Looking at the official kilns of the Ming Dynasty, Xuande blue and white and Chenghua doucai are among the best products produced by the official kilns of the Ming Dynasty.
The periods of the Xuan and Cheng Er kilns were also the two most glorious periods of the Ming Guan kilns.
Xuande imitated Ru and Jun kiln wares of the Northern Song Dynasty, and Chenghua imitated official kiln wares of the Southern Song Dynasty, indicating that the imperial factories at that time had superb porcelain-making skills.
Xuande official kilns imitate Song official kiln wares, not deliberately, but just to the general effect.
However, through imitation, the level of porcelain making technology has also been improved, and new porcelain varieties have been multiplied.
The imitation Song official kiln wares fired during the Yong and Qian dynasties of the Qing Dynasty were obviously influenced by the Xuan and Cheng kilns.
For example, the Xuande official kiln uses a trace amount of cobalt as a colorant to produce a sky-blue imitation Ru ware.
Using low-temperature frit lead glaze, the blue glaze was made to imitate Song Jun kiln wares.
Its azure glaze and blue glaze are far different from Ru glaze and Jun glaze.
But the former became the famous azure glaze during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty.
The latter evolved into Lujun glaze during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.
This is not simple, for example, Yongzheng azure glaze, which is a very important type of the famous Yongzheng monochromatic glaze works.
There is no contrast between the blue and white of blue and white, and there is no complexity and color of colored porcelain.
Even though it is only pure in one color, it is not inferior to "thick makeup". This is a single-color glaze.
Beautiful and simple, but not simple!
Single-color glaze is also called "one-color glaze", "pure-color glaze" or "one-color glaze".
Due to the different chemical components contained in the glaze, different types of single-color glaze porcelain will show different single colors after firing.
Monochromatic glazed porcelain, with its carcass of different textures and stunning glaze colors, has created one brilliance after another in the history of Chinese ceramic art.
Using glaze as decoration is the earliest decorative method in porcelain craftsmanship, and it appeared as early as the Eastern Han Dynasty.
By the Qing Dynasty, it had become more comprehensive and formed a variety of colorful single-color glazes, which became one of the four famous porcelains of Jingzhen Guanyao.
The firing of single-color glazes in the Qing Dynasty was at its peak, especially in the Yongzheng period. Its variety and level reached its historical peak.
Yongzheng celadon glaze uses trace amounts of iron as the coloring agent.
This is the oldest and most traditional color porcelain glaze in our country, and it was once the dominant color porcelain glaze.
This kind of glaze color has reached a high level in the celadon glaze ware fired by Longquan kiln in the Song Dynasty.
After that, it gradually declined, and the imitation Longquan celadon porcelain fired during the Kangxi period once again elevated the status of celadon.
The quality of Yongzheng celadon glaze was further improved on the basis of Kangxi's.
During this period, celadon-glazed porcelain reached a fully mature stage.
The celadon glaze firing can achieve the same color and luster of the same utensils, and the yield is high.
It can be said that its celadon-glazed porcelain production technology has reached the highest glaze color level in history.
Its juice is fine and moist, and its glaze color is uniform and green.
According to the different shades of color, it can be divided into pea green, holly, pink blue, pea green is the deepest and thickest;
Holly is slightly lighter in color, greenish in color;
The color is light pink and blue, with a hint of pinkish-white in the blue.
The glaze surface is warm, dense, smooth and smooth.
The decoration is printed, carved and scratched, and the decoration is delicate and clear.
The single-color glaze ware of the Yongzheng period can be roughly divided into several categories.
The red glaze system is divided into copper red, gold red and iron red.
Copper red glaze, also known as Jihong, uses copper oxide as the coloring agent and is fired in a high-temperature reducing flame atmosphere of about 1300c.
This kind of glaze color has extremely strict requirements on the control of firing temperature and atmosphere in the kiln.
All copper red glazes have always been the most difficult variety to fire among single-color glazes.
After the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty, the firing of copper red glaze was almost lost.
By the time of Kangxi, there was recovery and development.
