Modern people, standing on the tide of information, all know that no matter what period they imitate the Northern Song Dynasty official kiln, they are actually not as good as the porcelain of that period.
Why? Because no expense was spared.
In ancient times, people could spare no effort, but can modern people do the same?
When modern people imitate something, they want to make money.
It's just that the official kilns of the Northern Song Dynasty were so good that so many people wanted to imitate them.
Various signs indicate that imitation of official kilns actually began as early as the Song and Yuan Dynasties.
From the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the imitation of official kilns continued unabated, and considerable achievements were made.
To sum up, the imitations of official kilns in the Song Dynasty can only be found in the following situations:
Kiln porcelain has become very valuable since its emergence. There have been many imitations in the past dynasties. Imitations can be divided into four types.
The first is an imitation of the Longquan kiln of the Song Dynasty; the second is an imitation of the official kiln of the Ming and Qing Dynasties;
The third is the imitation of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China; the fourth is the modern imitation.
The porcelain imitated from the official kiln in the Longquan kiln of the Song Dynasty was fired using cushion cakes or supporting rings without any traces of supporting nails.
In addition, none of the Longquan kiln imitations are fully glazed and fired.
The imitation official kilns of the Ming Dynasty were all imitated by the Jingzhen imperial kiln factory.
The glaze layer of these imitations is thicker, and the glaze surface has large and small flakes.
Most of them are pink blue and gray blue, not focusing on the shape, but only on the glaze color.
Products imitating official kilns during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty were called "imitation iron bone Grand View glaze" in literature.
The glaze colors are mostly bean green, gray-blue and moon white, with a few grainless flakes and mostly large open flakes. There are two types of glaze: transparent and devitrified.
The devitrified ones are easily confused with the official kiln of the Song Dynasty. Among its exquisite products, the nail marks are black, similar to the tiny sesame nails of Ru kiln.
Although imitations of official kilns from the Ming and Qing Dynasties are imitations, they still have high cultural relic value.
Many imitations of official kilns from the Ming and Qing dynasties have the style or styling characteristics of this dynasty and cannot be confused with the official kiln works of the Song Dynasty.
The real "official kiln" was one of the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty and was built directly by the government.
They are divided into Xinguan and Jiuguan. The former is the official kiln of the Southern Song Dynasty and the latter is the official kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Both the body and the glaze are as thin as paper and come in colors such as moon white, pink, pink-green, dark green, and putty.
At that time, the white moon was on top, followed by pink and green. Later, it became pink and green, followed by white moon.
Most of the artifacts have split patterns, with the ice crack pattern at the top, the plum blossom pattern at the second, and the fine chip pattern at the bottom;
Those with open patterns and yellow and black lines are top grade.
The glaze spots are mostly eel blood, followed by ink lines.
Although official kiln porcelain only accounted for a very small number of porcelain in the Song Dynasty, due to its status and superior conditions, it was able to produce a number of high-end porcelain needed by the court at that time.
As a result, the official kilns of the Northern Song Dynasty became a precious cultural heritage of the Chinese nation.
It is actually not difficult for Chen Wenzhe to imitate such famous porcelain.
After all, he had imitated Ru kiln and Jun kiln before, and he also knew Ge kiln and Ding kiln very well.
The current imitation of official kilns actually involves the technology of four other famous kilns.
It is not difficult for Chen Wenzhe to combine such techniques to produce a different kind of beauty.
The most important thing here is the appropriate clay and glaze, which is actually easier to imitate the porcelain from the kiln mouth of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Because the soil used in this period was generally purple gold clay, and the glaze was generally lime alkali glaze.
Of course, depending on the kiln entrance and the geographical location, both the soil and the glaze color will be different.
But this difference is not big. At least for modern Chen Wenzhe, it is not difficult to obtain qualified raw materials.
Since the external conditions are suitable, technology is no longer an issue.
With Chen Wenzhe's current status in the world, or his current level of financial resources, it has become very easy to obtain some technology.
For others, technology may be difficult to learn, and some lost technologies are even more difficult to learn.
But for Chen Wenzhe, everything has become simple.
As long as he has some status and money, he can learn whatever he wants.
The production of Northern Song Dynasty official kiln porcelain is not difficult for Chen Wenzhe, but the imitations of official kiln porcelain from past dynasties are even more complicated for him.
