Chapter 1566: Use it well and you will get treasures
The identification of some old porcelain can be done by observing the base.
After all, the soles are difficult to imitate, as some soles have black sesame spots.
Some people say that these sesame spots are caused by the dirt inside the sagger, while others say that the iron molecules in the soil are overflowing. The latter is more likely.
When the imitation is fired, rust powder is directly sprinkled on the tire soil. In this case, the sesame dots float on the tire soil and too much is not enough.
Generally in the middle of the bottom foot, there is obvious yellow flint red on the ring foot, which is a typical characteristic of Huang Yizi.
The bubbles in the blue glaze are not very clear due to light leakage.
It looks like real blue glaze bubbles from the Yuan Dynasty. Their shape and size are arranged like a necklace, and they are very similar to the polyfoam beads of Song porcelain.
This arrangement of bubbles should be consistent with the bright red glaze of the Yongxuan porcelain of the Ming Dynasty, but not the same as the blue and white porcelain of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties.
The blue and white bubbles have a layered feel, but they don’t form beads of foam like a necklace.
Of course, due to the improvement of imitation technology, bubbles can only be used as a reference and not as the only standard.
All porcelain must be perfect from three aspects: glaze and color, and must be combined with the background and cultural characteristics of the time.
These are all colored glazes, which are derived from single-color glaze porcelain.
If the blue and white material is used alone, it is also a single-color glaze.
However, there are not many blue and white materials used alone. At least there are blue and white materials on a white background.
The white and blue colors can better show the beauty of the blue and white material.
There is also a combination with red glaze, which is blue and white underglaze with red.
Combined with many glazes, it can be pastel, multicolored, or doucai.
As for the color of blue and white materials, Chen Wenzhe has only now studied the mixture of Huiqing and Shiziqing.
According to historical records, Huiqing used by the emperor was paid tribute by ethnic minorities in the Western Regions. It is rare and beautiful in quality.
The greening material contains high manganese content and is obviously purple in color.
Huiqing material was mainly used by imperial kilns from the late Zhengde period to the early Wanli period.
During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, the use of Huiqing material was more common.
The hair color of stone green material is more controversial.
That's why there is a record of "Return to Qingxing, the stone will be green and waste".
According to historical records, Jingzhen kiln used stone green material before using green material.
Before the return of green materials from the Xinjiang region, stone green materials were mostly used in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, mainly during the Zhengde period.
After using the green material, the green material and the stone green material were later used together.
After that, another type of food that emerged was Zhejiang material.
The reason why it is called Zhejiang material comes from its production area in Shaoxing and Jinhua, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
The color of Zhejiang material is green, with rich colors ranging from light to bland and elegant. It is the best among domestic green materials.
From the mid-Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, blue and white wares from Jingzhen official kilns all used this material.
The representative works of Zhejiang materials include the blue and white rectangular box with flower, fruit and dragon patterns, the blue and white halberd flower goblet, and the blue and white long-necked bottle with human figures, etc., all also come from this period.
In addition to this domestic product, there is also a controversial green material in China.
Use it well and it will produce treasures; use it improperly and it will become garbage.
This is Zhuming material, which is produced in Yun Province.
This is a domestically produced green material with bright and pure hair color.
This kind of green material is like Chinese ink painting, with clear layers and five colors can be divided into ink.
Have you ever seen ink painting? That’s what it feels like!
It not only enables the coexistence of multiple tones on the same piece of porcelain, but also creates various layers on the basis of flat coating to reflect the yin and yang.
This type of blue material is mostly used to depict the blue and white porcelain of the Kangxi period, so the Kangxi blue and white is also known as the colorful blue and white.
Among them, the sacred product of Kangxi, the blue and white emerald blue and blue flowers, originated from this.
It is precisely because of the use of high-quality pearl materials for hair color and firing that Kangxi's divine blue and white emerald blue has been produced for a long time.
Chen Wenzhe has thoroughly studied this before and imitated it.
The products he made were all famous products from the Kangxi period, and those works were also representative works of Zhu Mingliang.
Generally, there are Kangxi blue and white pen holders with landscape patterns, Kangxi blue and white large bowls from The West Chamber, etc.
For example, if you want pearlescent materials to have beautiful hair color, you must control the cobalt content.
It contains high cobalt content and has a green and bright color after firing.
At this point, with the addition of chemical green materials, the color of the blue and white materials can be considered complete.
One thing to pay special attention to here is that many porcelains have wide bases and use blue and white materials for writing.
Ancient blue and white porcelain in my country has elegant and elegant paintings and decorations. There are many types of texts and patterns on the bottom of the porcelain. The inscriptions of each period have distinctive characteristics of the times.
According to the form and type of blue and white porcelain inscriptions, it can be mainly divided into five categories: chronological type, auspicious words type, hall name type, praise type and decorative type.
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On blue and white porcelain, the markings indicating the year when the porcelain was fired are written, engraved, printed, etc., which are called chronological markings.
The identification of ancient porcelain is mainly based on the year.
Annals can be divided into two categories: the emperor's year, and the stems and branches that indicate the year.
During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, chronological markings began to appear on blue and white porcelain.
The seal script font is elegant and smooth, and the edges are decorated with lotus petals.
The Xuanjing model is dignified and strong, while the Chenghua model has iron-marked silver hooks and a cloud-like glaze.
The strokes of the Jiajing style are thick and heavy, yet the strength is hidden in the beauty.
As summarized before, predecessors have summarized the chronology of the Ming Dynasty into five sentences: "Xuande's model is rich, Chenghua's model is fat, Hongzhi's model is showy, Zhengde's model is respectful, Jiajing's model is miscellaneous".
In the Qing Dynasty, the Kangxi style of the Qing Dynasty had neat fonts and bright blue and white materials.
Yongzheng's regular script is vigorous and powerful, and its format is exquisite.
Most of the Qianlong, Jia, and Daoguang inscriptions are in seal script, and the fonts are arranged closely, just like a seal seal.
Among the modern designations, there are many "Xijiang Porcelain Company" designations, with elegant regular script, and there is also an English designation "a", which is a symbol of modern export porcelain and is the earliest English designation used in blue and white.
There are very few chronological inscriptions on blue and white porcelain from private kilns, such as "made in the next year", etc. The fonts are sloppy and written very casually.
Writing words and phrases with auspicious meanings is often seen on folk blue and white porcelain.
The fonts are mostly cursive, free and elegant, and are completed in one go. Phrases such as "luck, longevity, health," "long life, wealth," and "wish you the same" express people's yearning for a happy life.
The elegant hall name and personal name are written on the porcelain as a symbol of private collection.
There are "Yuyan Bookstore", "Ruoshen Collection", "Baiyuzhai" and so on.
The famous porcelain is well made and has high collection value.
The tributes express the ceramic art's love for porcelain, such as "Jade treasures", "Modern and ancient treasures", "Changjiang beautiful jade", etc.
Four-character models like "Gowadi Jade" are fresh, elegant and interesting.
"Wa" means pottery, which has a longer history than porcelain and is the elder brother.
And porcelain is whiter and smoother than the beautiful "jade", so "jade" can only be regarded as the "younger brother".
The decorative style is also called the "flower style". It uses simple patterns to decorate the bottom of the vessel, which is a characteristic of folk blue and white porcelain. It is similar to the "Xiao-shaped seal" in seal cutting.
The pictures include Bogutu, Dark Eight Immortals, Eight Auspicious Things, etc.
Among the decorative patterns, the "dried bean curd pattern" has a diamond-shaped frame structure, like a high-rise building in modern architecture. It is the mark of a folk workshop, also called a "monogram."