Chapter 1609: As bright as the sunset, unpredictable
It is because of its unique beauty that later generations highly respect Jun porcelain, especially its glaze color.
Among them, purple has the highest rating.
Liu Zifen, a recent scholar, said it in "Zhuyuan Tao Shuo".
"A Jun kiln vessel is worth tens of thousands of gold┅┅In the Song Dynasty, the purple color was like a ripe grape, extremely rich and gorgeous. The purple color is the same as the purple Jun. All the vessels are pure in color."
In addition to the uniform color of Jun porcelain that comes out of the kiln, other characteristics also need to be paid attention to.
For example, earthworms lead away mud patterns. What is this?
That is, in the glaze, there are meandering strips of different lengths. The glaze marks from top to bottom are like earthworms swimming in the soil.
The reason is that the Jun kiln porcelain body is first fired before being glazed.
In addition, the glaze is extremely thick, and the glaze layer may dry out or crack when drying or in the early stages of firing.
Later, in the high-temperature stage, it was caused by glaze with lower viscosity flowing into the gaps.
When it first appeared, this feature was definitely a flaw, but now it has become a unique feature.
Characteristics like this are widely found in Jun porcelain.
Jun porcelain in the Song Dynasty mostly appeared in the shape of utensils, such as flower pots, receptacles, vases, washbasins, cups, domes, honors, bowls, basins, plates, pots, stoves, etc.
Generally, these porcelains have various characteristics of Jun porcelain.
And here, it can also be seen that there are many kinds of middle-grade Jun porcelain.
Among them, most of them are flowerpots for growing flowers, followed by washbasins, basins, etc. for stationery.
Thirdly, they are aesthetic, implying nobility, and are used for worshiping ancestors such as bottles, statues, furnaces, tripods, etc.
These three types of works have risen from simple daily necessities to spiritual needs.
It indicates that the function of Jun porcelain is dedicated to aesthetic needs and highlights an "elegant" taste.
If these are thoroughly studied, then it will become easier to replicate Jun kiln.
If you want to re-fire Jun kiln, you must know the rise of Jun kiln.
Because the rise of a famous kiln often leads to the prosperity of many kilns.
The rise of Jun kiln has been mentioned before.
The rise of Jun kiln is closely related to the success and development of Lushan porcelain firing in the Tang Dynasty.
Flower glaze porcelain is made of black glaze, yellow glaze, sky blue glaze or tea powder glaze, decorated with sky blue or moon white spots.
Some spots are neatly arranged, while others are randomly stippled.
Since most of them are decorated on dark glaze, the light colored spots look more fresh and elegant.
The types of flower-glazed ware include jars, double-tie pots, flower-mouth vases, gourd-style vases, tripod plates, waist drums, etc.
Pots and cans are the most common ones.
There are many types of cans in double series, and they are generally plump in shape and decorated with large colorful spots.
Therefore, it is solemn and elegant, with a typical Tang Dynasty charm.
The emergence of flower-glazed porcelain in the Tang Dynasty laid a good technical foundation for the rise of Jun porcelain.
After the development of the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, ceramic craftsmanship has been further improved.
Especially in the Northern Song Dynasty, with the recovery and development of production, the continuous improvement of agricultural technology promoted the progress of handicraft industry.
In particular, Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, was the political, economic and cultural center of the country at that time.
The unification of the country and the development of production have led to the rapid development of Junci handicraft industry.
At that time, official kilns were rising, and private kilns were erected in large numbers. Kiln entrances from all over the country were competing for glory.
Therefore, among the five famous kilns, Ru kiln, Guan kiln and Jun kiln are all located in Nanhe.
Among them, Jun porcelain is a beautiful art made in the kiln, which is not only loved by the people, but also favored by the government.
At that time, the official family monopolized Jun kiln as an official kiln.
In the late Northern Song Dynasty, a kiln was specially set up near Juntai in the north gate of Yuzhou City, the hometown of Jun porcelain, specifically to bake imperial items for the palace.
