After engraving, there is scratching. This is to draw shallow linear patterns on the surface of the semi-dry object body with bamboo, wood, iron skewers and other tools, and then apply glaze or directly bake it in the kiln.
The scratching technique is flexible, the lines are natural and delicate.
It uses tools to directly score the blank, which is easy to operate and has a strong sense of integrity.
Scratching appeared early and is widely used. It is often used in combination with engraving and ticking.
These can be regarded as a series of carving skills, and they can be regarded as true technical craftsmanship.
In addition to these three types, another process is printing, which is the simplest.
It uses patterned ceramic molds to print patterns on the undried object body, or uses patterned molds to make the blank, leaving patterns directly on the body, and then puts it into the kiln or glazes it and then burns it in the kiln.
system.
The printing specifications are unified, the operation is simple, the work hours are saved, and the production efficiency is high.
Printing techniques appeared earlier, developed greatly in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and reached a higher level in the Song Dynasty.
Typical works, such as Ding kiln white glaze printed plates, bowls, pillows, etc.
In the late Qing Dynasty, direct-printed printing patterns appeared.
For ancient people, the discovery of printing technology was a huge breakthrough because it could quickly make porcelain more beautiful.
However, this is not the case for modern collectors.
Printing is definitely not as good as painting flowers.
In the field of collection, the collection value of hand-painted porcelain and decaled, printed, and brushed porcelain is completely different, and it can even be said that there is a world of difference.
Of course, ancient applique porcelain still has some value.
But now, some works of applique craft have no collection value at all.
Because they are all printed in large quantities by machines, what artistic value does this have? Let alone collection value.
The general porcelain decal patterns are dull and the lines are relatively rigid.
The edges and corners of the small-shaped blue and white porcelain can be felt by hand, which is caused by the glue used in the decals.
Decals are often used for the edge patterns of porcelain, and sometimes seams appear at the junction of the decals, or the patterns on the left and right parts are uneven.
Similarly, since most floral papers are 60cm square, a large vase usually requires several pieces of floral paper to be collaged.
In this way, the defects are more obvious, and you can find the joints of the collage if you look closely.
The decoration of large hand-painted vases is more natural and artistic.
Porcelain decals are made by making patterns into drawing paper, pasting them on ceramics and firing them, while hand-painting is done by hand.
There is a big difference between decal porcelain and hand-painted porcelain, especially when viewed under magnification, the difference will be very obvious.
Even without a magnifying glass, it is easy to distinguish with your eyes.
As long as you are careful and look at the pattern on the picture, if it looks like a mesh pattern on the cloth, it is appliqué.
There is no exact same hand-painted picture. You can compare two identical cups. If the pictures are exactly the same, it is a decal.
It is difficult to distinguish the decals under the blue and white glaze. The hand-painted ones will have different shades of color due to different efforts, while the decals are difficult to do. This is also an important reference.
The pastel decals are all glazed and are easy to distinguish.
Nowadays, there are also semi-hand-painted ones that are between decals and hand-painted. This kind is to paste lines and then fill in colors or divide water. It can also be distinguished by the above method, but it is more difficult.
In fact, using this semi-hand-painted method to fake something is a bit more costly than gain.
With this kind of craftsmanship, it is better to just draw it by hand.
For example, most people can't do the water separation process well. If they can do it well, why not do it well?
"Dividing water" is also called "turbid water", which is one of the blue and white painting techniques.
Within the drawn outline, fill it with green material with a moisture content of 82-96%, which is called water separation.
The pen is filled with water at different times, and the color is filled according to the contour line.
Colors are divided into deep and light colors, and the material water also has shades. It can be divided into 5 to 9 different color levels such as first thick, full thick, second thick, straight light, and shadow light.
This is completely different from the traditional Chinese painting "ink is divided into five colors" and the "material is divided into five colors".
Water separation is a technique for painting blue and white patterns. According to the needs of the picture, the blue and white materials are mixed into a variety of different shades of water, and the painting is done directly on the blank.
This results in tones of different shades. Due to the different shades of blue and white, different feelings of color are formed.
Different shades of strokes can also be distinguished in the same stroke. This blue and white water-dividing painting technique has rich layers and a strong three-dimensional effect.
If it's really done well, it's a craft that lasts a lifetime.
This is a serious porcelain making process. If you can do this well, why bother to deceive people by making half-baked porcelain?
Unfortunately, there are still many people who want to take shortcuts and make more money.
This makes applique technology more prosperous in modern society.
In particular, applique porcelain is currently mainly made of underglaze blue and white and overglaze new colors, and also includes Zhouchao applique porcelain.
What are decals? Decals are produced by specialized factories and sold in stores.
Individuals and manufacturers who produce porcelain can just buy it, stick it on, and send it to be fired.
It requires no skills or effort, saves labor, materials and time, and is suitable for mass production.
Such as daily use porcelain, furnishing porcelain, etc.
This greatly reduces the cost, so this is considered a mass-produced ordinary daily necessities.
Just because of cost savings, decal porcelain is now widely used in craft porcelain.
The main characteristics of decal porcelain are also obvious, see the decorative pattern.
There are many porcelains, and there is often a circle of decorative patterns on the upper, lower, left and right edges.
Decal patterns generally have three situations: graphic overlapping, misalignment, and joint gaps.
Such as jars, bowls, cups, bottles, etc.
If you look closely, you will sometimes notice a lack of color, like insect bites.
This is due to the paint on the decal paper being removed during transportation or operation.
But it doesn’t always appear, so you have to look carefully.
Look closely for symmetrical, or identical patterns.
Every part, the decal porcelain is basically the same.
And hand-drawn pictures will definitely not be consistent.
This is important, for example, in spherical geometry porcelain.
For example, large celestial sphere bottles, large-area continuous graphics, and complete paintings of characters, flowers, birds, and landscapes will not be decals, otherwise they will appear folded.
As for porcelain made with blue and white water separation technology, it can be determined that it is not decaled.
If you judge from the color, regardless of the overglaze or underglaze decals, from a technical point of view, the adhesion thickness of ceramic pigments is limited, and the depth of the color is not easy to resolve.
For a certain color, such as yellow, all such colors will be basically the same throughout the entire screen.
This is the most important method of differentiation. It is still the same problem. For porcelain with a spherical geometric shape, its decals are often composed of multiple pieces of decals.
For example, in landscape painting, some supplementary patterns are also manually drawn for the overall effect.
In this way, the same color (such as blue and white), hand-painted and decals will have different tones.
For example, the decorative lines of bottles and yuan circles are painted by hand, and the color is often different from the color and tone of the same type of decal.