Chapter 1563: Jilan of the Ming Dynasty, Xuande is the first choice
It can be said that among the entire blue-glazed porcelain system, Ji-blue glaze is as blue as the deep sea and has the purest hue. Ji-blue glaze is a common name.
Previous titles include "Ji Lan", "Ji Lan", etc., and later the word "Ji Lan" was used. In Chinese classical literature, it symbolizes a clear sky after rain. It is a very special blue-glazed porcelain.
Ji Lan in the Ming Dynasty, the Xuande Dynasty is the most praised by later generations.
Xuande Ji-blue glaze porcelain mostly has a single color glaze.
Of course, there are also a few that depict dark flowers, and there are also blue-glazed white flowers, most of which are broken branch flowers and fish and algae patterns.
There are two kinds of official kiln inscriptions: blue and white and dark inscriptions. They are all made in the double-line six-character regular script "Xuande Year of the Ming Dynasty". All the four-character inscriptions are later imitations.
Because its color is stable and bright like a gemstone, it is also called sapphire blue.
The Ji-blue glaze fired during the Xuande Dynasty of the Ming Dynasty had a thick texture and beautiful color, so later generations would call it "Jiqing".
Now it is ranked alongside white glaze and red glaze as the three "top grades" of Xuande color glaze porcelain.
The firing technology of Ji-blue glaze in the Qing Dynasty has been steadily improving.
The pure blue glaze has a heavy color tone, and dark carved patterns and gold-painted decorations are added to add a sense of wealth and happiness to the utensils.
The characteristics of Ji-blue glaze are very obvious. Firstly, it is filled with blue glaze on the inside and outside, and it has white glaze on the inside and blue glaze on the outside.
Secondly, there are few bowls with neat edges along the "light grass edge", and most of the lines are curved and irregular;
Thirdly, apply the glaze to the bottom of the ring foot, so that the ring foot is invisible to the naked eye;
Also, the shallow engraved patterns on the blue glaze are mostly dragon patterns, while those with white flowers are less likely to have dragon patterns, and the white flowers are all made using the stacking molding method, which is a raised three-dimensional pattern, but when you look at it, it seems that there is no three-dimensional effect;
The final shape of bowls and plates is common, while bottles and pots are rare among handed down products.
After understanding what Ji-blue glaze is, when making blue and white porcelain, you can easily make Ji-blue glaze porcelain from past generations.
If you carefully calculate it, Ji-blue glaze and blue-and-white porcelain were actually produced at about the same age.
And they all began to flourish in the Yuan Dynasty, reached their peak in the Ming Dynasty, and ended in the Qing Dynasty.
The blue and white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty is Yuan blue and white, and the Ji blue glaze of the Yuan Dynasty is no worse than the blue and white porcelain.
In the Yuan Dynasty, the imported cobalt material used for firing Ji-blue glazed porcelain was also very precious.
The color of this cobalt material is also unstable. Under such circumstances, it is very commendable that ancient potters were able to produce Ji-blue glaze porcelain with stable, deep, uniform and non-fading color.
Ji-blue glazed porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty was mainly "blue ground with white flowers", and the cloud and dragon patterns were the most common, while those without patterns were almost rare.
At present, there are very few complete Yuan Dynasty Ji-blue glazed porcelain surviving in the world, and they are mainly collected in major museums at home and abroad.
Such as the Palace Museum, Yangshi Museum, and the Summer Palace.
There are more overseas ones, such as the Idemitsu Museum of Art over at Little Devil, and the Osaka Municipal Museum of Oriental Ceramics.
Others include the Guimet Museum of France, the National Museum of Yin, the Topka Museum in Stambul, the British Museum (collected by Sir David David), etc.
There are even fewer Yuan Dynasty Ji-blue glazed porcelains in private collections.
Originally hidden among the people, the most famous one is probably the blue-glazed plum vase with white dragon pattern.
Chen Wenzhe has encountered this before and even imitated it.
This porcelain is covered with Ji blue glaze, Yunlong and orbs are covered with green and white glaze.
The contrast between the two glaze colors is sharp and strong.
The main pattern depicts a dragon chasing a flaming orb, and is lined with four flame-shaped cloud patterns like floating coral branches.
The giant dragon is mighty, majestic and fierce, flying in the blue sky thousands of miles away, and has the potential to dominate the wind and clouds.
Unfortunately, this treasure was finally sold for eighteen yuan.
