Chapter 1,197 Ding kiln gold colors are all national treasures
Decals and hand-painted porcelain appear at the same time, which is reflected in the upper and lower decorative patterns using decals, and the main parts are painted by hand.
However, in this kind of hand-painting, the picture is rubbed on the blank or porcelain with carbon paper and then colored manually.
This technique is often used in fish tanks.
Whenever decals are used on porcelain, no matter how many, the porcelain cannot be too expensive.
From the analysis of the porcelain body, most of the porcelain bodies of decal porcelain are relatively rough, regardless of whether they have high white clay or not.
Except for high-end daily-use porcelain, decals will not be used on good porcelain bodies.
If it is Zhouchao porcelain, all that you see so far are decals.
In addition, it is also very common for Jingzhen porcelain to use Zhouchao decals.
There are many places where decal porcelain is used, such as tableware, flower pots, various fish tanks, various large vases, and small vases.
It is engraved with decorative patterns and printed with decorative patterns, which are manually drawn and different from decals.
All these craftsmanship and characteristics determine whether decal porcelain has collectible value.
In fact, it still depends on its historical characteristics and quantity, and cannot be generalized.
Of course, if you are collecting, you should try to avoid decal porcelain.
The above four decorative techniques are all direct carvings and decorations on the porcelain body that has not yet dried out, so they are also called tire decoration techniques.
Their emergence is closely and inseparably linked to the social aesthetic orientation at that time.
It also plays a positive and effective role in improving the appearance quality of utensils, enhancing appreciation and enriching artistic expression.
These craftsmanship are basic skills for those who are truly skilled in the art.
If you study and work in a down-to-earth manner, even if your basic skills are not good at the beginning, you will improve over time.
Chen Wenzhe's progress has been very rapid recently. Even if he studies the carving process, he can easily master a large number of porcelain-making methods in customized kilns.
It can be said that as long as you have good carving skills and can make some Ding kiln porcelain, it will definitely not be a problem.
Of course, some special processes still need to be reviewed.
For example, gold color, a craft that achieved brilliance in the Qing Dynasty, actually began to be used in the Song Dynasty, and the gold color of Ding kiln is particularly famous.
There are clear records of gold color in literature. According to "Zhiyatang Miscellanies" written by Zhou Mi of the Song Dynasty: "The gold flower in the bowl is mixed with garlic juice to make the gold painting, and then it is fired in the kiln. It will never come off again."
It is impossible to never take it off again. Over time, some of the porcelains with golden color craftsmanship from Ding kiln that have been passed down to the present have shown signs of dilapidation.
For example, there are three white-glazed gold-colored cloud and dragon dishes in the Palace Museum. The gold color on them has been damaged and peeled off, and only the faint traces of the clouds and dragons can be discerned.
In addition, the Neonhak Museum and the Wenhua Museum each have a black glaze gold flower pattern bowl.
It's just that before the Yuan Dynasty, all the porcelain with gold color was more or less peeling off.
Even if it has not fallen off now, remember not to use a feather duster to clean it, otherwise the gold color will fall off with just one sweep. Remember, remember.
Chen Wenzhe had studied the gold color craftsmanship of the Qing Dynasty before, so now he is just a little familiar with the craftsmanship of the Song Dynasty and knows how the Song Dynasty lagged behind the Qing Dynasty.
When imitating ancient porcelain, it is most taboo to take it for granted and use modern technology.
For example, gold coloring is the same craft, but the craftsmanship is different because of different eras.
The "gold color" in the official kiln porcelain of the past dynasties is definitely different.
Jincai refers to a porcelain-making technique that uses gold-colored overglaze color as decoration.
Gold, a precious metal, has had an extremely noble status in people's minds since ancient times, and it is naturally indispensable to use it to decorate porcelain.
The gold color decoration technology on ceramics is mainly divided into three stages of development.
First, the gold foil decoration stage.
Second, the principal decoration stage.
The third is the gold decoration stage.
Under normal circumstances, we can roughly determine the age range of its production based on the characteristics of the gold color on the artifact.
For example, we are now very familiar with porcelain with clear gilding.
As for the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, I don’t know much about it. In fact, during that period, gold foil was generally used for decoration.
There were already gold-painted pottery figurines in the Tang Dynasty, but the number was very small.
After the Song Dynasty, the number of porcelain decorated with gold colors gradually increased.
Especially among the handed down products, there are also black glaze, sauce glaze and gold colored fixing vessels.
However, generally speaking, the gold-colored porcelain of the Song Dynasty is still in the minority.
The reason is that it is very likely that the gold color processing technology at this time did not belong to the category of ceramic processing technology.
It should have been processed by the gold shop at that time, which belonged to another industry.
Because we rarely find gold-colored porcelain pieces in ancient kiln sites, but they are often found in ancient tombs, ancient cellars, and ancient cultural relics.
There are two main methods for decorating porcelain with gold foil.
One is to apply gold, and the other is to remove gold.
In "Tiangong Kaiwu" of the Ming Dynasty, the production process of gold foil was described.
All colors, including gold, are beautiful and valuable in the world, so they are made into foils and then used.
For every gold foil, use 7 centimeters of gold per square inch to make 1,000 pieces of gold, and stick them on the surface to cover a surface that can cover three feet vertically and horizontally.
When gold foil is made, it is made into thin sheets, wrapped in black gold paper, and beaten into pieces by pushing the vertebrae as hard as possible.
Gilding involves using a brush directly dipped in glue to write or draw patterns on the surface of the porcelain.
When the glue is semi-dry, stick the gold foil on and press it firmly.
After the glue is completely dry, use a hard-bristled brush to remove the gold foil outside the pattern, leaving only the gold pattern in the glued area.
Gold-burning involves using hard tools to carve the glaze surface, then filling the carved grooves with glue and applying gold. After the glue dries, the gold foil outside the grooves is removed.
Whether it is the former or the latter, the ancients could not do without using glue to paste gold foil.
As for what kind of glue they used, there are different opinions. Some said that they used garlic juice, while others said that they used raw lacquer. It is still an unsolved mystery.
The glue used to affix gold foil is all organic matter, and today, hundreds of years later, most of it has been decomposed.
In addition, the coating is very thin and very little remains, making it impossible to crack without high-tech means.
The gold color at this time was not very strong, and most of the ones that have survived to this day have peeled off, leaving only traces.
It can be seen that the gold foil decoration process is costly and has poor practicality.
Therefore, there were only a few adopters back then, and even fewer have been preserved. However, as long as they can be preserved to this day, they are all national treasures.
Although the ancient gold color craftsmanship has various flaws, you still have to understand it if you want to imitate ancient porcelain.
Strictly speaking, the gold color processing technology at that time did not belong to the color firing technology in ceramic technology.
That process is similar to gold lacquer inlay, and is a post-processing process other than ceramic production.
Although there are many flaws, the use of gold to decorate utensils is the most gorgeous and seems to be the most noble.
Gold, no matter ancient or modern, has a very important position in people's minds.
Since this is the case, the ancients naturally would not give up.
Therefore, in the Qing Dynasty, capital decoration began to be used.
During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, imperial factories began to use a new gold color technology.