According to archaeological excavations, Juntai kiln is an official kiln, and its products are entirely palace furnishings, with excellent porcelain craftsmanship and high quality.
The Yuzhou Shenhe Liujiamen Kiln is a typical folk kiln in the early Northern Song Dynasty.
The area is rich in porcelain clay, glaze and fuel, and the nearby mountainous area is rich in copper ore - malachite.
Based on the craftsmen's long-term experience in making porcelain and their understanding of the special coloring mechanism of metals, malachite is ground into powder, added with plant ash and mixed into the glaze, and then restored and roasted at high temperature to achieve the ideal red effect.
Once this new process is successful, it will attract close attention from kilns from all over the country, so groups will start to imitate it.
With Yuzhou Shenhe as the center, the technology of firing Jun porcelain gradually spread to the surrounding areas.
During the imitation process, each kiln not only paid attention to the original shape of Jun porcelain, but also added some new varieties according to their own characteristics.
For example, Xin'an Beiye Kiln and Shisi Kiln not only produce bowls and plates, but also bottles, jars, furnaces, bowls, etc.
In terms of glaze color, it is also as similar as possible to the Jun porcelain of the Song Dynasty.
Among them, the kiln-changing rose glaze of Xin'an Kiln is the best product.
Although most of the imitation Jun products from various places in Nanhe are inferior to those of Song Jun, there are also a few kilns that have maintained the traditional craftsmanship of Song Jun.
The Jun kiln porcelain at the entrance of these kilns has a beautiful kiln color, with red and purple contrasting with each other, green as blue and purple as eggplant skin, crystal clear and shiny, achieving an artistic effect of excellent luster.
As for Beihe, especially Ci County, this is one of the main producing areas of Cizhou kiln.
However, in the Yuan Dynasty, due to the influence of the Yuzhou Jun Kiln, in order to meet the needs of the majority of Jun porcelain consumers, under the conditions of fierce product competition, Jun porcelain had to be fired.
However, its production scale is small and its output is limited.
Next, Pengcheng, Guantai, Neiqiu, Longhua and other places also imitated Jun porcelain.
In addition to Hunyuan in Xishan, Linfen, Changzhi and other places also imitated Jun porcelain.
However, the glaze is extremely thick and the craftsmanship is poor. The glaze color is mostly sky blue, and the exposed areas on the outside are black.
This is completely different from the tones of the exposed parts of Jun kiln porcelain in Nanhe and Beihe provinces, and should belong to the unique style of Hunyuan kiln.
As for the Qingshuihe kiln site in Inner Mongolia and Baita Village in Hohhot, Jun porcelain incense burners from the Yuan Dynasty have been unearthed.
The Jun porcelain perforated high-seat amphorae here are not only beautiful in shape and neatly made, but also have wonderful kiln properties and bright and clear glaze colors.
This kind of incense burner is printed with the inscription "I built an incense burner on September 15th, Jiyou year", and its firing date should be the second year of Emperor Wuzong of the Yuan Dynasty (1309).
These inscribed Jun porcelain incense burners are indeed rare art treasures.
Of course, it is also a good information for the dating of Jun kiln.
Due to Song Jun's fame, since the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, the style of imitating Jun spread throughout the north and formed a huge kiln system.
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Jun kiln system gradually declined, and imitation of Jun became popular in the Jiangnan region.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the style of imitating Jun quietly emerged again.
Existing archaeological data show that the main imitation juns in the Jiangnan area include Jinhua in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, Jingzhen in Xijiang, Yixing in Sujiang, and Shiwan Kiln in Guangdong Province.
Jun kiln porcelain is extremely precious, and there are many folk sayings about this.
But the most complete summary is Yong Tao's poetry.
In Ji Yuansou's "Poems on Porcelain: Songs of Junpen", he made a relatively comprehensive evaluation of Jun (also known as Jun) porcelain.
"The firewood kiln is not visible, but the only ones that survive are Yu Jun. They are all Song ware. The earthworms have removed the mud traces, and the slanting and buckling are looming. This can be used to distinguish the fake from the real one. No one can imitate it after the Song Dynasty. It's good luck. How ingenious.
Ru kiln lake is made of agate glaze, if the end is uniform, purple is the most precious. There are more kilns, but there are fewer Ru kilns, so the price of Jun kilns is high regardless of the price. The glazes of Ru kiln are both green and purple, and the purple ones are beautiful and bright for thousands of years. The green ones are called moon white by the common people. , also elegant, beautiful and gentle.
