"What is filial piety?"
The two debated for a while, and finally came back to the word "loyalty and filial piety".
Because these two words are actually the foundation of Han Dynasty.
It is also the point of many disagreements.
At the same time, it is also the foundation of Chinese moral and political concepts.
It is the basis of all customs, all beliefs, and all morals.
The society from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period was a society that was broken down and then rebuilt. On the one hand, the original political authority gradually lost its status, leading to the gradual disintegration of the original social structure. On the other hand, there were large-scale merger wars, and political
The power system and social structure seek transformation, and new political ideas begin to emerge.
Only the soil for the birth of hundreds of schools of thought has emerged.
Among the various schools of thought, there are corresponding explanations on the concept of loyalty and filial piety. With the changes in social conditions during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, the views of loyalty and filial piety of the various scholars also changed accordingly.
Filial piety may be earlier. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the word "loyalty" began to appear. Among the two major schools of Confucius and Mohism, whether it was Confucius's idea of loyalty and filial piety, or Mozi's "all-in-one love" model, the difference between the two
, it can be clearly seen that people attach great importance to these two words, as well as the elaboration of this theory.
Many current thinkers of the Han Dynasty, including Zheng Xuan and Sima Hui, would more or less compare the Han Dynasty to the Zhou Dynasty, and then tried to find some experiences that could be used for reference during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods.
After entering the Spring and Autumn Period, the authority of the Zhou royal family continued to decline. Similarly, after the second emperor Huan Ling, the authority of the Han Dynasty also continued to decline.
With the rise of various Warring States periods at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, although in the early days all countries still recognized the status of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty as the suzerainty, the powerful powers such as Qi, Chu, and Jin gradually emerged, and the Zhou royal family's absolute status in monarchy and clan lineage was gradually ignored. Likewise,
Yes, the current strong and powerful separatist regimes in the Han Dynasty also indicate that the rule of the Han Emperor is on the verge of collapse.
This major social change directly affected culture.
Modern and Ancient Prose, Shandong and Shanxi
They are all important nodes of cultural conflict.
The Han Dynasty's originally adopted ruling model of the emperor's central prefectures and counties began to collapse, and the definition of the word "loyalty and filial piety" also began to deviate. What is loyalty? What is filial piety? Can the original loyalty and filial piety of the Han Dynasty still be acceptable today?
Extended use? If it cannot be used, how should this loyalty and filial piety be defined?
The original political relationship began to collapse, the glory of the statues of the Han Dynasty ceased, and local powerful families began to dominate the place. The word "loyalty" seemed to begin to fade away, while the word "filial piety" was increasingly emphasized.
"Loyalty" and "filial piety" were vague concepts of political unity in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, but now they have been cut into independent concepts.
To promote filial piety and integrity, why not promote loyalty and filial piety?
Can integrity replace loyalty? Or can filial piety be ranked ahead of loyalty?
If you explore the origin of "loyalty and filial piety", many people will mention Confucius. Although Confucius mentions "loyalty" as many as eighteen times in "The Analects", there is no precise definition of "loyalty" in any of them.
The word "loyalty" is used together seven times, which shows that Confucius actually did not fully think about the concept of "loyalty".
As for Mohism, which competed with Confucianism as early as the Spring and Autumn Period, the concept of loyalty and filial piety was not complete. The word "loyalty" appears many times in "Mozi", and its connotations are also different. Although Mozi is a school
In the end, the loyal side was shown, and everyone committed suicide or was killed, which eliminated the uneasiness in the king's heart. However, it also showed that the Mohist "loyalty and filial piety" had nothing to do with the "loyalty and filial piety" that the king wanted, and were even completely different.
.
After that, Mencius and Xunzi also began to split, not only on the good and evil nature of nature, but also on the aspect of "loyalty and filial piety". Mencius and Xunzi also went against each other. To put it simply, Mencius focused on filial piety and believed that filial piety was more important than loyalty, while Xunzi
Focus on loyalty and believe that loyalty is the first priority.
Most of the later concepts of "loyalty and filial piety" were derived from the concepts of these four people. For example, Han Feizi integrated loyalty and filial piety into one, which was actually a change.
In order to provide a better political foundation, these scholars in China derived different political logics around the two concepts of loyalty and filial piety. Therefore, it can be said that the concept of loyalty and filial piety had a profound impact on the social development of the entire feudal dynasty in China.
an important driving force.
"Loyalty" and "filial piety" are two basic moral items. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, social morality gradually emerged from scratch. After a series of developments, generations of scholars continued to deepen their research and explain the relationship between loyalty and filial piety.
