Chapter 310 The second bullet of agricultural modernization
May 20, 1851.
Jean Dulles spent nearly a week and after consulting physiocratic experts and biological experts from the French Academy of Sciences, he finally submitted this 40-page "Agricultural Support and Reform Plan" on the morning of the 20th.
"Left into the hands of Jérôme Bonaparte.
The plan proposes that France should build a more complete agricultural security system and build more convenient agricultural marketization channels. All regions, provinces, and cities should take action to establish agriculture-based universities and higher vocational colleges. For these
The Republic will reduce tuition and fees for students who enter these colleges for free.
After graduation, those who are willing to take root in the countryside and devote themselves to the study of agricultural construction will directly be given priority to enter the French system (in layman terms, temporary workers) and become a reserve team within the French system.
All agricultural cadres who enter the French civil service enjoy an annual allowance of several hundred francs more than other cadres of the same level. Outstanding agricultural cadres will have the opportunity to go to Paris to promote agricultural experience.
Of course, in addition to using the priority system to lure young French people to sign up enthusiastically.
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The plan also strengthens agricultural cooperatives unprecedentedly. In addition to voluntarily participating in agricultural cooperatives, collectives can enjoy low-interest loans from local banks. France also provides small-scale subsidies for some agricultural products, which are sold uniformly by government departments.
The intensity of such preferential treatment seems to be an attempt to thoroughly and gradually promote the agricultural cooperative model to the whole of France, so as to achieve the purpose of vertically entering the countryside for capital.
In order to encourage France to reclaim wasteland (there is a large amount of wasteland in central France), the agricultural and commercial departments also provide a certain amount of compensation for each mu of cultivated land.
At the same time, the bill also mentions the fertilizer effect of guano on agriculture, and France should sign trade agreements with Bolivia and other South American countries as soon as possible.
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Looking at the pile of agricultural reform plans in front of him, which was less than half a book thick, Jérôme Bonaparte had a sad look on his face. Jean Dulles was much more serious about agriculture than he expected.
outside.
He had no choice but to carefully read the plan provided by Jean Dulles page by page. Sitting at the desk, he unscrewed the opaque glass bottle containing black ink and took out the goose feather in the pen holder.
pen so that when he encounters a question he doesn't understand, he can circle it and then ask Secretary Jean Dulles.
This sitting lasted for more than 6 hours, so much so that Jérôme Bonaparte had forgotten lunch, and the quill in his hand would sketch on the plan every once in a while.
Gradually, the time reached around 5 p.m., and the more than 40-page "agricultural reform" plan was finally read by Jérôme Bonaparte.
At this time, the afterglow of the setting sun shone through the glass showcase of the Tuileries Palace on the room where Jérôme Bonaparte's desk was located, and its elongated shadow extended to the wall.
Jérôme Bonaparte closed the plan and rubbed the slightly sore corners of his eyes, then stood up again, stretched his arms, and yawned again.
Six hours of sitting had already made Jerome Bonaparte's legs a little numb. He got up and walked around the study twice, then came to the window and stared at the work in the distance.
After a while, Jérôme Bonaparte called over De Morny, the Chancellor of the Seal.
"Your Excellency!" Morny bowed slightly and expressed due respect to the monarch in front of him.
"Print these things out, and then order the ministers of each department to come to the Tuileries Palace tomorrow!" Jérôme Bonaparte said after handing him Jean Dulles's agricultural reform plan.
De Morny took over the plan without saying a word. After asking Jérôme Bonaparte if he needed anything else, he turned and left.
On May 21, the cabinet ministers arrived at the Tuileries Palace in carriages.
Jérôme Bonaparte distributed Jean Dulles's reform plan to all the ministers present and asked them for their opinions.
As the new Minister of Finance, Demagne, he saw at first glance that the plan in front of him required not only the cooperation of the French administrative system, but also the investment of massive financial resources.
"Your Excellency, I think this will cause our finances to once again face massive overspending this year! By that time, we must continue to issue national debt to maintain it!" Magne euphemistically protested against the agricultural reform plan.
Jérôme Bonaparte set his sights on Jean Dulles, and he was looking forward to Jean Dulles' performance.
"Minister Magne, there are some issues that cannot just be looked at on the surface of financial expenditure!" Jean Dulles decisively retorted to Magne: "We must have a long-term plan! France must build a scientific agriculture.