It's not difficult, just a little complicated.
The official kiln is very special. The imperial kiln factory is the official kiln, but it is not the official kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Only the special kiln mouths in the Northern Song Dynasty were the official kilns of the Northern Song Dynasty, or later became the official kilns of the Southern Song Dynasty.
And all the imitations of official kilns in later generations were actually the best imitations of imperial kilns.
In principle, these imperial kilns that imitate the official kilns are also official kilns, and here they are the official imperial porcelain factories.
No matter what kind of official kiln they are, the porcelain they produce is of the highest quality.
Therefore, later generations, such as the Ge kiln of the Song Dynasty, the official kiln of the Yuan Dynasty, the official kiln of the Ming Dynasty, and the official kiln of the Qing Dynasty, are now the targets of Chen Wenzhe's imitation.
This Ge Kiln of the Song Dynasty must not be left behind, but this is also a famous kiln, and it is not easy to imitate.
Therefore, Chen Wenzhe passed over the Yuan Dynasty and directly imitated the official kilns of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The Ming and Qing Dynasties can be said to be the pinnacle in the history of porcelain production.
The official kilns of the Song Dynasty were definitely the pinnacle of porcelain, but the official kilns of the Ming, Xuande and Chenghua dynasties also had a large number of imitation products.
This is precisely because the official kilns of the Song Dynasty had a great influence on later generations.
During the firing activities of the official kilns of the Ming Dynasty, products that highly imitated the Ru and Jun kilns of the Northern Song Dynasty and the official kilns of the Southern Song Dynasty appeared.
The official kilns of the Ming Dynasty flourished in Xuande.
Later, it went through three dynasties: Zhengtong, Jingtai, and Tianshun. At that time, the country was in troubled times and had no time to take into account the production of official kilns.
Therefore, the imperial kiln firing industry shrank significantly, and it was not until the Chenghua period that official kiln production resumed.
The Doucai porcelain fired at that time was exquisite in craftsmanship, surpassing that of the Xuande Dynasty.
Emperor Chenghua, like his grandfather Xuanzong, had a special interest in the famous kilns of the Song Dynasty.
In addition to imitation Song Dynasty official kiln products, there are also a large number of imitation Song Qingbai porcelain and Song Ge kiln products.
His representative work is the Ming Chenghua celadon-glazed three-legged water bowl with a narrow mouth. This porcelain is 7.2 centimeters high and was unearthed in 1988 at the northeast corner of Longzhu Pavilion in the Ming Imperial Factory.
Chenghua's imitation Song Dynasty official kiln products not only focus on imitating the glaze color, but also focus on imitating the shape.
For example, the Ming Dynasty Chenghua imitation Song Dynasty official kiln celadon sunflower petal washer in the collection of the Palace Museum is very similar to the Song Dynasty official kiln celadon sunflower petal washer in the museum's collection;
A Chenghua celadon three-legged furnace unearthed from the imperial factory of the Ming Dynasty is similar to the three-legged furnace of the Song Dynasty official kiln in the Wanwan Palace Museum;
The Chenghua celadon slag bucket-type flowerpot unearthed from the Imperial Factory in the Ming Dynasty is similar to the celadon-glazed flowerpot unearthed from the Laohudong kiln site in Hangzhou.
This may have been imitated by craftsmen at that time based on the actual objects from the official kilns of the Song Dynasty.
In the 25th year of Hongwu's reign in the Ming Dynasty, there was a record of "official kiln" in Cao Zhao's "Ge Gu Yao Lun".
"The official kilns made by Xiu Neisi in the Song Dynasty have fine and smooth soil veins, a greenish-pink color, with different shades, crab claw patterns, purple mouth and iron feet. Those with good color are similar to Ru kilns, and those with black soil are called Wu Clay kilns, those that are fake are all Longquan, and those that are fired have no lines."
It can be seen that in the early Ming Dynasty, people were very familiar with Song Xiunei Siguan kiln wares.
If the Chenghua official kiln craftsmen had never seen the actual Song Dynasty official kiln, they would not be so similar in shape.
Overall, the glaze color and some shapes of the existing Chengdu imitation Song Dynasty official kiln wares are relatively close to the Xiunei Si official kiln wares, and are of a higher level than the Xuande official kiln imitation Song Ru kiln wares.
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