The palace has always valued luxury and luxury, and strictly selected materials, regardless of cost.
Therefore, the craftsmanship requirements are higher, and the porcelain produced in this way is naturally of high quality.
At this time, Jun kiln was also
From the production of folk bowls and plates to daily utensils, the company mainly produced various flower pots and bed boxes, as well as artistic furnishings such as statues, vases, and stoves.
After the change, the fired Jun porcelain was prohibited from being circulated among the people.
At that time, when a kiln was opened, officials sent by the government would supervise and supervise the selection. Those who passed the kiln were elected, and the rest were smashed and buried deeply on the spot.
From then on, everyone had no choice but to look at the kiln and sigh, but Jun porcelain's reputation was even higher.
All kinds of complimentary words are also filled among the people.
The shape is dignified and the craftsmanship is skillful.
The kiln becomes wonderful and dazzling.
There are so many changes that it’s hard to count.
One color enters the kiln, and many colors emerge from the kiln.
Jun porcelain is unmatched, and kiln transformation is unparalleled.
Thousands of changes, endless artistic conception.
These are the signs of Jun porcelain and can be regarded as its characteristics.
Among Jun porcelain, red and purple are especially the basis.
These two glaze colors melt and shine together, forming like flowing clouds and shining like sunset, changing unpredictably.
Jun Kiln Purple, in particular, has a fascinating artistic charm and is unique among the competing gardens.
According to the archaeological drilling of Juntai kiln and the data obtained from excavations, Jun porcelain flourished around the end of the Northern Song Dynasty during the Huizong period (1101-11), which was the golden age of Jun porcelain.
Jun porcelain emerged from the Tang Dynasty and blossomed in the early Northern Song Dynasty, winning credibility and being loved by the majority of users.
In particular, the successful firing of Jun porcelain's copper red glaze and its complex kiln transformation mechanism have resulted in Jun kiln's colorful and stunning colors, with unique kiln transformations of red and purple, which are unmatched by other kilns.
At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, it was once turned into an official kiln by the court.
On the one hand, skilled craftsmen were gathered from the private sector to produce according to the styles designed by the palace.
At the same time, various measures were adopted to restrict private production of Jun porcelain.
Even among the royal items fired by the Juntai kiln for the palace, except for the finished products after selection, the unqualified and defective products were smashed and buried deeply, and they were prohibited from being circulated among the people.
Such high standards and strict requirements have played a great role in promoting the improvement of Junci technology.
However, the stricter the control, the more serious the sneak attacks and the wider the spread.
Therefore, since the Song Dynasty, the imitation of Jun has spread throughout the country.
Especially in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, it became even more popular and has recently reached the level of revival.
In the area around Shenhe Town, Yuzhou, the hometown of Jun porcelain, the flower glazes of Zhaojiamen emerged in the Tang Dynasty, and the Liujiamen kiln became successful in the early Northern Song Dynasty.
In the late Northern Song Dynasty, the government-run Jun Kiln was located in the ancient Jun Terrace in the north gate of Yuzhou City.
Because Jun porcelain is famous all over the world, various places compete to imitate it, and a huge Jun kiln system is formed with Yuzhou as the center.
According to archaeological surveys, kiln entrances for firing Jun porcelain have been found in four provinces and 27 counties and cities in northern my country.
【In view of the general environment,
In addition to Yuzhou, Nanhe includes Ruzhou, Jiaxian, Xuchang, Xinmi (formerly Mi County), Dengfeng, Baofeng, Lushan, Neixiang, Yiyang, Xin'an, Jiaozuo, Huixian, Qixian, and Junxian , Hebi, Anyang, Linzhou (formerly Lin County);
Bac Ha Province has the famous Ci County;
There is Hunyuan County in Xishan, and then there are Inner Mongolia and other places.
Among the products from kilns in various places in Nanhe, Shenge Liujiamen kiln is the representative product of the early Northern Song Dynasty.
The products of Juntai kiln are the most exquisite.