Yuan porcelain blue is evenly purple, evenly purple, but the body is greasy and even, with a little sesame paste in the bottom. Odd and even numbers are new, or odd and even numbers are used to judge blue and purple, none is the Eastern Savage of Qi Dynasty. The flower pot has a seat shaped like a bowl, one One piece is worth a thousand cakes of silver.
I have a pot that is bigger than a bucket, and my face is beautiful and beautiful. The imitation of purple is the most exquisite and rare in the world. It is said that my descendants will never be poor. Thousands of green peaks float with a few eucalyptus. When the rain passes, the clouds are broken and there is no dust. Purple is not expensive, and those who have are expensive. .The world is turning around like a wheel.
How can you predict the changes in the mud? Tears flow down the lower part of the body. The flow of tears is different. One is dry and the other is moist. There is a reason for the name. The traces of tears are unique and proud of the mud. The luster must overcome the dryness. There are five codes at the bottom and four are the same. , hexagonal concave shallow lip.
It has been hidden deep in the temple for seven hundred years, why bother to praise the Han and Qin Dynasties with tile seals? Once it was spread that it belonged to a village old man, it made the martial arts old and sick. The small pines and chrysanthemums are quite visible, so be careful not to let them fall tightly and increase the sorrow."
In this poem praising the Jun porcelain basin, Jun porcelain's natural and unparalleled grace has been clearly described.
The gorgeous and wonderful colors of Jun porcelain are naturally formed during firing.
Or like beautiful jade, the so-called "like jade but not jade, like jade";
Or it's like the blue sky; purple is dark blue, blue is white, and white is red.
That is to say, "one color enters the kiln, and many colors come out of the kiln."
What is particularly miraculous is that the kiln transforms into extraordinary things and wonderful scenes emerge.
Or like the green mountains and the shadow of sails in the deep pool;
Or like the snow covering the southern mountains and the warm glaciers;
Or like the sky full of stars and the jackdaws returning to the forest;
Or like a fairy mountain surrounded by pavilions, flying clouds and flowing water;
They are all lifelike, like freehand brushstrokes splashed with ink, and their wonders are beyond the reach of the world's most skilled painters.
Because its color and shape are all made by nature, it is said that Tao follows nature.
The ancients once wrote a poem praising: "Green is like the spring water at the beginning of the day, and red is like the morning glow. The sky is filled with smoke and stars, and the purple green at sunset suddenly turns into mist."
Where the colors of Jun porcelain blend and spread, it may be like the rainbow glow in the sky after rain;
Or like a waterfall in a deep canyon;
It is hazy and indistinct, like celestial phenomena and earthly language, which attracts people's endless reverie.
Observing the endless changes along the cliff, everyone feels that they are in a unique state of understanding, contentment, and joy. This is the unique pleasure of viewing Jun porcelain.
Take a leisurely look at the changing colors of the kiln, and listen quietly to the sound of Jun porcelain being opened. "Jun porcelain, its color can be admired, and its sound can be heard."
The sound of Jun porcelain opening and cracking is like a bell or a spring, subtle and cool;
Like a harp or a stream; listening to it in a quiet night makes one completely forget themselves.
Its cracked texture resembles crab claws, spider webs, or ice cracks. The glaze is crystal clear and the texture is clear and fine.
The glaze is even more like pearls, stars and galaxies, which are lustrous and moisturizing. This is the charm of Jun porcelain in addition to its color.
There are five colors in the world, and they are ever-changing. Not to mention that the colors of Jun porcelain are natural and even more changeable. Therefore, there are no two identical pieces of Jun porcelain in the world, so it is called "Jun porcelain is unparalleled".
In addition, firing Jun porcelain is extremely difficult, and there is a saying that "nine out of ten kilns fail."
Emperors of all dynasties have designated it as an imperial treasure, which is exclusive to the palace and strictly prohibited among the people. It also means "the king is unparalleled".
The five famous porcelains in our country are Jun, Ru, Guan, Ge, and Ding. Jun porcelain is the first, which is called the king of porcelain.
Other porcelain can be used in the high halls of noble officials, and in the humble rooms of ordinary people. However, Jun porcelain comes from the imperial family and is rare among the people. Its auspiciousness is unknown.
Therefore, it has the reputation of "gold is valuable but Jun is priceless" and "even if one has a huge fortune, it is not as good as a piece of Jun porcelain".
This Shenjun porcelain can only be fired in Shenhe Town, Yuzhou (Junzhou), Henan Province, and it must be closely related to the local water and soil.
Nowadays, Jun porcelain has gradually been cherished by the world, and the wonder and beauty of Jun porcelain are increasingly known and appreciated by people.