The mutual conflict and mutual tolerance gave rise to China's unique cultural context structure, which is completely different from other civilizations.
"It's a serious and correct interpretation!" Sima Hui shouted in a hoarse voice, "A serious and correct interpretation! We should seek its origin! Abandon all complicated embellishments and go straight to its roots! May I ask what is the origin of loyalty and filial piety?"
"The foundation of loyalty and filial piety... get rid of the clutter and get to the root..." Zheng Xuan's face showed an abnormal red light, and his emotional excitement made him feel as if the world was spinning and twisting, but he still said
The two most core sentences -
"Be loyal to yourself!"
"Following one's responsibilities is called filial piety!"
Sima Hui clapped his hands and said, "Okay! Good! You can do your best in human affairs and you can be called loyal and filial!"
The two looked at each other and laughed.
The two finally reached a consensus...
There is no sanctification, no amplification, no extreme, no molding. It is a very simple concept and a very straightforward explanation, and finally the definition of "loyalty and filial piety" is settled.
"Loyalty and filial piety" is a two-way concept. It is a relatively fair concept and a moral standard. It should not be an absolute definition without preconditions.
When all the things attached to it are completely removed, what remains is its essential meaning.
When something is in front of you, doing your best to do it well is "loyalty" to this matter.
This matter may be something that the king has explained, or it may be something that the people need, or it may be a matter of superiors versus inferiors, or inferiors versus superiors.
"Filial piety" is a person's responsibility within the family.
Regardless of gender, no matter how old or young you are, as long as you are a member of the family, you will naturally have to fulfill your responsibilities for the entire family, both for your parents and for your family.
"Loyalty" focuses on the outside, "filial piety" focuses on the inside. From "loyalty" and "filial piety", "faith", "righteousness" and so on can be derived...
The two old men laughed, clapped their hands, and then fell backwards in unison.
Fortunately, both of them were sitting on mats, and the ground was made of wood, so there wouldn't be much direct external damage if the two people fell, the focus was on the internal wear and tear on the body.
"Quick!" Hua Tuo rushed in and immediately began to diagnose Zheng Xuan, "Deficiency of Qi and blood, insufficient soil and water! Phlegm and blood stasis block the collaterals, and wind evil enters the brain! There is still Guyang lineage... Urgent use of Du'e Decoction!"
』
On the other hand, Taicang Chunyu also diagnosed Sima Hui, "Mr. Shui Jing just suffered from a slight loss of effort and should be fine."
Sima Hui is younger, so Zheng Xuan's condition is more serious at the moment.
Someone hurriedly brought the boiled soup, but Zheng Xuan was already clenched and his face was blue, so he couldn't feed it.
The decoction flows out from the corners of the mouth...
"Introduce it with a tube!" Hua Tuo took a small bamboo tube, opened Zheng Xuan's mouth, and introduced the medicine.
Zheng Xuan still had the instinct to swallow, and the soup slowly poured in.
Hua Tuo and Taicang Chunyu both breathed a sigh of relief.
If you can drink the decoction, you will still be saved.
"I'll do it first," Taicang Chunyu said, pressing Zheng Xuan's wrist with one hand and taking out the silver needle with the other, "I'll use the needle first to stimulate... take Yunmen, Taiyuan, Neiguan... to remove wind and phlegm.
Boost your energy..."
Hua Tuo thought for a moment and said, "Yes!"
Why Taicang Chunyu was the first to use acupuncture? It’s not that Hua Tuo is inferior in acupuncture, but that Zheng Xuan is older and is in a state of both qi and blood loss like women in childbirth, so Taicang is more suitable for acupuncture. But Hua Tuo’s acupuncture
At that time, it was really a way to save people from emergencies. They launched a large-scale attack, and under the gold and stone, even if they were snatched away, it would seriously damage Zheng Xuan's vitality, which would be very harmful to Zheng Xuan's body.
Therefore, if he can be saved after acupuncture in Taicang, that would be the best. If not, then Hua Tuo should take action.
Fei Qian stood in the hall. He didn't know medical skills, so he couldn't help. He could only watch Taicang Chunyu take out the silver needle, then stick it on Zheng Xuan's body, and then perform the acupuncture to extract Qi...
Sima Hui on the other side was half-supported and drinking medicinal soup.
Suddenly, there was lightning and thunder in the sky, and heavy rain poured down.
Fei Qian looked up at the sky and couldn't help but say, "In the past, Cangjie created characters, and the sky rained millet, and the ghosts cried at night... Now when the two people's theory is completed, there are winds, thunders and drums, and the sky and the earth are shocked... What I said today may be the theory that will be passed down to the world."