It was not until Yongzheng that this precious and extremely difficult glaze color reached its most mature stage.
During the Yongzheng period, Jihong wares were produced that were gorgeous and quiet, with deep devitrification and uniform color.
Chen Wenzhe has copied all red-glazed porcelain before, but his imitations are still incomplete.
This time I studied Yongzheng's single-color glaze, and Chen Wenzhe simply completed it.
It is not as good as iron red glaze, also known as alum red and coral red glaze.
This kind of glaze color is a major category of porcelain, and Chen Wenzhe has never let it go before.
Alum red is a slightly orange-yellow brick-red glaze that is fired in a low-temperature oxidizing atmosphere using iron oxide as a coloring agent.
The coral red wares of the Yongzheng period have thin and even glazes, obvious orange peel patterns, calm tones, smooth and exquisite colors, and present a palace atmosphere of magnificence, refinement and elegance.
The most famous one is the coral red glaze plate produced by Jingzhen Kiln during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty.
Yongzheng's single-color glaze, apart from the blue glaze and red glaze, which are treasures, the largest one should be the celadon glaze porcelain.
The celadon system includes high-temperature celadon ware fired with iron as the coloring agent.
Then there is the medium-temperature celadon fired with copper as the coloring agent.
The former is divided into pink green, holly and bean green, with colors ranging from light to dark.
The latter include malachite green, melon skin green, emerald green and turquoise green, etc., especially the latter two are the most expensive.
This Chen Wenzhe had dabbled in firing green glazed porcelain and red glazed porcelain before.
High-temperature celadon porcelain is the oldest single-color glaze variety and has been famous throughout the ages.
But it was only in Yongzheng that the kiln masters truly succeeded in mastering the celadon firing technology.
The color of Yongzheng celadon is fresh and soft, the texture is as smooth as jade, the artistic conception is far-reaching, and the temperament is noble.
These were all developed from the celadon-glazed porcelain of the official kilns of the Song Dynasty. Of course, the Qing Dynasty must have inherited the technology of the Ming Dynasty.
The technology of the Ming Dynasty must have come from the Yuan Dynasty and the Song Dynasty.
This is inheritance, just like the blue glazed porcelain from before.
The earliest and most famous one is definitely the Ji-blue glaze of the Yuan Dynasty, but the sapphire glaze of the Ming Dynasty is also very famous.
Then it wouldn’t work in the Qing Dynasty? It must still be okay.
For example, among Yongzheng's single-color glaze works, there is a blue glaze system.
Among the blue glazes, there are Ji blue, sky blue and sky blue.
Jilan is a devitrification glaze containing about 2% cobalt oxide.
Fired in a high-temperature reduction flame, the color is calm and solemn, evenly moist, and the glaze has obvious orange peel lines;
Sky blue glaze is a high-temperature glaze containing less than one percent cobalt oxide.
This kind of glaze has a delicate and uniform surface with no flakes, strong glass texture, soft and elegant color, fresh and timeless, just like the blue sky after the rain;
The azure glaze is lighter than the azure glaze, the color is light blue with a hint of turquoise, and the pink is tender and soft. It seems to be imitated from the Ru glaze of the Song Dynasty.
There were authors from the Song Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, and by the time Kang and Yong collected their masterpieces, they were both subtle, subtle, and subtle.
These are the most important single-color glazes during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty.
Of course, there are others, such as the yellow glaze system and the imitation Song Dynasty glaze system.
Especially the imitation Song Dynasty glaze system, including imitations of the five famous kiln wares of the Song Dynasty and imitation Longquan wares.
Secondly, there is Lujun glaze, which was created by Yongzheng kiln and is a new type of kiln-varnished glaze that imitates Song Jun glaze.
Because it is baked twice in a low-temperature oven, it is called so.
The glaze surface is thick and bright, and the crystals in the glaze are in different shades of red, purple, blue, green, moon white and other colors, flowing naturally, blending and stirring.
For various reasons, various glazes from the famous kilns of the Song Dynasty have been highly praised by collectors since ancient times, and all dynasties and dynasties have tried their best to imitate them.