The characteristics of the modern Ji-blue glaze of the Yuan Dynasty are very obvious and easy to identify.
But a few decades ago, very few could be recognized, so it was easy for the pearls to become dusty.
But now, it is definitely impossible, so it is even more difficult for the public to collect it.
From the perspective of shape, the blue-glazed porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty has a dignified and straight shape, powerful and elegant, and extremely beautiful outlines.
The modern imitations are top-heavy in shape, have a high center of gravity, and feel light in hand, showing the great differences in the modeling craftsmanship between the two eras.
From the perspective of decoration, the dragon decorations of the Yuan Dynasty are strong and powerful, with both spirit and form.
The glaze color is blue and white, elegant and bright, with a strong artistic sense.
This reflects the ancient people's style of "the picture must be intentional and the meaning must be auspicious".
On the other hand, the imitation's decorations are out of proportion, dull in depiction, formless and lifeless.
Judging from the porcelain body, the porcelain body of the Yuan Dynasty was relatively rough.
The porcelain body is gray-white or bluish red.
Rust spots and flint red (yellow) are common and feel natural.
This gives people a sense of maturity and old-fashionedness.
Modern imitation porcelain is delicate and white, but has a strong temperament.
This shows the difference in porcelain refining clay and firing techniques between the two eras.
Then there is the glaze color. Judging from the glaze color, the glaze color of the Yuan Dynasty is plump and moist, and the glaze surface changes in depth. The glaze color is pure, simple and crude.
The glazes of the Yuan Dynasty had the characteristics of poly glaze, shrinking glaze, and hanging glaze.
The modern imitation glaze color is perfect, fully reflecting the different aesthetics produced by the different glazing methods of the two dynasties.
In comparison, the Ji-blue glazed porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty is still better to imitate than the blue-and-white glazed porcelain.
Of course, this is only relatively speaking. After all, all the materials used in that period were Ma Cang soil. Even if Suma Liqing was not used, cobalt was still used.
Fortunately, the Buddha head green material is now easy to refine, otherwise it would be even more difficult to imitate the Yuan Dynasty Ji-blue glaze porcelain.
By the Ming Dynasty, especially during the Xuande period, the Ji-blue glaze had reached its peak.
The sapphire glaze fired during the Xuande Dynasty is world-famous.
Therefore, it is not simple to be called the three major high-temperature monochromatic glaze varieties together with red glaze and sweet white glaze during the Xuande period.
Therefore, Xuande blue glaze has always enjoyed a high reputation, but handed down products are relatively rare.
The plate is coated with white glaze, the glaze color is slightly green and the orange peel pattern is obvious.
The outer wall is covered with high-temperature cobalt blue glaze, and the glaze layer at the mouth edge flows down to reveal the white fetal bones.
The blue glaze hair color is pure and crystal clear like sapphire.
This is the representative feature of Ji-blue glazed porcelain in the Xuande Dynasty.
Therefore, Jilan of the Ming Dynasty is the most praised by later generations for his Xuande Dynasty.
Most Xuande Ji blue-glazed porcelain has a single color glaze, and a few have dark flowers. There are also blue-glazed white flowers, mostly with branch flowers and fish and algae patterns.
The characteristics of Xuande Ji blue glaze are also very obvious.
Generally, the inside and outside are covered with blue glaze, and those with white glaze on the inside and blue glaze on the outside coexist.
Then there are the bowls. Few of them are neat along the "light grass edge", and most of the lines are curved and irregular.
The third step is to apply the glaze to the bottom of the circle foot, which will expose the tire if the eye level is not enough.
Furthermore, the shallowly carved patterns are mostly dragon patterns, while white flowers are rarely seen with dragon patterns. Moreover, the white flowers are all made by stacking molding method, which is a raised three-dimensional pattern, but when you look at it, it seems that there is no three-dimensional effect.
Finally, there is the shape, which is common in bowls and plates, but rare in bottles and pots handed down from generation to generation.
From Chenghua to Zhengde periods, there were many changes in the fired Ji-blue glaze.
Not many Ji-blue glazed porcelains from the Chenghua, Hongzhi and Zhengde periods have been handed down.
Especially during the Chenghua period, no complete vessel has been seen so far.
However, blue glaze fragments of the Chenghua style were unearthed from the Imperial Factory in Jingzhen, indicating that its production has never been interrupted.
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