!More than half of France’s fiscal revenue comes from land. Only by increasing the use value of the land itself and increasing the yield of the land can we collect more agricultural taxes. From a short-term perspective, we may face temporary difficulties, but
From a long-term perspective! Improving agriculture is completely conducive to our country’s strategy of advancing agriculture and industry hand in hand!”
As an education bureaucrat, Jean Dulles had indeed made great efforts in some aspects. He drew a pie of pie to everyone present that had not yet been realized, and told them that France's finances would get better and better.
Magne did not refute, he looked at Jérôme Bonaparte, meaning to ask Jérôme Bonaparte what he thought. As long as it was a matter of decision, no one could refute it.
"Well, I have a few questions that Secretary Dulles can answer for me!" Jérôme Bonaparte asked Jean Dulles about agricultural support and reform, including how to store and sell.
How should local links be controlled?
Jean Dulles answered Jérôme Bonaparte's questions one by one. After Jean Dulles's answer, Jérôme Bonaparte clearly felt that Jean Dulles was still affected by some scholarly enthusiasm.
However, generally speaking, the solution was not bad. In Jean Dulles' plan, railways became the most critical means of transportation. He hoped that the new Minister of Railways, Baros, could build railways in the central and western regions as soon as possible.
Baros, who had just accepted the Ministry of Railways and was not yet familiar with it, could only smile and said that he would consider it as much as possible.
The whole meeting became a one-man show for Jean Dulles. After Jean Dulles finished speaking, Jérôme Bonaparte looked around and asked them again if they had anything else to do.
After receiving silence, Jérôme Bonaparte immediately stated that Dulles' plan could proceed to the next step.
On May 22, Jean Dulles' plan was submitted to the Senate for review and revision. Under the order of Jérôme Bonaparte, the Senate all agreed.
On May 23, the plan came to the legislative group. Only the Bonapartist legislative group also unified the plan and specifically approved 150 million francs for the plan.
Of course, the funds are not released all at once, but in stages.
This was also what Jérôme Bonaparte meant. His purpose was to prevent the bureaucrats of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce from being eager for quick success and making something that was originally beneficial to the country and the people turn into a move that harmed the people.
Also, the government does not want France to have a situation like that in the late Ming Dynasty. When funds leave Paris, they are scratched aside, and when they arrive in the region, they are scratched again. When they arrive at the provinces and cities, they have to be divided up again. If the divisions are carried out layer by layer, they can be truly implemented.
It’s pretty good if there are still 2 achievements left for the following.
Funds at each stage are strictly reviewed and distributed through the Agricultural Credit Bank.
From a certain perspective, the moral integrity of bankers is better than that of some bureaucrats.
After the agricultural support and reform plan is approved by the legislative group, the "Second Chamber" will be summoned to the French region.
The provinces that received the order from Paris, while cursing the Parisian bureaucracy for looking for trouble, could only obey Paris's order, urging various regions to establish agricultural cooperatives and establish agricultural higher vocational colleges (the provincial government opened agricultural classes in universities, and municipal-level departments established agricultural classes in the original
On the basis of intermediate schools, higher vocational colleges were established.)
One after another "colleges and universities" were established like mushrooms after a rain. In order to meet the teacher shortage of "agricultural schools", the local government had to force some of the teachers who were dismissed due to the "Falou Law" to be stuffed into agricultural colleges.
On June 15, 1851, the Agricultural Promotion Association and the Agricultural Association were established in the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce.
This semi-official organization will serve as a communication channel between the agricultural and commercial departments and local agriculture.
At the same time, an organization called the Agricultural Inspection Group was also established within the agricultural and commercial department. This organization was directly affiliated with Jean Dulles. Its purpose was to supervise the agricultural construction of each province and prevent some people from committing fraud.
The members of the inspection team are uncertain, their number is uncertain, and their whereabouts are uncertain. This invisible sharp knife saves local officials from being confused.
After all, no one knows when and in what form the agricultural inspection team will appear.
While everyone's eyes were focused on the big news made by the newly established Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, the Ministry of Public Works quietly established an organization called the Health Department, and the deputy director of the department was also the replacement director.
Louis Pasteur, unlike the technocrats in other departments of the Ministry of Public Works, most of the officials in this department were doctors. Many people, including the Health Department, did not understand why their minister wanted to establish this organization.
At the same time, in a secluded place on the outskirts of Paris, a research institute called Umbrella appeared. In this newly established research institute, Deputy Director of the Health Department Louis Pasteur was leading a group of like-minded researchers.
Scientific researchers conduct "experiments", and the subject of their experiments is a death row prisoner.